{"title":"Working Under the Myth of the Black Rapist","authors":"Gordon Braxton","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 5 posits that the journey for Black boys adopting anti-violent perspectives is substantially different than that of their White peers because they must operate under negative tropes about their propensity for aggression: There is a belief that Black men have a special propensity for forcefully acting out their sexual desires on women. “The myth of the Black rapist” is identified as a term, and the author provides contemporary and historical evidence of its existence. Examples can be found in the criminal justice system and pornography. Chapter 5 reminds readers that caution in initiating sexual activity is an appropriate standard and closes with a challenge that Black men overcome historical stereotypes by becoming recognized advocates for anti-violence.","PeriodicalId":229745,"journal":{"name":"Empowering Black Boys to Challenge Rape Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133598909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Our Power to Harm","authors":"Gordon Braxton","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"We don’t talk to boys about sexual violence with the same intensity and regularity that we talk to girls. It’s no wonder, then, that many grow into men with limited understandings of how to ensure the safety of themselves and their partners. Chapter 7 provides a deeper dive into sexual misconduct policies. It identifies common misunderstandings that boys have of policies and provides some practical tips on how to correct those deficiencies. Particular emphasis is placed on the common understanding that alcohol usage absolves one from fault. The chapter also provides tips on how boys can better navigate a sexual arena where they perceive themselves to have a lot of risk. Chief among these tips is the suggestion that boys are free to hold themselves to standards that exceed what laws and policies expect of them.","PeriodicalId":229745,"journal":{"name":"Empowering Black Boys to Challenge Rape Culture","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116067194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining Media Representations of Black Manhood","authors":"Gordon Braxton","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 6 considers the “heroes” of Black boys and identifies some of the current and historical messages from entertainment media, with a particular focus on hip-hop and R&B music. The film industry is also discussed as a potential site where positive messaging can occur. The need to defend these heroes is examined, and discussion of their faults is presented as a window for having difficult conversations with boys. Informed by the social-ecological model, the chapter closes by asking about the appropriate standards to which celebrities should be held and challenging the reader to fill the moral voids vacated by media figures.","PeriodicalId":229745,"journal":{"name":"Empowering Black Boys to Challenge Rape Culture","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130949721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defining Manhood for Ourselves","authors":"Gordon Braxton","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 2 provides practical tips for starting conversations with boys about how they can help fight sexual violence. As a backdrop to this lesson, the author provides his own backstory and identifies protective factors that led him to reconsider his stance toward sexual violence. Readers are invited to consider which of these factors can be replicated for the boys they know, such as providing them with a community, a space to practice, and a personal invitation to help. Some common defenses held by boys are also identified so that readers can consider how to overcome them as they craft their own personalized methods of reaching out to boys.","PeriodicalId":229745,"journal":{"name":"Empowering Black Boys to Challenge Rape Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129783916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Becoming an Active Bystander","authors":"Gordon Braxton","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"If most men are nonviolent, why do they not stop violence around them from occurring? Chapter 8 introduces readers to the vibrant field of bystander intervention. Readers will learn the key tenets of bystander intervention strategies as well as their strengths and weaknesses. Most importantly, readers will gain an appreciation for the barriers that prevent boys from interrupting violence that they observe and strategize about how to overcome those barriers. The chapter also discusses whether jokes and “locker room talk” are worthy of interruption. Chapter 8 closes by identifying how boys can help survivors of sexual violence who disclose to them.","PeriodicalId":229745,"journal":{"name":"Empowering Black Boys to Challenge Rape Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127457041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finding a Home in a Global Movement","authors":"Gordon Braxton","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual violence has persisted across time and cultures and responsibility for its prevention has been firmly placed on women. Chapter 9 reminds readers that there is now a global movement aimed at ending sexual violence that is waiting on contributions from boys. The chapter urges incoming boys to seek out training so that they can best be integrated into existing strategies. A brief overview of existing resources is provided as well as some historical examples of Black men standing against sexual violence. Chapter 9 closes with a challenge that Black boys can be the missing ingredient in tipping cultural values against sexual violence.","PeriodicalId":229745,"journal":{"name":"Empowering Black Boys to Challenge Rape Culture","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134368575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Starting the Conversation","authors":"Gordon Braxton","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Helping boys stand against sexual violence is not a one-time event and requires a sustained conversation. Chapter 4 identifies some key complications that boys may face once they decide to share their voices so that caretakers can be prepared to help them through the process of adopting anti-violent perspectives. Particular emphasis is given to questioning the popular notion of defending alleged Black perpetrators as a default position for Black boys. Standing against violence is definitively pro-Black, as this chapter explains. The chapter also identifies the social justice ideologies held by many Black boys as a potential resiliency factor that can help them to adopt anti-violence perspectives.","PeriodicalId":229745,"journal":{"name":"Empowering Black Boys to Challenge Rape Culture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115322172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facing the Complications of Being an Anti-violent Man","authors":"Gordon Braxton","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The massive levels of sexual violence that are present today must have a source. Chapter 2 posits that male socialization is a primary contributor to male-perpetrated violence. Few would deny that a male socialization exists but it is rare to examine it. Readers are encouraged to help boys identify those aspects of manhood that negatively influence their lives, and the author shares some concerns about male cultures that boys have expressed to him. The toolbox for recruiters of boys is expanded as freedom from male stereotypes is suggested as a major selling point for boys that challenge traditional male training.","PeriodicalId":229745,"journal":{"name":"Empowering Black Boys to Challenge Rape Culture","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116496949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognizing a Public Health Crisis","authors":"Gordon Braxton","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571675.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"There is an epidemic of violence in America, but boys are trained to sit on the sidelines. This chapter introduces the reader to key definitions, such as sexual violence, as well as key concepts, such as consent and rape culture. It provides the scope of the identified violence and situates sexual violence as a public health concern. The chapter further explains why boys and men should care about this violence even though they are trained to ignore it. Boys, after all, know survivors and are survivors themselves in many cases. Boys are also positioned to reach other boys who possess problematic attitudes and behaviors. All violent men were once boys learning the ways of the world. Taken altogether, this chapter inspires readers to hold overdue conversations with boys about how they can help.","PeriodicalId":229745,"journal":{"name":"Empowering Black Boys to Challenge Rape Culture","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133974970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}