A Bridgehead to Africa最新文献

List of Tables 表格一览表

A Bridgehead to Africa Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.7591/9781501721717-001

T. Heppell

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A Bridgehead to Africa Pub Date : 1983-01-31 DOI: 10.1515/9781400853748.223

E. Davis

{"title":"Glossary of Arabic Words","authors":"E. Davis","doi":"10.1515/9781400853748.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400853748.223","url":null,"abstract":"ʿAuyūn (sing. ‘ayn): water sources or springs1 Aqḍīya (sing. qaḍāʾ): administrative divisions of the provinces ruled by the Ottoman Empire2 Bey: Ottoman title given to some governors in the Ottoman Empire3 Eyālet: largest administrative divisions in the Ottoman Empire4 Fatwa: legal opinion or learned interpretation by a qualified jurist or mufti given on issues pertaining to Islamic law5 Ḥāra: neighborhood. al-Ḥalfa (sparto or Cortaderia selloana): species of palms, grows in poor and very dry soil and very high temperatures in North Africa, among other places, leaves are thin (one-millimeter width) and can be one meter long, used in handicrafts like producing mats6 Ḥaṣīr (mats): made of the sparto (ḥalfa), made manually or with looms and used domestically to sit on7 Ḥenna: plant,which leaves are dried and used to dye hair, skin or fingernails as body art8 al-Ḥizb: political party. Eid al-Aḍḥa: Islamic festival two months after the fasting month of Ramaḍān, celebrated after Ḥaj9 Eid al-Fiṭr: Islamic festival, celebrated immediately after the fasting month of Ramaḍān, there are special prayers at this festival that gathers all Muslims together10 Jihad: armed struggle to defend Islam, whether in a territorial or ideological sense11 al-Jihādiyya: tax imposed by the Ottoman Empire used to cover the expenses of jihad, at the beginning temporary, later continued to be permanently taken from local people in all Ottoman provinces and territories12 al-Jinn: supernatural creatures Kalīm (mats): thicker than ḥaṣīr because they are made of wool and used to cover the walls or the ground to be protected from humidity13","PeriodicalId":263932,"journal":{"name":"A Bridgehead to Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121730713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Appendix 附录

A Bridgehead to Africa Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110685015-010

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List of Pictures 图片列表

A Bridgehead to Africa Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3726/978-3-653-04745-5/10

Polycarp Africanus

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Index 指数

A Bridgehead to Africa Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110685015-011

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1 European Colonial Ambitions and Economic Expansions of the Reich (1884–1918) 1欧洲殖民野心和德意志帝国的经济扩张(1884-1918)

A Bridgehead to Africa Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110685015-002

{"title":"1 European Colonial Ambitions and Economic Expansions of the Reich (1884–1918)","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110685015-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110685015-002","url":null,"abstract":"This book investigates a rare topic in German imperial history: German engagement in the Ottoman province of Tripoli. It thus fills the important gap in the extensive literature on German imperialism with a specific focus: relations between Germany and the Ottoman provinces of Tripoli (Wilāyāt Ṭarābulis al-Ghārb) from 1884 to 1918. It also considers the political, economic, and institutional factors that influenced the relationships between Germany and Tripoli. This province was one of the North African provinces under the rule of the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1911. This book will also analyze as well the relationship between Germany and the Ottoman Empire, particularly in the light of events of more international significance that were taking place around the same time and influencing this relationship. The time period focused on in this book is from 1884 to 1918. This period has been selected for its essential relevance to the history of the relationship between the East and the West. The 18th and 19th centuries were characterized by an extension of European control outside the European continent;1 an enterprise that included what came to be known as the “scramble for Africa”.2 This period was also marked by the Industrial Revolution in Europe. The mechanization of the industrial sector that it brought about, as well as mass production of different products, led to enormous economic developments.3 Following these developments European powers began to search for markets for their products and for regions that would supply the raw materials required for the growing industries.4 In order to secure their access to these markets and raw materials, it was necessary to have the routes and the political control over these areas, either by entering into treaties with the original landowners or by the imposition of direct political and military control. The expansion outside Europe was rooted in these specific needs, which took on both a political and economic char-","PeriodicalId":263932,"journal":{"name":"A Bridgehead to Africa","volume":"24 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123564718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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5 German-Ottoman Rapprochement Policy and its Impact in Libya during World War I (1914–1918) 第一次世界大战期间德国与奥斯曼帝国的和解政策及其对利比亚的影响(1914-1918)

A Bridgehead to Africa Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110685015-006

{"title":"5 German-Ottoman Rapprochement Policy and its Impact in Libya during World War I (1914–1918)","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110685015-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110685015-006","url":null,"abstract":"The German-Ottoman policy of rapprochement and its impact on the situation in Tripoli during World War I (1914–1918) starts with a different approach of the German and Ottoman policy toward Britain and France and their ambitions in the Mediterranean. This is a significant turning point in international politics. Therefore, it is important to examine the German position toward the Libyan jihad, with special emphasis on German motives and goals in supporting the Ottoman Empire, and the presence of Germany in Libya. This was after an explicit announcement by Germany that it would play a more active role in the political developments of the country by supporting the Libyan national movements. Here, they concentrated their support on two main currents of nationalism; the movement headed by Ramaḍān al-Swīḥlī (1879–1920) and Sulaymān al-Bārūnī in the west, and the al-Sanūsīyya in the east.1 Sulaymān al-Bārūnī, who came from a relatively distinguished family and represented the area of the Western Mountains, tried to organize a force to oppose the Italian landings, but did not receive the support of the Ottoman government.2 Germany supported the Ottoman Empire in the revival of its influence in Libya. This development led to the declaration of war against the British in Egypt in 1915 according to the German-Ottoman geostrategic project that aimed to weaken the power of the British in the Mediterranean, maining battles of the Ottoman war against the British in Egypt. An examination of the German policy toward Libya at the end of the First World War in 1918, and an analysis of how this was reflected in international developments on the orientation of the policy in Libya is to be understood in the light on what was going on in this part of Africa. How the defeat of Germany and the Ottoman Empire in World War I led them to abandon their project in Libya and the region?","PeriodicalId":263932,"journal":{"name":"A Bridgehead to Africa","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127721359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Frontmatter

A Bridgehead to Africa Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110685015-fm

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Acknowledgments 致谢

A Bridgehead to Africa Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110685015-012

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List of Maps 地图一览表

A Bridgehead to Africa Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110685015-015

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