Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Delay Factors and its Impacts on Selected Road Construction Supervised by Department of Road","authors":"Bhawani Dhakal","doi":"10.24321/2456.9925.202104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202104","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to analyze the factors causing delay, their impacts, and the perception of local stakeholder towards the delay caused by delay causing factors. Questionnaire surveys were conducted and examination of records from concerned stakeholders within the research area has been carried out. The factors affecting the project delay were ranked using ‘five-point’ scale ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) and transformed to Relative Importance Index (RII). This study was carried out on the basis of literature review and the questionnaire survey on selected road to know the opinion of different parties involved. The questionnaire contained questions on delay causing factors identified through literature review and it came to eight groups and its impacts to five groups and perceptions of local stakeholder towards the delay caused by these delay factors into three groups on three roads i.e. Bharatpur-Meghauli road, Bharatpur-Bypass road, Baseni-Padampur road in Bharatpur Metropolitan City. The top five delay factors identified through the analysis of RII were political interference by political parties, timely payment to labors, local and political pressure, financial problem of the contractor and poor communication of consultant with other working parties. External factor was found to be the ranked one delay causing factors followed by labor factor, project factor, contractor factor and consultant factor. Time overrun cost overrun, wastages and under-utilization of human resources, cost inflation for equipment and materials due to extension of time and reputation of all parties’ involved in the projects were the impacts of delays. The SPI for all three roads was found less than 1 indicating all three projects were behind the schedule (time overrun). For the perception of local stakeholder towards the delay on road construction: accident on site, price inflation in goods and services, increase in noise pollution, increased in air pollution due to dust and particulates and human health were the top most main perceptions.","PeriodicalId":267306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115343781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations Order of Building Construction Project a Case from Nepal","authors":"Neetu Koirala","doi":"10.24321/2456.9925.202105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202105","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to identify the origin and causes of variation orders and their impacts in project cost and completion time for developing preventing measures which can be beneficial in upcoming similar projects. The study is conducted in project inside the Tribhuvan University premises, Kathmandu. The primary data were collected from the questionnaire survey and field study. A questionnaire survey was conducted with construction team who are related to the project. For the case study of the project, contract documents were obtained from the related offices which were thoroughly studied to obtain the project related findings about variation orders relating to project cost and completion time. Five ranking linkert scale have been used for ranking the perception based relative importance index of respondents about causes of variation orders. Existence of variation orders inside Tribhuvan University premises, Kathmandu has been noted from the study. 9.85%, 5.99%, 10.37%, 12.32% and 21.02% cost above the contract amount has been incurred at the completion of the projects respectively. Similarly, 26.67%, 83.33%, 12.5%, 20% and 25% time for the successive contract has been increased by the extension of the contract completion time. From the study, main causes of variation orders are known to be change of plan, change of scope, defect of bill of quantities, lack of specified and appropriate competent construction manager and impediment in prompt decision making. Similarly, causes of variation orders impacting project cost are additional work, client financial problems/ delay in payment of bill and change in design. Causes of variation orders impacting project time are change in design, delay in payment and dispute between parties to the contract. The control measures for the variation orders are appointment of project manager to supervise design, preparation of bill of quantities with good estimate and adequate financial planning. The findings of this study will be beneficial for developers, designers and contractors in building projects and also to the Governmental authorities to develop preventing measures to eliminate or reduce variation orders.","PeriodicalId":267306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129510566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of Challenges of Rural Road Construction Management in Budhinanda Municipality, Nepal","authors":"B. R. Joshi","doi":"10.24321/2456.9925.202101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202101","url":null,"abstract":"The overall objective of the study was to evaluate the management related challenges on upgrading and maintenance of the rural road and to find causes of road construction on an impromptu basis in Budhinandha Municipality.A questionnaire was developed after a literature survey in five-point Likert Scale and surveyed purposively and ranked by Relative Importance Indices (RII). This study revealed that five top-ranked management challenges were found to be dispute on alignment selection, improper water management, release of the budget at end of the fiscal year, land acquisition problem during track opening and widening, lack of clear technical specification and weak geology. And five top-ranked causes of road construction on an ad-hoc basis were budget allocation at end of the fiscal year, political and committee interference during the selection of road alignment, lack of preparation of Transportation Master Plan (TMP), lack of sufficient Technical staff and lack of proper project monitoring by a responsible team of Municipality.The high amount of repair and maintenance cost and environmental protection due to haphazard use of dozer on road construction could significantly be reduced, if government authority enforces to follow design standards, understanding the community value, and implementation of bioengineering approach during road construction.","PeriodicalId":267306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125425817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Household Cement Consumption Pattern in Pokhara Metropolitan City","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.24321/2456.9925.202102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202102","url":null,"abstract":"Cement is a major construction material used in civil engineering works due to which its demand is very high. A proper cement brand selection is a tough task. Different brands have different pricing and quality because they are from different origin and industries. The consumers and suppliers of the cement market may feel that every brand they are buying and selling is of good quality. Most of the cement may conform to the minimum standard for use. The study has been focused to assess the consumption of different cement brands available in the Pokhara metropolitan city. To carry out the research, cement supplier’s data and field data were collected. Consumers within the study area were considered during the survey. Visual inspection of maximum sites was done. The different brands of cement in use at the site were examined by field survey and analysis was done on SPSS software to obtain the results. Maximum cement consumers choose Shivam (30%) in OPC type and Brij cement (25%) in PPC type. During the selection of the cement, consumers are mainly affected by contractors with (35%) without any quality test of cement. 15% of the cement consumers don’t know about the brand of cement they are using in their household construction. 77.50% of the consumers don’t do quality assurance with engineers during household construction. 70% of the cement consumers are unknown about the concrete ratio in structural members. 97.5% of the cement consumers are unaware of the manufacturing date. Only 12.50% of the cement consumers are affected by advertisement of cement. 80% of the RMC company uses Shivam cement and 20% uses Argakhachi cement. A positive increasing trend of annual cement consumption is seen from 2070 BS to 2076 BS. Cement consumption forecasting for 2080 BS would be 289942.089 metric ton with upper bound and lower bound consumption being 209742.725 metric ton and 370141.450 metric ton respectively. Cement consumption from RMC suppliers in the study area in 2080 BS would be 49125.005 metric ton with upper bound and lower bound consumption being 59572.830 metric ton and 38677.190 metric ton respectively.","PeriodicalId":267306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127305580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Price Adjustment Practice of Road Projects in Nepal","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.24321/2456.9925.202003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202003","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry always faces problems on price fluctuation and adjustment of the price to compensate the cost fluctuation becomes necessary. There is dilemma on which formula of price adjustment to use in construction contracts. Price adjustment affects all the stakeholders i.e. Client, Consultant and Contractor. This research revealed about the trend of the cost of components of construction i.e. Labor, Material, Fuel, equipment etc. Compare the different formulas of price adjustment and understand the view of client, Consultant and Contractor regarding price adjustment. Questionnaire was distributed to the Client, Contractor and consultant’s representative who are a part of the above projects. For the questions based on Likert scale, afive point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 is adopted and Relative Importance Index wascalculated and for other questions the result is presented in the form of pie chart and bar chart. From our study, it can be concluded that most of the Clients, Contractors and Consultants are affected by price adjustment. PPMO formula should be used for price adjustments in construction contracts.After the initial completion date of contract has crossed and extension of time has been done, the price adjustment factor should be calculated based on the indices before and upto the initial completion date only and Price adjustment should be provided after the initial completion date of contract also. The research findings also suggest that 25% of bidders bid for the value range of 0-5% below the Engineers’ Estimate while only 13.85% of bidders in case of E-bidding bid for the same range. The researcher believes that the findings of this study are useful for reviewing the existing provision of public procurement system. This also supports the conviction that more constructive roles has to be played in public procurement of infrastructure projects by local governments in Newly Constituted Federal Structure of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":267306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture","volume":"68 s97","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132359050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice of Concrete Production in Gaindakot Municipality, Nepal","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.24321/2456.9925.202001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202001","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is one of the most used construction materials. Quality of concrete depends upon its ingredients and workmanship. The paper aims to assess the practice of concrete production and knowledge among practitioners regarding concreting at Gaidakot municipality which relies on manual concrete production. Only 30 under-construction houses in 10 wards of the Municipality were selected purposively for observation of concrete practice as field-based empirical research. A structured questionnaire was surveyed as scheduled with 30 practitioners (10 mixer operator, 10 ingredients pourer and 10 vibrator operator) and intensive observation by the researcher were recorded to analyze the practice for concrete production. It was found none of the respondents was aware of concreting code of NBC. They had not attended any training to practice NBC of Nepal. Similarly, the majority of practitioners learned about the method of concreting through experience or coworkers by observing at sites during work. However, 77% of them responded that the process of concreting was good. Similarly, there were a lot of problems in workmanship. Quality in ingredients was not taken in due consideration and dosage of ingredients varies from batch to batch and placement was done in segment wise for slab and beam. Compaction as well as curing was inadequate. Lack of formal education, inadequate guidance and training, proper skill and knowledge about NBC of Nepal among the workers involved directly in concrete production was making concrete production inconsistent and uncontrolled. The study will be significant for quality resident building construction by ensuring the effective implementation of building code, which is the minimum standard, the skill-oriented training and continuous supervision from the concerned local municipality.","PeriodicalId":267306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115297253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidding Trends of Contracts based on Types and Sizes of Projects under Road Divisions Butwal and Shivapur","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.24321/2456.9925.201905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.201905","url":null,"abstract":"The Purpose of the research is to analyze the existing bidding trends & relation between number of bidders, estimated amount with three types and three sizes of projects at Road Division Butwal and Shivapur. Bidding data of four consecutive fiscal years starting from 072/73 of two Road Divisions were analyzed. Low bidding trend was identified in overall using average percentage below as threshold and analysis was also done using average number of bidders for competitive bids. Research revealed that 34.58, 19.81 & 29.53 % below engineer’s estimate in Butwal and 25.71, 26.67 & 23.50 % below were found in Shivapur Division respectively for general road works, structural works & maintenance works and also the threshold for low bids. Similarly, average number of bidders only 40%, 36% bids was found as competitive bids, whereas 60% & 53.44% bids were low bids respectively in Butwal and Shivapur Divisions.Likewise 24.17, 34.77 & 31 % below and 25.15, 24.72, 27.5% below were found for Size 1, Size 2, Size 3 of Butwal & Shivapur respectively. Maximum number of contracts was found at 20-35% below for both divisions. Significant effect of number of bidder is seen in low bidding. Improvement in existing bid awarding system with extra qualification criteria should be focused by assigning weight in monitory term, asking method of statement and assurancefor project performances of project before implementation. This research would be useful for those who are involving in policy making and governing agencies like Public Procurement Monitoring Office and for making necessary amendment in existing rules. \u0000How to cite this article: Bahadur KCM, Mishra AK. Bidding Trends of Contracts based on Types and Sizes of Projects under Road Divisions Butwal and Shivapur. J Adv Res Const Urban Arch 2019; 4(3&4): 7-16. \u0000DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.201905","PeriodicalId":267306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129124181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of Affordable Housing Construction Management in Nepal","authors":"Madhav Prasad Koirala","doi":"10.24321/2456.9925.201901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.201901","url":null,"abstract":"Affordable housing infrastructures refer to both the physical product and the process of its attainment. The importance of people in housing is recognized not when housing complies with municipality by laws, but when low economic level of people live in it and is acceptable in a community too. There is great potential for construction management improvement during construction process of affordable housing infrastructures. It is also important the quality and to continuous quality improvement. The objective was to establish challenges facing affordable housing infrastructures in developing countries like Nepal with examine the construction management and client’s satisfaction in housing infrastructures and to make aware regarding the amenities provided in the housing infrastructures, the detail literature review was done as per the objective of the research, in Methodology part, the prominent expert’s opinions are incorporated insights on a particular research. This way asked expert’s opinions and receive the high-quality data needed to better understand the research. The regulator body needs to make policy and take action without delay, since to have own affordable housing is the fundamental right of Nepali people as per Nepal’s constitution. To achieve it, the regulator body need encouragement to the professional construction managers for providing housing infrastructures including basic amenities is the opportunity of Nepalese.","PeriodicalId":267306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124198292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Assessment in Construction of Gautam Buddha International Airport","authors":"Anjay Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.24321/2456.9925.201903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.201903","url":null,"abstract":"Risk is possibility of occurrence of negative or adverse effects that lead exclusively to damage or loss in a project. Since Risk Management approach has not been applied in Gautam Buddha International Airport, the identified issues and uncertainties that are impacting negatively in the progress of the project are operationally defined as risk. The objective of this paper is to identify the risk factors during construction of the airport, and rank them on the basis of the scores they obtain. The main Research methodology applied here is literature study and the Key Informant Interview. On the basis of literature review and consultation with experts, 14 Risks Categories and 96 Risk Factors were listed. Key Informant Interviews were conducted with 35 people from the Employer, Consultant and Contractor. Each Risk Factor was given scores for their severity and frequency of occurrence, followed by calculation of final Risk Score using Risk Matrix. Out of 96 risk factors, it was found 33 significant risk from employer’s perspective, 41 significant risk from consultant perspective and 72 significant risk from contractor’s perspective. The degree of agreement between all the three parties were tested using Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient and Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance. Risk factors associated with Design, Specification, Estimation and Scheduling are found to be the highly significant risk factors.","PeriodicalId":267306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128761425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Street Vending on the Lives of Vendors and on Urban Space","authors":"M. Karna","doi":"10.24321/2456.9925.201902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.201902","url":null,"abstract":"The heavy influx of migrants is not fully integrated to formal economy leading towards a situation where a large number of people are forced to earn through informal sector. Street vending has been found increasing and has impacted positively on people’s livelihoods in urban areas, like Kathmandu. Lack of allocation of space, however, has caused the people involved in informal sector to occupy public spaces thereby laying both positive and negative effects on the urban space. In this context, the present study explores how street vending intervenes with the urban space. Urban Space in this sense has been dealt with in reference to Kelvin Lynch who argues that people in urban situations orient themselves by means of mental maps consisting of five elements; (1) paths: routes along which people move throughout the city; (2) edges: boundaries and breaks in continuity; (3) districts: areas characterized by common characteristics; (4) nodes: strategic focus points for orientation like squares and junctions; and (5) landmarks: external points of orientation, usually a easily identifiable physical object in the urban landscape. Although Kelvin Lynch’s elements of mental maps is about how people in urban situations orient themselves in urban situations and about imageability, this study actually perceives those spaces rather physically. Thus, this research attempts to study the positive and negative effects on the above listed elements of the city image. Also, it deals with the positive and negative effects on the livelihood aspects of street vendors.","PeriodicalId":267306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128762122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}