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{"title":"The Devil’s to Pay: John Buford at Gettysburg; A History and Walking Guide by Eric J. Wittenberg (review)","authors":"J. Frederick","doi":"10.1353/get.2016.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/get.2016.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Gettysburg Magazine, no. 54 sources illustrates the hitandrun tactics employed by Buford’s troopers. One major recalled that the men “sent their horses to the rear and fi ghting on foot, bravely resisted and retarded the [Rebel] advance” (p. 87). Th is episode is well known to Gettysburg devotees, and Wittenberg successfully adds context to the drama of the moment. He succinctly correlates how Buford’s actions set the stage for the ensuing infantry combat taken up by the First and Eleventh Corps on the aft ernoon of July 1. Readers also learn about the lesserknown street scuffl e between Th omas Devin’s cavalry and onrushing Confederates amid the Federal retreat. Th e next morning, south of town, Devin’s command became engulfed in yet another fi refi ght as it investigated Pitzer’s Woods, from the vicinity of the Joseph Sherfy farm. In great detail, the author chronicles these widely overlooked events that occurred prior to Buford’s relocation to Westminster, Maryland, to guard supply trains. Featuring an epilogue and several helpful appendices, Wittenberg’s book also delves into leadership assessment, historical memory, and popular misconceptions about Buford. Finally, the book off ers an incisive fi eld guide to benefi t those who might plan their own battlefi eld tours. Th e work also includes a vast array of previously unpublished photographs. In conclusion, Th e Devil’s to Pay is a worthy addition to any Civil War bookshelf. Jared Frederick Pennsylvania State University Altoona Eric J. Wittenberg. Th e Devil’s to Pay: John Buford at Gettysburg; A History and Walking Guide. El Dorado Hills, ca: Savas Beatie, 2014. 272 pp. Hardback, $32.95. isbn 9781611212082.","PeriodicalId":268075,"journal":{"name":"Gettysburg Magazine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130346246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stand to It and Give Them Hell: Gettysburg as the Soldiers Experienced It from Cemetery Ridge to Little Round Top, July 2, 1863 by John Michael Priest (review)","authors":"Christopher M. Gwinn","doi":"10.1353/GET.2016.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/GET.2016.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Book Notes liberties with his source material, adding dialogue and details not found in the original. For example, Priest records a July 1 exchange between foreign observer Arthur Fremantle and Henry T. Harrison, Longstreet’s alleged spy. In Priest’s version, Harrison— the “fi lthy scout”— regales Fremantle with tales of being with the “bluebellies in or near Gettysburg” just a few days before (10). Th e source material is Fremantle’s Th ree Months in the Southern States, which Priest cites; but in the original version, Fremantle never names the individual to whom he was speaking or the state of his hygiene. On another occasion, Priest summons the words of Pvt. Th eodore Gerrish of Company H, Twentieth Maine. In describing the struggle for Little Round Top, Priest depicts Gerrish fi ghting near the left wing of the regiment on Vincent’s Spur, hearing the excited cries at the onset of battle and watching “the ranks rapidly thin around him” as the fi refi ght reached its crescendo (274). Priest’s description draws on Gerrish’s 1882 memoir, which includes an account of the regiment’s service on July 2. Overlooked is the fact that Gerrish wrote of Gettysburg in the third person, having been absent from the regiment that day. Stand to It and Give Th em Hell is replete with such issues, many of which could have been avoided with a more conservative pen and some checking of sources. Th e unique approach of the book is partially to blame. It would be easier to overlook mistakes of minutiae, or the occasional license taken in the cause of vivid narrative, had the sole intent of the book been diff erent. In off ering no new interpretation and in grinding no ax, the merit of Priest’s book rests on his ability to depict accurately the Battle of Gettysburg from the collected, remembered minutiae of its humblest participants. In this, it falls short. Christopher M. Gwinn Gettysburg National Military Park John Michael Priest. Stand to It and Give Th em Hell: Gettysburg as the Soldiers Experienced It from Cemetery Ridge to Little Round Top, July 2, 1863. El Dorado Hills, ca: Savas Beatie, 2014. 528 pp. Hardcover, $32.95. isbn 9781611211764.","PeriodicalId":268075,"journal":{"name":"Gettysburg Magazine","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115406460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Force-Structure Comparisons of the Armies at Gettysburg","authors":"Douglas R. Kleinsmith","doi":"10.1353/GET.2016.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/GET.2016.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Force-Structure Comparisons of Armies with their own direct and general support artillery. However, this organizational force structure had just been established following the army’s most recent battle at Chancellorsville in May of 1863. In fact, from the time the Army of Northern Virginia fi rst came into being, before the gates of Richmond in the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, to this most recent change, it had gone through numerous reorganizations of one form or another. More than anything, the perceived personalities and capabilities of prospective commanders drove the methodology behind the organizational construction of the Army of Northern Virginia. Much of this involved the personal taste of the commanding general, Lee, which included how well commanders worked with each other, what size organization they could eff ectively handle, and what credentials and loyalties they possessed. Consequently, this army underwent forcestructure reorganizations aft er every campaign, due in large part to offi cer casualties and reassignment of ineff ective commanders. Th ese reorganizations ranged from the creation of new corps to the juggling of brigades and divisions in order to fi t the personalities and capabilities of the various commanders.1 In the beginning of the war, Confederate military acts did not account for organizations larger than a division. Consequently, at the start of the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, Joseph E. Johnston, who commanded what became the Army of Northern Virginia, had six independent divisions loosely grouped under three wings. Following Johnston’s wounding, Lee assumed command and inherited a","PeriodicalId":268075,"journal":{"name":"Gettysburg Magazine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124092063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“More Loss Than Success”: Nicholls’s Brigade in the Gettysburg Campaign","authors":"W. E. Welsh","doi":"10.1353/GET.2016.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/GET.2016.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Gettysburg Magazine, no. 54 brigade, also known as the 2nd Louisiana Brigade, which fought under the temporary command of thirtytwoyearold Col. Jesse M. Williams of the 2nd Louisiana Volunteers. At the time the Gettysburg campaign began, Brig. Gen. Francis T. Nicholls was in no condition to lead his brigade, having suff ered his second serious wound of the war at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Army of Northern Virginia commander Gen. Robert E. Lee had serious reservations about Williams’s qualifi cations to lead the brigade through the campaign. One concern was that Williams had no formal military training. Another concern was whether Williams could control his troops in combat, because he had experienced substantial diffi culties leading Nicholls’s brigade in the closing phase of Chancellorsville aft er Nicholls was wounded. But owing to attrition among suitably qualifi ed commanders, Lee could not fi nd a replacement for Nicholls aft er Chancellorsville, and therefore he left Williams in command of Nicholls’s fi ve Louisiana regiments.2 To fully understand the capabilities and limitations of the 2nd Louisiana Brigade in the Gettysburg Campaign, it’s necessary to trace Williams’s rise through the ranks and to assess his performance during the campaign. Fortunately for Williams, the regiments that made up the 2nd Louisiana Brigade had fought together for one year by the time the Gettysburg Campaign began. Lee established the 2nd Louisiana Brigade in the reorganization in July 1862 that followed the Seven Days Battle. Four of the fi ve regiments (the exception being the 14th Louisiana Volunteers) that","PeriodicalId":268075,"journal":{"name":"Gettysburg Magazine","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123004482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sgt. Andrew J. Tozier, Medal of Honor Recipient of the Twentieth Maine","authors":"J. A. Christian","doi":"10.1353/GET.2016.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/GET.2016.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Defending the Sacred Trust Th e Civil War color guard was composed of one color sergeant, who bore the fl ag, and a small number of color corporals, whose responsibility it was to defend the colorbearer and the fl ag. Th e color sergeant position was viewed within the regiment as a special post of honor. As the colorbearer always drew concentrated fi re from an enemy intent on capturing his colors, this soldier had to be one of the bravest men in the regiment. Not the sacrifi ce of his life nor any cost in regimental lives was deemed too high a price to keep the colors safe from capture. Correspondingly, the loss of the regimental colors to capture was considered a great disgrace for that regiment. Many years aft er the war, Chamberlain would recall Tozier’s almosttransfi gured image standing alone with the fl ag. Th e battle’s opening discharges had virtually vanquished the small color guard unit, and the support companies on either side of the color guard had also sustained heavy casualties. Chamberlain recalled the scene at the center of his line:","PeriodicalId":268075,"journal":{"name":"Gettysburg Magazine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131163163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emanuel Harman Farm: Gettysburg’s Unknown Battlefield","authors":"J. Denman","doi":"10.1353/GET.2016.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/GET.2016.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Gettysburg’s Unknown Battlefi eld far eastern end is Willoughby Run. From the base of the Springs Hotel Woods, looking east toward Willoughby Run, it is a far cry from what it was like in 1863. Today, one sees a huge, overgrown fi eld interspersed with clumps of trees. Roughly a quarter mile to your front is a slight rise in the land that then falls away into Willoughby Run. Lines of vision are interrupted by the trees and tall grass; but in 1863, when the Confederates launched attacks across this ground and into the high ground of McPherson’s Ridge on the opposite bank, it was a diff erent story. Th e famed Herbst Woods lie to the northeast opposite Willoughby Run from the Harman farm, while the Herbst farm lies to the southeast opposite the run from the Harman farm. Th e property where the Harman farm once stood went through several phases of ownership. In 1817 Rev. Charles G. McLean, a pastor who was called to serve at the United Presbyterian Church in Freedom Township, purchased the property for an unheardof amount of money at the time, $10,000.1 Over the next several decades, many improvements were made to the property, and it was eventually sold to Emanuel Harman in 1857.2 Harman’s daughter Amelia, a seventeenyearold, attended school while she lived at the house, though Harman himself did not live at the farm during the time of the battle. Amelia lived at the house with her Aunt Rachel (Finnefrock) and a tenant farmer by the name of William Comfort. By 1863 the Harman farm was fully functioning, described as being","PeriodicalId":268075,"journal":{"name":"Gettysburg Magazine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132879679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revelations of a Confederate Artillery Staff Officer: Coupland R. Page’s Reminiscences of the Battle of Gettysburg","authors":"Thomas L. Elmore","doi":"10.1353/GET.2016.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/GET.2016.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Revelations of a Confederate Staff Offi cer married Lucy (as his second wife), daughter of Virginia governor Th omas Nelson. Carter Page’s fi rst wife, Mary Randolph, was reportedly descended from Pocahontas. Th eir grandson, Mann Page, was Coupland’s cousin; he served on Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early’s staff at Gettysburg. Mann’s brother, Richard Channing Moore Page, was likewise at Gettysburg, commanding a battery attached to the division of Maj. Gen. Robert E. Rodes.2 Coupland left his studies behind in the summer of 1861 to join the Liberty Hall Volunteers, a company comprised mainly of students from Washington College (now Washington and Lee) in Lexington, which was to become Company I of the Fourth Virginia Infantry. He fought at First Manassas (Bull Run), where he witnessed Th omas J. Jackson earn his sobriquet, Stonewall. In June 1862 Jackson personally informed the then corporal Coupland of his advancement to sergeant major and reassignment to the artillery. When Coupland expressed a wish to decline the assignment in order to remain with his unit, Jackson looked him squarely in the eye and replied that a soldier’s duty was to accept promotion, which promptly ended the discussion. Coupland reported to the army’s artillery chief, Brig. Gen. William N. Pendleton, on whose staff he served until February 1864.3 Coupland begins his account of the Battle of Gettysburg on the night of June 30, when he was encamped with Pendleton and other staff members near Cashtown, Pennsylvania:","PeriodicalId":268075,"journal":{"name":"Gettysburg Magazine","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123379520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origins of the Sickles-Meade Controversy in Gettysburg Battlefield Reporting","authors":"J. T. Miller","doi":"10.1353/GET.2016.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/GET.2016.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Origins of the Sickles-Meade Controversy relationship with the press throughout his career in politics and government during pre– Civil War years.4 When appointed secretary to the American Mission in London in 1853, he was praised as an excellent choice by both the New York Herald and the New York Times.5 But the Times later decided they had “overrated him,” lamenting “the injury infl icted upon [the nation’s] interests and character by","PeriodicalId":268075,"journal":{"name":"Gettysburg Magazine","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121676954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Field Guide to Gettysburg: Experiencing the Battlefield through Its History, Places, and People by Carol Reardon and Tom Vossler (review)","authors":"J. Frederick","doi":"10.1353/GET.2015.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/GET.2015.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":268075,"journal":{"name":"Gettysburg Magazine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116626001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gettysburg Day One: Taking Cemetery Hill and Culp’s Hill","authors":"Douglas R. Kleinsmith","doi":"10.1353/GET.2015.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/GET.2015.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Gettysburg Day One what the next day would bring. Aft er two more days of battle, the Confederate army could not dislodge the Union army and in the end suff ered, quite possibly, its worst tactical defeat yet in the war. Aft er the dramatic victory for the Confederates at the Battle of Chancellorsville in early May 1863, Robert E. Lee, commanding general of the anv, gained approval for another attempt at invading the North. On June 3 Lee stealthily withdrew his army from the Fredericksburg area and took them west and north along the Rappahannock River, over to the Shenandoah Valley, and north through Maryland into Pennsylvania. Slow to react initially, the Union aop followed hard on the Confederate heels. Th e Union army roughly paralleled the Confederate route of marching, ever mindful of keeping themselves between the Confederates and Washington, dc. George G. Meade, newly appointed commanding general of the Union aop, did not know the exact location of Lee’s army. With most of the army concentrated around Fredrick, Maryland, Meade decided to advance his seven infantry and one cavalry corps north along a wide twentyfi ve mile front covering both Washington, dc, and Baltimore. Similarly, Lee had little knowledge of the Union army’s location. He had not heard from his cavalry commander, J. E. B. Stuart, since June 24. Th e primary responsibility for gathering information on enemy locations rested with the cavalry arm. Stuart eff ectively screened the anv’s movement up the Shenandoah and on into Maryland. He then took three of his best brigades on a daring attempt to circle eastward around the Union army. Whether for fame, Th ere is a debate as old as the war that is ongoing even today about whether the Confederates could have captured Cemetery Hill or Culp’s Hill on the fi rst day of battle at Gettysburg. Th e argument implies that had the Confederates achieved this feat, they would have won the battle and possibly turned the tide of the war in their favor. Th is remains one of the giant whatifs of the war, voiced by more than a few veterans and subsequent historians. One famous example comes from Isaac Trimble, an unattached Confederate general at the time who made the spurious claim that he could have pulled it off if given only one good regiment.1 However, by late aft ernoon of that fi rst day, given the condition of the forces immediately available, the lack of intelligence they had on the enemy and terrain, the time left in the day, and the strength of the Union forces, the Confederates had little to no chance of achieving this feat. Th e fi rst day of Gettysburg was a classic meeting engagement. Parts of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia (anv) collided with advance elements of the Union Army of the Potomac (aop) in piecemeal fashion throughout July 1, 1863. By late afternoon the Union forces were badly beaten and retreating from their advance positions. If the Confederates had kept going, the next logical objective for them would ha","PeriodicalId":268075,"journal":{"name":"Gettysburg Magazine","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130153173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}