2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)最新文献

{"title":"Simulation-based development of a cognitive assistance system for Navy ships","authors":"E. Ozyurt, B. Doring, F. Flemisch","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523819","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive technology can support increasingly complex missions, but with increasingly complex and even cognitive technology, the inner and outer compatibility with the human becomes more and more important. In combat information centres (CIC) of Navy ships operational data about objects in the environment are processed in a complex command and control cycle. Due to different task domains and an increasing performance of both modern sensors and data transfer, the command and control processes are characterized by high complexity that might affect the operators' workload and consequently the error rate in the workflow. One approach to improve this situation may be the use of assistance systems. In addition, the lack of competency and skills or the absence of the qualified operators caused by demographic changes will make assistance systems indispensable in the future. In a simulation study a cognitive assistance system (COGAS) is being developed for supporting the crew, and especially the decision maker, of a CIC during air target identification. COGAS contains two supporting modules called cognitive units, which are combined to fulfill its support functions by means of flexible automation. Both cognitive units are based on Rasmussen's Decision Ladder which describes the behavior of well-trained and motivated operators controlling complex dynamic systems. This article outlines the functional structure of COGAS and its cognitive units. Both units contain a memory of a-priori knowledge, a memory of present situation knowledge, and activities for processing data. The structure of supporting cognitive units, which comprise modules of the relevant system environment and system goals, as well as possible system tasks and actions, is described in some detail. In order to simulate CIC working processes with or without COGAS, we utilized the Integrated Performance Modeling Environment (IPME). IPME provides model components which represent the activities of the system, COGAS and the operator in the form of task networks. IPME also helps to analyze human performance in highly complex systems and provides models for determining operator workload. This paper describes the development of COGAS components and their IPME implementation.","PeriodicalId":243766,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132763762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using tactile displays to maintain situational awareness during driving","authors":"M. Howard, R. Sundareswara, Mike Daily, Rajan Bhattacharyya, S. Kaplan, T. Mundhenk, Craig Lee, Howard Neely","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523852","url":null,"abstract":"We present a system to reduce the decay of situational awareness when the driver of a vehicle is distracted by a secondary task like texting. According to Wickens' Multiple Resource Theory, the driver can attend to the under-used tactual modality in parallel with the preoccupied visual modality. Charron and Koechlin found that under dual-tasking conditions, the executive function of each task is located in a different part of frontal cortex. We expand on that theory based on brain anatomy, and propose that these two areas are both active but with different qualities of access to cognitive resources. Based on these theories, we employ tactile arrays to represent the local traffic situation to the driving task, when the driver is occupied with a distracting secondary task. We describe our cognitive model and the design of the tactile display, and show results of predictions of time to return to vigilant driving from a secondary task with and without the tactual modality inputs.","PeriodicalId":243766,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115077577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rule-based platform for situation management","authors":"I. Pereira, P. D. Costa, João Paulo A. Almeida","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523827","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a platform for situation management, which supports the development of situation-aware applications by offering (i) design artifacts for situation type specification, and (ii) run-time support for situation lifecycle management (situation detection, which may involve composite situation pattern recognition and ultimately situation deactivation). Our approach leverages on JBoss Drools engine (and its integrated Complex Event Processing platform) and enhances its functionality to natively support rule-based situation-awareness. Our platform allows rule-based situation specification (and further situation lifecycle management) by means of a simple rule pattern. We exemplify our situation-based development approach with an application scenario in the public health domain, in which situation types for detecting and monitoring suspicious cases of tuberculosis are specified as situation rules. The specified rules are then deployed and situation detection is managed by the proposed rule-based situation platform.","PeriodicalId":243766,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131720711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing situation awareness in power system control centers","authors":"M. Panteli, D. Kirschen, P. Crossley, D. Sobajic","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523855","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the growing size and complexity of modern grids, power system operators have to deal with several challenges to maintain the reliability of the electrical supply. Developing and maintaining a sufficient situation awareness is a key element in preserving this reliability. However, because numerous factors govern its formation in a power system control center, this can be a very complicated process. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the impact of insufficient situation awareness on power systems operational reliability and provide an overview of best practices in supporting human operators. It first identifies the main sources of inadequate situation awareness in a control room, and then presents its impact on operational decision-making. Several measures for dealing with the problems related to situation awareness are discussed and their applicability to power systems is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":243766,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125029862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SA-Tracer: A tool for assessment of UAV swarm operator SA during mission execution","authors":"Florian Frische, A. Lüdtke","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523849","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance of Situation Awareness (SA) during supervision of a swarm of highly autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is a complex and visually demanding process. A solution for supporting UAV operators are Intelligent SA-Adaptive Interfaces (ISAAI), which dynamically adapt to the individual SA needs of operators. However, the successful deployment of ISAAIs depends on a suitable tool for assessing operator SA during mission execution. In this paper we present the tool SA-Tracer. SA-Tracer implements a formal situation model and analyses the scanning behaviour of UAV swarm operators in order to infer and assess SA on a formal basis. We present results of a first experiment performed in order to evaluate the suitability of SA-Tracer for the intended context of use and the validity of SA assessments produced by the tool.","PeriodicalId":243766,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122596557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting anomalous network traffic in organizational private networks","authors":"Risto Vaarandi","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523859","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade, network monitoring and intrusion detection have become essential techniques of cyber security. Nowadays, many institutions are using advanced solutions for detecting malicious network traffic, discovering network anomalies, and preventing cyber attacks. However, most research in this area has not been conducted specifically for organizational private networks, and their special properties have not been considered. In this paper, we first present a study of traffic patterns in a corporate private network, and then propose two novel algorithms for detecting anomalous network traffic and node behavior in such networks.","PeriodicalId":243766,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115970397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstraction and intent through an autonomics framework","authors":"D. Lange","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523835","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomic control systems provide self-management capabilities to networks using closed-loop controllers. The Rainbow framework from Carnegie Mellon University is an example of such a capability that uses an ability to reason on and manipulate a formal model of the network architecture to decide what changes to make in response to the situation. Probes and gauges feed the reasoning capability. These probes and gauges can provide some situational awareness to both systems and human controllers, but at a low level of abstraction making it difficult to gain an understanding of the status of a large network of complex systems. We believe that a side effect of utilizing an autonomic framework is enhanced situational awareness at a higher level of abstraction. This paper describes work in progress to develop gauges for Rainbow that incorporate machine learning to allow for early recognition of situation changes. It also describes how the use of strategy selection not only allows the network to adapt, but also to inform situational awareness.","PeriodicalId":243766,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134355797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive sensing for distributed behavioral biometrics","authors":"Qi Hao","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523829","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a cognitive sensing framework that enables tracking and identification of individuals' behavioral biometrics through thermal, pressure, photonic, acoustic, and laser sensors. Besides low cost, those sensors can produce sparse behavioral biometric data that can be analyzed quickly. To achieve this goal, we will develop: (1) a set of cognitive capabilities for sensing systems, such as spatial, data, context, and group awareness; (2) a multi-agent architecture for system operation and adaptation that enables heterogeneous sensors to achieve consensus in behavior analysis; and (3) a set of tools for situation understanding, cross-layer adaptation, and behavior based collaboration. The developed computing infrastructure will enable research activities about behavioral biometrics based on low-cost, low-power, distributed platforms with a variety of sensing modalities. The developed cognitive sensing intelligence has great potentials to cope with the technical challenges in behavioral biometrics caused by long distances and crowded scenes.","PeriodicalId":243766,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131272758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User assistance by situational, task- and model-based process information filtering in interactive, semi-automated human-automation systems","authors":"M. Langer, D. Söffker","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523831","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the integration of users into technical systems becomes necessary due to reasons of automation concepts that are not capable of completely integrating process knowledge and manufacturing skills for full automation of technical processes. In such interactive, semi-automated systems human operators are facing a high amount of process information that need to be evaluated according to individual skills and knowledge to situational and necessary actions including the evaluation of alternatives etc. In order to benefit from human abilities of information fusion and sophisticated comprehension of process coherence in complexity gaining environments, integrated approaches as framework for guiding and supervision assistance systems of semi-automated, technical systems can be developed. Thereby, the advantage of having an uniform description of the entire, interactive system (consisting of human, machine, and technical process) as framework allows the implementation of methods for a situational, task-oriented assessment of existing information and corresponding filtering, respectively. The resulting reduced set of process-relevant information allows the human operator to focus during the decision making process and supports maintaining process reliability and quality. In this contribution, recent modeling approaches of Human-Automation-Interaction, e.g. Message-based Part State Graphs [1] or Enriched Labeled Transition Systems [2] are discussed with respect to their ability of being suitable to serve as framework and are compared to the Situation-Operator-Model (SOM) introduced by [3]. Using the SOM approach, considered interactive processes can be represented by a set of situations defined by characteristics connected through operators representing (human or technical) actions. Tasks are described by defining final situations that need to be reached and process information are fused to a situation vector representing the actual state of the entire system. Suitable information is identified by comparison of differences in future situations and used for the detection of valuable information with respect to the defined (sub)task. The hierarchical task analysis [4] of a semi-automated molding process using No-Bake-Technique is additional discussed as an illustrative application example that is completely mapped into the SOM-framework. Furthermore, the results of a user study of selected functionality of the developed process guiding and supervision assistance system are presented.","PeriodicalId":243766,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114439921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trusting smartphone Apps? To install or not to install, that is the question","authors":"Martin Kuehnhausen, V. Frost","doi":"10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2013.6523820","url":null,"abstract":"Smartphones are becoming the mobile hubs of information for many people and companies. What started as a way to provide users with the flexibility of installing small software components called Apps to enhance the usability of their phone has grown into a global market with hundreds of thousands of applications built by thousands of developers. However, while there are plenty of well established companies developing useful applications or entertaining games there is no easy way to differentiate them from companies that put users at risk or worse are directly distributing malware or spyware. One attribute that is often used in distinguishing “good” Apps from “bad” ones are their ratings. Nevertheless, research has shown that this can prove to be an unreliable metric, especially in cases with low rating counts. Reviews are also supposed to provide the user with an assessment of an App's trustworthiness by real people. However, fake reviews written by collaborators of the developer or the developer himself are common to boost an App's ranking. How is the average user able to distinguish between real and fake reviews? Finally, Apps run inside a security sandbox and need permissions to interact with the smartphone and the data stored on it. The problem is that users are usually not aware of what specific permissions mean or why they need to be granted. In this paper we present a trustworthiness assessment model for Apps that takes into consideration these factors as well as others to provide the user with an indication of whether an App can be trusted and if so why. Furthermore, the model incorporates various relations between Apps and we discuss whether or not they should have an impact on the individual App's assessment. The research demonstrates that in order to make a decision to install an App one has to consider more than just App information and look into its associated meta data as well.","PeriodicalId":243766,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128934535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}