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1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams最新文献

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Fast magnetic field penetration into an intense neutralized ion beam 快速磁场穿透到强烈的中和离子束
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams Pub Date : 1992-05-25 DOI: 10.2172/7275753
R. Armale, N. Rostoker
{"title":"Fast magnetic field penetration into an intense neutralized ion beam","authors":"R. Armale, N. Rostoker","doi":"10.2172/7275753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/7275753","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments involving propagation of neutralized ion beams1 across a magnetic field indicate a magnetic field penetration time determined by the Hall resistivity rather than the Spitzer or Pedersen resistivity. In magnetohydrodynamics the Hall current is negligible because electrons and ions drift together in response to an electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field. For a propagating neutralized ion beam, the ion orbits are completely different from the electron orbits and the Hall current must be considered. There would be no effect unless there is a component of magnetic field normal to the surface2 which would usually be absent for a good conductor. It is necessary to consider electron inertia and the consequent penetration of the normal component to a depth c/ωp. In addition it is essential to consider a component of magnetic field parallel to the velocity of the beam which may be initially absent, but is generated by the Hall effect. The penetration time is determined by whistler waves rather than diffusion.","PeriodicalId":241775,"journal":{"name":"1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115858917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental studies of a microsecond plasma opening switch in the positive polarity regime 微秒等离子体正极性开启开关的实验研究
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams Pub Date : 1992-05-25 DOI: 10.1063/1.350471
V. Bystritskii, I. Lisitsyn, Y. Krasik
{"title":"Experimental studies of a microsecond plasma opening switch in the positive polarity regime","authors":"V. Bystritskii, I. Lisitsyn, Y. Krasik","doi":"10.1063/1.350471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.350471","url":null,"abstract":"Positive polarity regime of microsecond plasma opening switch (MPOS) was investigated at the DOUBLE generator (480 kV, 300 kA, 1.3 μβ). The measurements of the ion flow parameters showed the considerable enhancement of the ion current density over the thermal flow in the conduction phase. Ion losses reached more than 80% of the full energy losses in MPOS operating on the inductive load. The positive polarity MPOS operation proved to be more critical to the stored current amplitudes and electrode diameters. On one hand, the magnetic field strength should be more than 1 T on the outer cathode surface, on the other hand, the interelectrode gap should be big enough to avoid the secondary plasma influence to the switch performance. The problems of MPOS-diode load coupling are discussed.","PeriodicalId":241775,"journal":{"name":"1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116307977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Electron beam diodes using ferroelectric cathodes 电子束二极管使用铁电阴极
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams Pub Date : 1992-05-25 DOI: 10.1063/1.353062
J. Ivers, L. Schachter, J. Nation, G. Kerslick
{"title":"Electron beam diodes using ferroelectric cathodes","authors":"J. Ivers, L. Schachter, J. Nation, G. Kerslick","doi":"10.1063/1.353062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.353062","url":null,"abstract":"A new high current density electron source is investigated. The source consists of a polarized ceramic disk with aluminium electrodes coated on both faces. The front electrode is etched in a periodic grid to expose the ceramic beneath. A rapid change in the polarization state of the ceramic results in the emission of a high density electron cloud into a 1 to 10mm diode gap. The anode potential is maintained by a charged transmission line. Some of the emitted electrons traverse the gap and an electron current flows. The emitted electron current has been measured as a function of the gap spacing and the anode potential. Current densities in excess of 70 A/cm2 have been measured. The current is found to vary linearly with the anode voltage for gaps <; 10 mm, and exceeds the Child-Langmuir current by at least two orders of magnitude. The experimental data will be compared with predictions from a model based on the emission of a cloud of electrons from the ferroelectric which in turn reflex in the diode gap.","PeriodicalId":241775,"journal":{"name":"1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127308208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
Ion beam divergence from unstable fluctuations in applied-B diodes 应用b二极管中不稳定波动引起的离子束发散
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams Pub Date : 1992-05-25 DOI: 10.1063/1.860901
R. Sudan, D. Longcope
{"title":"Ion beam divergence from unstable fluctuations in applied-B diodes","authors":"R. Sudan, D. Longcope","doi":"10.1063/1.860901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.860901","url":null,"abstract":"An electron plasma oscillation driven unstable by ion streaming is identified with the low frequency mode observed in QUICKSILVER numerical simulations. This mode heats the electrons along the magnetic field and is ultimately stabilized by the thermal spread. A quasilinear theory determines the saturation level of the fluctuations, the ion divergence, and the ion energy and momentum spread as they exit the diode. The ion divergence is predicted to be independent of the ion mass for fixed diode voltage and scales as the product of the effective gap and the ion beam enhancement factor over Child Langmuir current.","PeriodicalId":241775,"journal":{"name":"1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116213638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Cyclotron autoresonance masers: Recent experiments and projects 回旋自共振脉泽:最近的实验与计画
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams Pub Date : 1992-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/00207219208925628
V. Bratman, G. Denisov, S. Samsonov
{"title":"Cyclotron autoresonance masers: Recent experiments and projects","authors":"V. Bratman, G. Denisov, S. Samsonov","doi":"10.1080/00207219208925628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207219208925628","url":null,"abstract":"The cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM) is one of the promising modifications of free-electron masers (FEM) operated at the millimeter and submillimeter waves. In this range CARM requires particle energies significantly lower than for the ubitron, and magnetic fields smaller than those for the gyrotron. The CARM is considered as a possible source of coherent millimeter wavelength radiation with large average (continuous) power for plasma heating in controlled fusion devices.","PeriodicalId":241775,"journal":{"name":"1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134620618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
The physics of "vacuum" breakdown “真空”击穿的物理学原理
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams Pub Date : 1992-05-25 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1993.593052
F. Schwirzke, M. P. Hallal, X. K. Maruyama
{"title":"The physics of \"vacuum\" breakdown","authors":"F. Schwirzke, M. P. Hallal, X. K. Maruyama","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1993.593052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1993.593052","url":null,"abstract":"The initial plasma formation on the surface of a cathode of a vacuum diode, vacuum arc, and many other discharges is highly non-uniform. Micron-sized cathode spots form within nanoseconds. Despite the fundamental importance of cathode spots for the breakdown process, their structure, and the source of the required high energy density were not well understood. When an increasing voltage is applied, enhanced field emission of electrons begins from a growing number of small spots or whiskers. This and the impact of ions stimulate desorption of weakly bound adsorbates from the surface of a whisker. The cross section for ionization of the neutrals has a maximum for ~ 100 eV electrons. As the diode voltage increases, the 100 V equipotential surface which moves towards the cathode is met by the desorbed neutrals moving away from the cathode. These two regions proceed from no overlap to a significant amount of overlap on a nanosecond time scale. This results in the sharp risetime for the onset of ionization. Ions produced in the ionization region, a few μm from the electron emitting spot are accelerated back. This bombardment with ~ 100 eV ions leads to surface heating of the spot. Since the ion energy is deposited only within a few atomic layers at a time instead of an entire whisker volume, and since the neutral contaminants are only loosely bound to the surface, the onset of breakdown by this mechanism requires much less current than the joule heating mechanism. Ion surface heating is initially orders of magnitude larger than joule heating. As more ions are produced, a positive space charge layer forms which enhances the electric field and thus strongly enhances the field emitted electron current. The localized build-up of plasma above the electron emitting spot then naturally leads to pressure and electric field distributions which ignite unipolar arcs. The high current density of the unipolar arc and the associated surface heating by ions provide the \"explosive\" formation of a cathode spot plasma.","PeriodicalId":241775,"journal":{"name":"1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133311413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High brightness hollow cathode electron beam source 高亮度空心阴极电子束源
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams Pub Date : 1992-05-25 DOI: 10.1063/1.44086
G. Kirkman, N. Reinhardt, B. Jiang, M. Gundersen, T. Hsu, R. Liou, R. Temkin
{"title":"High brightness hollow cathode electron beam source","authors":"G. Kirkman, N. Reinhardt, B. Jiang, M. Gundersen, T. Hsu, R. Liou, R. Temkin","doi":"10.1063/1.44086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.44086","url":null,"abstract":"An optically initiated hollow cathode electron source has been demonstrated to produce high brightness electron beams in a low pressure background gas. Three phases of beam production have been identified, first a 1A, 20nsec, 45keV, 10<sup>10</sup>A/m<sup>2</sup> rad<sup>2</sup> initial beam, second a 70A, 100nsec, 20keV, 10<sup>11</sup>A/m<sup>2</sup> rad<sup>2</sup> hollow cathode produced beam and third a 100A, steady state, 500eV superemissive cathode produced beam. An experimental characterization of the three beams is presented.","PeriodicalId":241775,"journal":{"name":"1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128671921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Particle driven inertial fusion through cluster ion beam 粒子驱动的簇离子束惯性核聚变
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams Pub Date : 1992-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-322-99736-4_38
C. Deutsch, N. Tahir
{"title":"Particle driven inertial fusion through cluster ion beam","authors":"C. Deutsch, N. Tahir","doi":"10.1007/978-3-322-99736-4_38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99736-4_38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":241775,"journal":{"name":"1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams","volume":"436 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116577827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical simulations of plasma dynamics in a microsecond plasma opening switch 微秒等离子体开启开关中等离子体动力学的数值模拟
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams Pub Date : 1992-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1992.697973
V. Bystritskii, I. Lisitsyn, A. A. Sinebryukhov
{"title":"Numerical simulations of plasma dynamics in a microsecond plasma opening switch","authors":"V. Bystritskii, I. Lisitsyn, A. A. Sinebryukhov","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1992.697973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1992.697973","url":null,"abstract":"The modified hydrodynamic approach is being used to study the characteristics of plasma motion due to magnetic pressure in plasma opening switch. The simulation code differs from the NRL counterpart with dividing of the plasma filled region into N sections and with using the experimentally measured current penetration parameters. The simulation of the switch opening phase is performed in terms of erosion mechanism of magnetically insulated vacuum gap forming. The code includes the circuit data which are regular for the DOUBLE generator operation regimes in the negative polarity of inner (potential) electrode. In the case of typical duration of the conduction phase (900 ns) the-minimum needed plasma density was found to be about 1015 cm. The best fit of conduction current amplitude vs plasma density is I ~ n0.23. The calculated characteristics of the switch opening phase were obtained to be very close to the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":241775,"journal":{"name":"1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130892815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High power imploding plasma por the X-ray laser 高功率内爆等离子体脉冲x射线激光器
1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams Pub Date : 1992-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0263034600008491
R. Baksht, I. Datsko, V. Kokshenev, A. Kim, A. V. Luchinski, V. Loskutov, V. Oreshkin, A. Russkich
{"title":"High power imploding plasma por the X-ray laser","authors":"R. Baksht, I. Datsko, V. Kokshenev, A. Kim, A. V. Luchinski, V. Loskutov, V. Oreshkin, A. Russkich","doi":"10.1017/S0263034600008491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263034600008491","url":null,"abstract":"The Al-Mg photoresonant X-ray laser scheme is investigated using collisional radiative model. It is g shown that monochromatic pump powers of 109 Wt are obtainable within the 48 A Al pump line. Experiments on Al-wire array implosion were carried out on the 1.2-1.5 MA GI-4 generator with a 1 cm separation between the plasma and the current return posts. The experimental output power in the region of λ=48 Å made up (1-2)·109 Wt/cm. The main K- and L-shell radiation yields from bright spots distributed 2-3 per cm. A simulation with the help of the collisional radiative model has demonstrated that the plasma temperature and density are 200 eV and 1020 cm-3, respectively. Two schemes of the creating of the pumped plasma were suggested.","PeriodicalId":241775,"journal":{"name":"1992 9th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127964471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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