Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings最新文献

{"title":"Coastal natural hazards analysis of risk exposures","authors":"J. Yeend","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634363","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, natural hazards have played a major role in directing coastal and waterfront development. During the past decade, the authors have been given a wake-up call by earthquakes in Kobe, Japan; Taiwan; and during the World Series in San Francisco; not to mention hurricanes such as Iniki in Hawaii, Hugo in South Carolina and Andrew in Dade County, Florida. Additional hazards include tsunamis, tornadoes, flooding, volcanoes and extreme winds. Coastal and waterfront infrastructure and development are typically more susceptible to damage and destruction from natural hazards than inland facilities. Because of this, higher limits of insurance coverage are desirable and sometimes mandated by lending institutes or bonding companies. Insurance premiums for waterfront and coastal facilities have skyrocketed due to the high risk of exposure. This paper will present a procedure to analyze the risk of waterfront and coastal facilities in relation to natural hazards such as hurricanes, tropical storms, floods, tornadoes, lightning, earthquakes, and extreme winds. The analysis will assist persons responsible for waterfront facilities, such as ports and marine terminals, in making sound decisions regarding levels of insurance coverage for various assigned risks. A case study is included.","PeriodicalId":259593,"journal":{"name":"Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115032215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea trials of AUV \"R-One Robot\" equipped with a closed cycle diesel engine system","authors":"T. Ura, T. Obara","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1997.624125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.624125","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the outline of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) called \"R-One Robot\", which is equipped with an air-independent power (AIP) system of a Closed Cycle Diesel Engine (CCDE) for one-day survey, and the results of its sea trials. In August 1996, sea trials of the robot were successfully conducted in the Pacific Ocean about 30 km off Tanabe City, Wakayama Prefecture. In one sea trial, the robot dived for 20 km in 4 hours, passing through 6 waypoints in turn at different depth. The maximum diving depth was 150 m. Through the sea trials, it is confirmed that the CCDE is a suitable and reliable AIP system for long-range AUVs and the R-One Robot can repeatedly cruise for 120 km only by putting fuel oil and liquified oxygen, and changing the carbon dioxide absorbent. The results indicate that the R-One Robot will be not only used for the survey of the seabed but also used as a stable platform for the various and continuous measurement of the properties of middle layer sea water.","PeriodicalId":259593,"journal":{"name":"Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115099423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-linear phase-only algorithm for active sonar signal processing","authors":"F. Chan, E. Rabe","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634416","url":null,"abstract":"In highly reverberant environments the standard signal processing chain for wideband active sonar may be improved by using a phase-only filter to perform replica correlation. Because of the significant distortion of the signal magnitude spectrum, the phase-only filter performs better in such adverse conditions.","PeriodicalId":259593,"journal":{"name":"Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122326154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from the first deployment of the BASS Rake field prototype","authors":"A. Morrison","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634418","url":null,"abstract":"The BASS Rake is an acoustic travel time current meter designed to make spatially and temporally dense velocity profile measurements in the continental shelf wave bottom boundary layer. The thinness of the layer is responsible for high levels of bottom shear stress which are important contributors to the sediment entrainment process and which enhance turbulent dissipation of flow energy. The BASS Rake is a modification of BASS, the Benthic Acoustic Stress Sensor, using a new geometry to image flow in the WBBL. A laboratory prototype has previously demonstrated the features and near bed capabilities of the new design. The field prototype described was constructed with standard BASS components to evaluate the measurement technique and the performance of the support frame in the near shore zone. The field prototype measures the horizontal velocity vector at ten heights from the bottom up to 30 cm above the bottom. The results of tow tank calibration and cosine response measurements are presented. After calibration the field prototype was deployed in 3 m of water immediately outside the surf zone of a local beach. Profiles were recorded continuously at 1 Hz for approximately 3.5 weeks in December of 1996. This period includes both calm and storm conditions. Selected data from this deployment are presented.","PeriodicalId":259593,"journal":{"name":"Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129149440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multispectral images error correction","authors":"E. Piazza","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634325","url":null,"abstract":"The present work mainly deals with the error correction in multispectral remote sensed images transmitted from satellite to ground by digital channels. Images can be corrected on the basis of the average value in the neighborhood but, sometimes, this destroys some useful information about small areas where conditions could be very different from the surroundings, for examples, little fires or lakes. The basic idea is to use the knowledge of the other bands to correct the errors present in one of them. It is possible to find out a relationship between pixels close one each other in such a way it is possible to say there is a certain degree of correlation within pixels belonging to the same band in a close neighbourhood. The coefficients of this relationship are, in turn, quite probably, similar to the ones calculated in one of the other bands, when the bands are in spectral windows close one each other.","PeriodicalId":259593,"journal":{"name":"Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129490565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The navigation system of an autonomous underwater vehicle for Antarctic exploration","authors":"M. Uliana, F. Andreucci, B. Papalia","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634397","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the Italian Scientific Program for Antarctica an underwater vehicle is being developed that will be capable of operating autonomously for many hours under the Antarctic shelf or in sea areas covered by floating ice blocks. The vehicle must therefore carry a navigation system satisfying severe constraints on accuracy, size, and power consumption. During navigation the vehicle cannot use low-cost systems such as magnetic compasses (ineffective near the Earth poles), GPSs (which cannot be used underwater), or acoustic transponders (because of the long range of the missions). To estimate its own heading and position, the vehicle can only exploit measurements of acceleration, rotation rate, and velocity. The optimal integration of inertial and velocity measurements is accomplished by using a Kalman filter for correcting the effect of the biases of the inertial sensors (which would cause relevant long-term position errors) by exploiting a velocity measurement. Conceptually, the filter blends the high-frequency components of the inertial estimation with the low-frequency components of the velocity measurement, giving a long-term position estimation that is much more accurate than that obtainable using only accelerometers. A Doppler-dumped inertial navigation system has been developed using the recently available subsystems and implementing innovative signal processing techniques, obtaining a satisfactory trade-off between reliability, cost, accuracy, size, and power requirements. The inertial sensors (three accelerometers and three ring laser gyroscopes) are packaged in a small-size and relatively low cost, strap-down inertial unit. The velocimeter is a compact low-power Doppler sonar specifically designed for underwater vehicles. Signal processing is implemented on a general purpose computer having small space and power requirements. The performance of the Kalman filter was optimized by using the \"indexing\" technique, which consists of periodically rotating the inertial unit to increase the observability of the Kalman filter states and thus improve the correction of the biases of the inertial measurements. In the paper, the navigation system is described and its performance analyzed, showing the effectiveness of the indexing technique in improving the Kalman filter performance both in convergence speed and in estimation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":259593,"journal":{"name":"Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129490806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring wave height and direction using upward-looking ADCPs","authors":"E. Terray, R. Gordon, B. Brumley","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634377","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present wave directional spectra obtained using a conventional broadband acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and compare their observations with data collected using the Field Research Facility's pressure gauge array at Duck North Carolina. Spectral computations are based on the maximum likelihood method. Comparisons include frequency-height spectra, directional spectra and computed parameters including significant height, peak period and peak direction. The authors conclude that the ADCP data compare well with the observations by the pressure gauge array.","PeriodicalId":259593,"journal":{"name":"Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130390304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive 3D tools for pipeline route planning","authors":"M. Paton, L. Mayer, C. Ware","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1997.624169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.624169","url":null,"abstract":"With their ability to efficiently provide high-resolution bathymetry with complete coverage over wide swaths of the seafloor, multibeam sonars are increasingly becoming a standard tool for the planning of marine engineering projects such as pipelines and communication cables. In addition to high-resolution bathymetry, most modem multibeam sonar systems also provide sonar backscatter data, an indicator of surficial texture or material type. These data sets are combined with high-resolution seismic, standard sidescan and ground truth (coring or geotechnical) data to allow the marine engineer to make optimal judgments about the route of a submarine pipeline or cable. Huge volumes of data are generated by the different survey systems, often running into hundreds of megabytes. Typically this data is only available to the engineer in the form of a paper atlas with each type of data presented separately. We present a suite of software tools (the Fledermaus Toolkit) designed to present data in a three dimensional visual format, allow its interactive exploration, and to quantitatively interrogate the data within the 3-D space for geographic information and other attributes (depth, gradients, etc.). Cable and pipeline routes are planned interactively by simply drawing the route on the seabed and adjusting the route as needed. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional views of the route are simultaneously available when necessary.","PeriodicalId":259593,"journal":{"name":"Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123940570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An environmental database for matched-field processing","authors":"G. Ebbeson, J.M. Ozard, P. Wort, G. Litchfield, C. Vigneron","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634444","url":null,"abstract":"Model-based acoustic signal processing techniques such as matched-field processing (MFP) have been shown to improve the detection and localization capability of active and passive sonar systems. At DREA/EDRD, an MFP-based software system called the Advanced Acoustic Signal Processor (AASP) is currently being developed in collaboration with contractors and researchers at universities. In a matched-field processor, signals measured at the hydrophone array are correlated with predicted signals (replicas) that are calculated by a full-field acoustic model for a given target position. In order to calculate the replica fields, the physical and acoustical properties of the environment along each propagation path connecting a candidate target position to the receiving array must be available to the acoustic model. Therefore, a fundamental component of the AASP system is an environmental database (EDB) from which the required oceanic and geoacoustical information can be retrieved efficiently. This paper describes the EDB component for the AASP that is being developed by EDRD for Arctic data through a contract with MDA.","PeriodicalId":259593,"journal":{"name":"Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114802709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Station keeping of an ROV using vision technology","authors":"K. N. Leabourne, S. Rock, S. D. Fleischer, R. Burton","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1997.634439","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will present the results of a demonstration of two degree-of-freedom automatic station keeping of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in an ocean environment using vision feedback. This work was done as a collaborative effort in vehicle control between the Aerospace Robotics Laboratory (ARL) and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Institute (MBARI). The results show how the transfer of technology from a testbed autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to an ocean-going ROV can be applied to the creation of pilot aids that reduce ROV pilot workload during certain tasks.","PeriodicalId":259593,"journal":{"name":"Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121960553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}