Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium最新文献

{"title":"Differential RAIM and relative RAIM for orbit ephemeris fault detection","authors":"M. Joerger, S. Stevanovic, S. Khanafseh, B. Pervan","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236879","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces new monitors for the detection of orbit ephemeris faults affecting differential carrier phase measurements in a shipboard aircraft landing application. Two shipboard monitors are first designed. While they provide high detection performance against two targeted fault types, they are ineffective against the other types of orbit ephemeris faults. In response, to protect the user against the entire threat space, a new airborne receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm is developed. This `unified' RAIM approach (URAIM) exploits both differential RAIM (which is most efficient at airship separation distances larger than 5 nmi) and relative RAIM (which, in contrast, performs better as the aircraft approaches the ship). Performance evaluations demonstrate URAIM'm potential to detect all types of orbit ephemeris faults using a single, unified residual-based RAIM method.","PeriodicalId":282304,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117349587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A segmentation-based Radio Tomographic Imaging approach for interference reduction in hostile industrial environments","authors":"V. Koster, A. Lewandowski, C. Wietfeld","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236850","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents and evaluates a passive device-free tracking system for localization of objects or persons. The system works with a continuous evaluation of the received signal strengths of connection links between fixed installed anchor nodes. Out of the evaluated measurements, an image of the scene can be generated based on Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI). The major contribution of this paper is an application of segmentation algorithms for sharpening the image by reducing noise and interference. The applied combination of image segmentation with a connected component labeling algorithm enables an evaluation of certain areas in the image to estimate the position and the number of objects in the room. Finally, the application of particle filtering smoothes the estimated position and leads to a reliable and accurate position estimation, which is comparable with active solutions. As interference and noise in the link measurements caused by multipath propagation effects can harm the achievable accuracy, the foreseen application area - an industrial environment- poses a huge challenge, as the radio channel is highly affected by the metallic infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":282304,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127604751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interference characteristics for the civil airport environment using time-frequency analysis","authors":"C. Sun, Shau-Shiun Jan","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236901","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays with the developing augmentation system or regional satellite systems, the performance of GNSS for civil users is extremely improved especially on the error budget from system characteristics. However, unpredictable factors on the ground user environment, such as intentional or unintentional interferences, strongly degrade the performance of GNSS receiver. It is a significant issue to monitor and investigate the interference effect while applying GNSS for safety of life applications, aviation applications especially. In this study, a low-cost GPS interference monitoring system was deployed at a civil airport for the long-term interference monitoring, and so far several interference events were observed during this period. This paper focused on the reorganization of what the interference observed is, and identifications of the interference characteristics and the influence on navigation service. The Fourier-sine-spectrum-based time-frequency method analyzed the recorded intermediate frequency signal to speculate the interference statistics such as the period, the duration, the frequency of occurrence, and so on. In addition, the interference influence was evaluated on the criterion of the positioning results and the estimated Carrier-to-Noise ratio (C/N0) in GNSS signal tracking process. In summary, this paper offers the possibility to find useful information of these interference events for the airport environment in locating jammers or mitigating the effects of interference signals.","PeriodicalId":282304,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129096491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban multipath detection and mitigation with dynamic 3D maps for reliable land vehicle localization","authors":"Marcus Obst, S. Bauer, Gerd Wanielik","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236944","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and reliable positioning is an important prerequisite for numerous vehicular applications. Localization techniques based on satellite navigation systems are nowadays standard and deployed in most commercial vehicles. When such a standalone positioning is used in challenging environments like dense urban areas, the localization performance often dramatically degrades due to blocked and reflected satellites signals. In this paper, a general and lightweight probabilistic positioning algorithm with integrated multipath detection through 3D environmental building models is presented. It will be shown that the proposed system outperforms-in terms of accuracy and integrity-existing methods without introducing additional hardware sensors. Furthermore, a benefit analysis of the suggested 3D model for tightly and loosely coupled GPS/INS sensor integration schemas is provided. Finally, the algorithm will be evaluated with real-world data collected during an urban measurement campaign.","PeriodicalId":282304,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132701206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric study of loosely coupled INS/GNSS integrity performance","authors":"A. Grosch, B. Belabbas","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236885","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost inertial sensors have been in the focus of ongoing research since they enable a low priced and low complex way to increase the robustness and reliability of navigation systems, especially GNSS. In this paper, we analyze a loosely coupled INS/GNSS including evaluation of the inertial error propagation and robustness of the corresponding navigation integrity concept with respect to the inertial system parameters. Moreover, we analyze the system integrity performance in terms of overall system protection level dependent on the inertial sensor error model. We discuss and compare the expected performance of using either typical high-end, middle-grad, low-cost or a network of redundant low-cost IMUs in terms of integrity and GNSS coasting time. We show that a network of four independent and identical distributed and orthogonally mounted low-cost sensors boosts the integrity performance significantly and even outperforms the one of a higher grade sensor. Additionally we discuss the trade-off between inertial networks and increased system complexity with respect to integrity performance in this paper.","PeriodicalId":282304,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128725305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multipath study on the airport surface","authors":"A. Guilloton, A. Escher, D. Koenig","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236902","url":null,"abstract":"Airport Navigation will require more stringent localization performance requirements than in-flight navigation [1]. GNSS signals (Global Navigation Satellites Systems) can be envisaged to elaborate the aircraft estimate position on the airport surface. To improve the performance of localization on the airport, the errors on GNSS signals particular to the airport environment must be characterized. Most of these errors are well known such as ionosphere error, troposphere error, etc, and do not depend on the airport environment. But to achieve the expected sub-metric performance, it is necessary to better model multipath error for which a model already exists but is valid for operations from en-route down to CAT I only. In this paper, an analysis of real GPS measurements (using code pseudo range measurement, carrier phase measurement, Doppler measurement and the estimate C/N0 ratio measurement) during taxiing operation on the airport surface is conducted. The goal of this paper is to evaluate when multipath occurs and to compare the multipath model (elaborated from the standard deviation of the measurement errors due to multipath) based on those collected measurements in the airport with different models proposed in the literature (not necessary proposed for airport navigation).","PeriodicalId":282304,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128779212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D personal navigation in smart phone using geocoded images","authors":"Yiwu Wang, K. Virrantaus, L. Pei, Ruizhi Chen, Yuwei Chen","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236931","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional personal navigation in smart phones develops in a fantastic speed nowadays. This topic has already attracts many attentions both from the scientific and industrial field. Such kind of 3D navigation application is mostly fulfilled by importing 3D models constructed in a computer into a mobile phone. However, comparing the computer platform, the mobile devices typically have the several limitations such as a weaker CPU, less memory and other hardware restrictions. All these limitations severely restrict the performance of the 3D personal navigation. The paper proposes a novel solution which is based on geocoded images rather than the 3D models to mitigate these technical restrictions in a smart phone platform and achieves a better performance and smoother human-computer interaction. We design a program base on S60 platform running on a Nokia 6710 handset. A five layers configuration is applied in this program. An arc-direction-distance geocoding method is adopted for the file nomination. Several lab and field tests were carried out to compare various aspects between the geocoded image based solution with 3D model based solution and evaluate the performance of the proposed solution. In addition, this solution provides an optional way to decrease the labor cost and working time by building up a similar solution using photos instead of complex 3D model construction.","PeriodicalId":282304,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128780693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing a continuous phase time history from TDMA signals for opportunistic navigation","authors":"Kenneth M. Pesyna, Z. Kassas, T. Humphreys","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236977","url":null,"abstract":"A technique is developed for reconstructing a continuous phase time history from the noncontinuous phase bursts of time division multiple access (TDMA) signals. A continuous phase time history facilitates exploitation of TDMA signals as signals of opportunity (SOPs) within an opportunistic navigation framework. Because of their widespread use and availability in today's wireless communication market, TDMA signals are attractive candidate SOPs for opportunistic navigation. The phase reconstruction technique presented here combines an integer least squares technique for estimating phase ambiguities at the beginning of each TDMA phase burst with a Kalman filter and smoother for removing these ambiguities and optimally “stitching” the bursts together. A Monte-Carlo-type simulation and test environment has been developed to investigate the sensitivity of the proposed phase reconstruction technique to various system parameters, namely, carrier-to-noise ratio, receiver clock quality, TDMA transmitter clock quality, line-of-sight acceleration uncertainty, and TDMA burst structure. Simulation results indicate that successful carrier phase reconstruction is most strongly dependent on the TDMA burst period and on the combined phase random walk effect of the receiver and transmitter clocks, the propagation effects, and the range errors.","PeriodicalId":282304,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129249781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropospheric error modeling for high integrity airborne GNSS navigation","authors":"G. McGraw","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236877","url":null,"abstract":"This paper surveys Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tropospheric modeling techniques currently employed in Space Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS), Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS), and in precise point positioning applications. A method for generating GBAS tropospheric corrections without the use of meteorological sensors is discussed using seasonal models like those used in SBAS. An approach on how residual tropospheric errors can be handled in high-accuracy/high-precision carrier phase differential position applications is described. Current approaches for over-bounding residual tropospheric errors in GBAS and SBAS applications ignore correlation of these errors between satellites. This is not an issue today as residual tropospheric errors can safely be assumed to be small compared to other residual error components. However, with improvements in these other measurement errors associated with GNSS modernization, this assumption may no longer be appropriate. The types of integrity monitoring envisioned by the GNSS Evolutionary Architecture Study (GEAS) may benefit from a reexamination of the treatment of tropospheric errors as described here.","PeriodicalId":282304,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115958738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of high sensitivity GPS for initialisation of a foot mounted inertial navigation system","authors":"J. Pinchin, C. Hide, T. Moore","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2012.6236841","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to optimise the use of GNSS for intialising a foot mounted pedestrian INS. The INS error model used in many navigation filters requires the input of an accurate, precise initial position and heading for stable filter performance. However such information is often not available at the start of a navigation session. Often a rough initialisation is performed and position updates are used to refine the INS state vector error estimates over time. This approach is often ineffective in the early portion of a navigation session and can lead to poor filter performance. In this work two innovative methods for using High Sensitivity GPS (HSGPS) observations are developed. In the first, position estimates from the receiver are used to determine rotation and translation parameters for an INS trajectory. This allows the INS to be initialised with an approximate initial position and arbitrary but precise heading. The INS then uses established methods for a foot mounted INS to minimise the relative position drift for a short period of navigation. When sufficient HSGPS positions have been obtained a weighted least squares approach is used to determine the parameters required to rotate and translate the INS trajectory. Once this has been successfully achieved, the INS may change to a traditional loosely coupled GNSS/INS format for longer term navigation. The second method investigates the use of GNSS to provide 'course over ground' measurements to the INS. These estimates can be used by the filter to directly address the problem of heading drift and can therefore be more effective than position updates in a foot mounted pedestrian INS. In this work we test the ability of course over ground measurements to control drift over time. However it is suggested that they can be directly used to determine rotation parameters for initialisation in the style proposed in the first method. To obtain course over ground observations we use the GNSS Kinematic Time Differencing method to difference GPS code pseudorange and carrier phase observations between measurement epochs. We develop an innovative approach to strengthen these estimates by utilising distance traveled information from the INS. It is suggested that in future, the INS information may be used to reduce the number of satellites required to obtain a course over ground estimate. Testing reveals that the course over ground measurement is an effective aiding measurement for a foot mounted INS. It is shown to be superior to HSGPS position aiding when sparse but precise course over ground estimates are available.","PeriodicalId":282304,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115963122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}