The Journal of school health最新文献

{"title":"Training needs in school health education research.","authors":"R. Gold, G. Gilbert, D. Levine","doi":"10.1080/00970050.1984.10614454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00970050.1984.10614454","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to review the history of professional preparation of health educators for the conduct of research, to present several major issues and problems related to school health education research, and to identify the characteristics of present training models. Despite the fact that health education can trace its origin to early in this century, it was not until 1953 that a formal statement on research competencies was formulated. Since that time, however, a great deal of activity has been identified. While several issues have been raised regarding research strategies and techniques used by health educators, current training models hold a great deal of promise for strengthening these efforts. The characteristics of such training models are described.","PeriodicalId":225843,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of school health","volume":"156 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114098942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in cigarette smoking among high school students--United States, 1991-2001.","authors":"","doi":"10.1001/jama.288.3.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.3.308","url":null,"abstract":"CIGARETTE SMOKING AMONG ADOLEScents is one of the 10 Leading Health Indicators that reflect the major health concerns in the United States. To examine changes in cigarette smoking among U.S. high school students during 1991-2001, CDC analyzed data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which found that although cigarette smoking rates increased during most of the 1990s, they have declined significantly since 1997. If this pattern continues, the United States could achieve the national health objective for 2010 of reducing current smoking rates among high school students to 16% (objective no. 27-2b). YRBS, a component of CDC’s Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, measures the prevalence of health risk behaviors among high school students through representative biennial national, state, and local surveys. The 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, and 2001 national surveys used independent three-stage cluster samples to obtain cross-sectional data representative of students in grades 9-12 in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. During 1991-2001, sample sizes ranged from 10,904 to 16,296, school response rates ranged from 70% to 79%, student response rates ranged from 83% to 90%, and overall response rates ranged from 60% to 70%. For each cross-sectional survey, students completed an anonymous, selfadministered questionnaire that included identically worded questions about cigarette smoking. For this report, three behaviors were assessed: lifetime smoking (defined as having ever smoked cigarettes, even one or two puffs), current smoking (defined as smoking on 1 of the 30 days preceding the survey), and current frequent smoking (defined as smoking on 20 of the 30 days preceding the survey). Data are presented only for nonHispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic students because the numbers of students from other racial/ ethnic populations were too small for meaningful analysis. Current smoking was analyzed among sex, racial/ ethnic, and grade subgroups. Data were weighted to provide national estimates, and SUDAAN was used for all data analysis. Temporal changes were analyzed using logistic regression analyses that assessed linear and quadratic time effects simultaneously and that controlled for sex, race/ ethnicity, and grade. Quadratic trends indicated a significant but nonlinear trend in the data over time. When a significant quadratic trend accompanied a significant linear trend, the data demonstrated some nonlinear variation (e.g., leveling off or change in direction) in addition to a linear trend. Significant linear and quadratic trends were detected for lifetime, current, and current frequent smoking. The prevalence of lifetime smoking, although stable through the 1990s, declined significantly from 70.4% in 1999 to 63.9% in 2001. The prevalence of current smoking increased from 27.5% in 1991 to 36.4% in 1997 and then declined significantly to 28.5% in 2001. Current freq","PeriodicalId":225843,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of school health","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114768403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco use among high school students--United States, 1997.","authors":"Carol M. Knowles Deborah A. Adams Willie J. Anderson Chr Trosclair","doi":"10.1001/jama.279.16.1250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.16.1250","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco Use Among High School Students — Continued Tobacco use is the single leading preventable cause of death in the United States (1). Approximately 80% of tobacco use occurs for the first time among youth aged <18 years (2), and the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescents increased during the early 1990s (3). To determine prevalence rates of cigarette, smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco or snuff), and cigar use for U.S. high school students, CDC analyzed data from the 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among U.S. high school students increased from 27.7% of students used cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, or cigars during the 30 days preceding the survey. YRBS, a component of CDC's Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (4), bienni-ally measures the prevalence of priority health-risk behaviors among youth through representative national, state, and local surveys. The 1997 national YRBS used a three-stage cluster sample design to obtain a representative sample of 16,262 students in grades 9–12 in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The school response rate was 79.1%, the student response rate was 87.2%, and the overall response rate was 69.0%. Data were weighted to provide national estimates, and SUDAAN ® (Software for the Statistical Analysis of Correlated Data) was used to calculate standard errors for determining 95% confidence intervals.* Students completed a self-administered questionnaire that included questions about cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and cigar use. Lifetime cigarette smokers were defined as students who had ever smoked cigarettes, even one or two puffs. Current cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and cigar users were defined as students who reported product use on ≥1 of the 30 days preceding the survey. Frequent cigarette use was defined as smoking cigarettes on ≥20 of the 30 days preceding the survey. Any current tobacco use was defined as use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, or cigars on ≥1 of the 30 days preceding the survey. Data are presented only for non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic students because the numbers of students from other racial/ethnic groups were too small for meaningful analysis. *Differences between prevalence estimates were considered statistically significant if the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by CDC and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.","PeriodicalId":225843,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of school health","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114802294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for school health programs to prevent tobacco use and addiction. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.).","authors":"S. M. Hewitt","doi":"10.4135/9781483346427.n59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483346427.n59","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S. Most daily smokers (82%) began smoking before age 18, and more than 3,000 young persons begin smoking each day. School programs designed to prevent tobacco use could become one of the most effective strategies available to reduce U.S. tobacco use. The following guidelines summarize school-based strategies most likely to be effective in preventing tobacco use among youth. They were developed by CDC in collaboration with experts from 29 national, federal, and voluntary agencies and with other leading tobacco-use prevention authorities to help school personnel implement effective tobacco-use prevention programs. These guidelines are based on an in-depth review of research, theory, and current practice in school-based tobacco-use prevention. The guidelines recommend that all schools: a) develop and enforce a school policy on tobacco use, b) provide instruction about the short-term and long-term negative physiologic and social consequences of tobacco use, social influences on tobacco use, peer norms regarding tobacco use, and refusal skills, c) provide K-12 tobacco-use prevention education, d) provide program-specific training for teachers, e) involve parents or families in support of school-based programs to prevent tobacco use, f) support cessation efforts among students and all school staff who use tobacco, and g) assess the tobacco-use prevention program at regular intervals.","PeriodicalId":225843,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of school health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125900596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing the School Physical Activity and Nutrition Environment Tool to Measure Qualities of the Obesogenic Context.","authors":"Deborah H. John, K. Gunter, J. Jackson, M. Manore","doi":"10.1111/josh.12348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12348","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Practical tools are needed that reliably measure the complex physical activity (PA) and nutrition environments of elementary schools that influence children's health and learning behaviors for obesity prevention. The School Physical Activity and Nutrition-Environment Tool (SPAN-ET) was developed and beta tested in 6 rural Oregon elementary schools.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Extension educators were trained to assess elementary school PA and nutrition environments using the SPAN-ET. Two auditors per school worked with school health stakeholders and collected data via document review, interviews, and direct observations. A reliability analysis using percent agreement and kappa statistics was performed to determine consistency between independent auditors. Content analyses of qualitative data were used to triangulate intercoder ratings, verify evidence, and improve reliability.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Across the 6 schools, for all 182 measured criteria (PA = 103; nutrition = 79), the percent agreement ranged from 80.8% to 96.8% and kappa from 0.61% to 0.94.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The SPAN-ET was a reliable instrument for assessing the quality of elementary school PA and nutrition environments, and a sensitive measure for objectively identifying specific attributes of SPAN-ET areas of interest to target for school environmental and policy improvements aimed at supporting students' obesity preventing behaviors.","PeriodicalId":225843,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of school health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118823932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical models for application in school health education research.","authors":"G. Parcel","doi":"10.1080/00970050.1984.10614451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00970050.1984.10614451","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical models that may be useful to research studies in school health education are reviewed. Selected, well-defined theories include social learning theory, problem-behavior theory, theory of reasoned action, communications theory, coping theory, social competence, and social and family theories. Also reviewed are multiple theory models including models of health related-behavior, the PRECEDE Framework, social-psychological approaches and the Activated Health Education Model. Two major reviews of teaching models are also discussed. The paper concludes with a brief outline of the general applications of theory to the field of school health education including applications to basic research, development and design of interventions, program evaluation, and program utilization.","PeriodicalId":225843,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of school health","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132375839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The President's message.","authors":"E. A. Neilson","doi":"10.1109/cjece.1990.6590942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cjece.1990.6590942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":225843,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of school health","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132393674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How we do it.","authors":"K.","doi":"10.1080/00221473.1957.10627809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221473.1957.10627809","url":null,"abstract":"We are all familiar with the statistic that one in 1'5 women will develop breast cancer sometime in her life. Many women's worry about the possibility of breast cancer has become actualized. At present about 95% of breast cancer is detected by the woman herself; however, these discoveries occur so late that 60% of those lesions have already spread resulting in a less than favorable prognosis. Upon closer questioning many women acknowledged that the lump was found by a boyfriend or husband. A Gallup survey found that three out of four women who had heard about breast self-examination did not practice it. These women identified their own ignorance of the technique as their reason for inaction.' To reduce the risk of breast cancer women need increased skills and knowledge to do effective breast self-examination. Effective breast self-examination skills are vital for early detection of breast cancer. Once women know how to do monthly breast self-examinations they find it reassuring t o discover they are indeed healthy. Reaching women to teach them these skills, however, is difficult. A community project was undertaken to incorporate breast self-examination into the curriculum of two high schools in a suburban community. The authors decided to direct their efforts to the high school population because they seemed to be the ideal population for learning these skills. First, they are easily accessible. Second, research has found that good health habits are best established at an early age.* t 3 Learning this skill early is important because breast cancer can, though rarely, occur in the high school population. Another benefit is that high school students might share this information with older female family members who are at higher risk. In the authors' experience in teaching breast self-examination it seems the younger generation is more comfortable with touching their own bodies and is more easily influenced to practice breast self-examination. Incorporating breast self-examination in the high school curriculum along with other health teaching might have the long range effect of reducing the barriers of fear, ignorance and embarrassment sometimes accompanying this practice. For these reasons the authors firmly believe that the high school population should be exposed t o breast self-examination knowledge. Those who are in the education and health fields are faced with a two-pronged challenge. Women need t o learn breast examination skills, yet at the same time they need help to reduce the barriers toward practicing what they have learned. The Wayne County branch of the American Cancer Society found that the public health nurses were the most viable teachers and the high school p o p ulation, the most appropriate population. In the 1974-1975 school year they began a project to teach breast self-examination to tenth-grade females in Detroit. They chose this grade because of the large number of dropouts in the eleventh grade. They accomplished this task","PeriodicalId":225843,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of school health","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116023440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New York State Association of School Physicians.","authors":"C. A. Greenleaf","doi":"10.1111/j.1746-1561.1949.tb00114.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1949.tb00114.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":225843,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of school health","volume":" 1176","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117376065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Talking upstairs\".","authors":"H. B. Randall","doi":"10.1111/j.1746-1561.1969.tb04306.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1969.tb04306.x","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The responsibility for oral contraceptive provision by college health services was discussed at a California University; student-faculty comments are summarized. The question liability with regard to the physiological risks of the pill and negative parental attitudes was a source of much concern. It was suggested that the harmful social effects and interrupted education produced by an unwanted pregnancy should be included in university consideration of it's responsibility to the student community. The morality of premarital sexual activity was also questioned by faculty. Students responded that the pill was desired for protection and its dispensation could hardly be equated with campus morals since the individual responding to contraceptive availability was making the moral decision.\u0000","PeriodicalId":225843,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of school health","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126046181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}