SRPN: Hydro (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Application of Electrical Resistivity Method in Groundwater Exploration","authors":"J. Amadi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3505105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3505105","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out in Alode Community of Eleme Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria to determine the geo-electrical and hydrogeological characteristics of aquifers present in the area, also to delineate the geo-electric stratigraphy of each VES station. \u0000 \u0000A total of three (3) VES were carried out with the ABEM Terrameter SAS 300C, using the Schlumberger Configuration. Maximum half-current electrode spread (AB/2) of 1m up to 150m was used, while the half potential electrode separation (MN/2) was maintained between 0.5m and 7.5m. The VES curves were quantitatively interpreted by partial curve matching and computer iteration techniques, using the IP1 WIN computer software. The results of the interpreted VES data confirm the following stratigraphies: top soil (40.2-65.2Ωm), shale (32.2-86.3Ωm), fine-medium sand (172-204Ωm), medium-coarse sand (532Ωm), and medium sand (417Ωm). Geo-electric sections reveal that the aquiferous units are mostly confined, with depth to aquifer range of 60m (154.2ft) for VES 1 and 63m (206.7ft) for VES 2 and 65m (213.3ft) for VES 3.","PeriodicalId":219283,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Hydro (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131668967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Silt Erosion Areas on Francis Turbine Guide Vanes Through Numerical Simulation","authors":"Gaurav Mittal, R. Donga, Abhay Kumar, A. Karn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3463695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3463695","url":null,"abstract":"Hydro power plants in Himalayan region are severely affected by silt erosion and cavitation, and their combined effect, as both of these factors complement each other. The problem of silt erosion is acutely felt during monsoon season of the year, as silt laden water with high silt concentration, enters the turbine. Many researchers have reported the reduction in turbine hydraulic efficiency due to silt erosion in guides and runner vanes. In addition, the erosion in the blades also increases the maintenance cost and downtime period. The present work includes a numerical simulation to investigate the sediment erosion on guide vane. The numerical simulation has been carried out on Fluent software. The k-ω turbulent model has been applied to a 3-D model of NACA4412 blade profile. The simulations have been performed at an angle of attack equal to 20o for the range of water velocity 5–20 m/s and for silt concentration varying from 1000 to 4000 ppm. In all the cases considered in this study, the results shows a significant erosion at the leading edge followed by sparse erosion on the bottom side of the guide vane. The study will act as a precursor for experimental studies in the future. Accurate identification of erosion regions in turbines will help mitigate the problem easily.","PeriodicalId":219283,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Hydro (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132506583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caracterización física de los manantiales localizados al sur del Sistema hidrotermal de Acoculco (Puebla, México) (Physical characterization of springs located south of the Acoculco Hydrothermal System (Puebla, Mexico))","authors":"Mario Hernández-Hernández, Sonia Tatiana Sánchez Quispe, Aída López H.","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3108253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3108253","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> La zona de estudio se localiza a 85km al Norte de la Ciudad de Puebla, en el municipio de Chignahuapan (Puebla). Comprende una superficie de 1290km2, con aproximadamente 39 manantiales registrados, pudiendo ubicar y muestrear 16 manantiales en un reciente trabajo de campo (junio 2017), localizados al Centro, Sur y Sureste del Sistema Hidrotermal de Acoculco. Al tratarse de un sistema hidrotermal, la temperatura y composición química relacionadas con las descargas de manantial son distintas entre ellos. La mayor población se concentra en la cabecera municipal, Chignahuapan (19,608 habitantes), junto con otras localidades y comunidades rurales no mayores a 2,900 habitantes. La mayoría de las localidades (70%) son abastecidas por captaciones de manantiales y represas (muy abundantes en la zona), por pozos profundos (20%) y en menor proporción por derivaciones de corrientes superficiales (10%). El trabajo se centra en la interpretación de la relación entre las manifestaciones de aguas termales, los manantiales fríos y el uso doméstico del agua en la zona, basándose en la caracterización física del emplazamiento de las fuentes de agua. Tiene especial interés la Barranca del Río Almoloya, que en su recorrido presenta sucesivos escalones (cascadas) y descargas de aguas termales por la margen derecha aguas abajo del cauce, después de cruzar por el sur de la Ciudad de Chignahuapan. Conforme se avanza en la cañada y hasta su llegada a la población de Zacatlán de las Manzanas, el gradiente de temperatura disminuye y con ello, la relación del agua termal y otros manantiales fríos en la zona. Por otra parte, en la porción Sur de la zona geotérmica (Comunidad de “El Mexicano”), la presencia de grandes afloramientos de manantiales, permite el riego de cebada, avena, maíz y otros cereales, así como el suministro a otras comunidades más alejadas. Otros afloramientos han sido encontrados al centro del campo geotérmico (comunidades de Cruz Colorada, Cuautelolulco, etc.), actualmente usados para la ganadería extensiva y de traspatio, así como para complementar las necesidades de agua. <b>English Abstract:</b> The study area is located 85km north of the City of Puebla, in the municipality of Chignahuapan (Puebla). It covers an area of 1290km, with approximately 39 springs recorded, being able to locate and sample 16 springs in a recent fieldwork (June 2017), located to the center, south and southeast of the Hydrothermal System of Acoculco. As it is a hydrothermal system, the temperature and chemical composition related to the springs discharges are different between them. The largest population is concentrated in the municipal head, Chignahuapan (19,608 inhabitants), Along with other localities and rural communities no larger than 2,900 inhabitants. Most of the localities (70%) are supplied by wells and reservoirs (very abundant in the area), by deep wells (20%) and by shallow streams (10%). The work focuses on the interpretation of the relat","PeriodicalId":219283,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Hydro (Topic)","volume":"351 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116448008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Limits of Social Protection: The Case of Hydropower Dams and Indigenous Peoples' Land","authors":"Fadzilah Majid Cooke, Johan Nordensvard, Gusni Saat, F. Urban, G. Siciliano","doi":"10.1002/APP5.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/APP5.187","url":null,"abstract":"Hydropower dams have been criticised for their social and environmental implications. There have been attempts to create international social standards for hydropower dam projects, but these standards have had limited impact. This article uses an extended environmental justice framework to make sense of the resettlement and compensation schemes for Indigenous peoples who were resettled for the construction of the Bakun dam in Borneo, East Malaysia. The article therefore analyses the social protection measures designed for the protection of Indigenous peoples and their livelihoods. The case study is based on in‐depth interviews and focus group discussions with local communities, institutional actors in Malaysia, Chinese actors and dam builders. The article concludes that the social protection policies did not protect Indigenous people and their land sufficiently, but it facilitated a commodification process of both land and people. This should also be understood as a colonisation of their land and their cultures","PeriodicalId":219283,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Hydro (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133402394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro Power and Supply Function Equilibrium","authors":"K. Edin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2652096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2652096","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the interest in the Supply Function Equilibria (SFE) model is focused on electricity spot markets for which it seems to be ideally suited. Most of the work has dealt with thermal power supply and very little with mixed hydro and thermal supply. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of using the SFE model in markets with hydro power where power producers have water reservoirs that they use strategically. This concerns a wider type of markets where firms have inventories of goods that they can use strategically.","PeriodicalId":219283,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Hydro (Topic)","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123466408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lao Economy: Capitalizing on Natural Resource Exports","authors":"Jayant Menon, P. Warr","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2231839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2231839","url":null,"abstract":"Trade and investment reforms in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) since the mid-1980s have boosted natural resource-based exports, underpinning recent economic growth. A high proportion of the proceeds from these exports accrue directly to the government. Over the 8 years preceding 2011, total government revenue increased from 11% to over 19% of gross domestic product, due almost entirely to revenues derived from mining and hydropower. The effect on the Lao people depends on how the government uses these revenues. This paper examines how the Lao PDR’s export-led growth can be channeled into directions that deliver the greatest benefit to the Lao people.","PeriodicalId":219283,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Hydro (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128420104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Electricity Generation Expansion and Transmission Capacity Planning: An Application to the Central European Region","authors":"Andrea Schröder, M. Bracke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2172330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2172330","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an integrated electricity dispatch and load flow model with endogenous electricity generation capacity expansion. The target is to quantify generation capacity requirements for 2030 and where within Central Europe it shall be ideally placed when taking into account the projected grid structure. We explicitly model the interdependence between grid operation and power plant placing as we investigate the contribution of centralized power plant placement on reducing the need for grid expansion. The application focuses on Germany and its neighbors and reference is made to recently published plans on grid expansion (TSO 2012). We adopt the perspective of a welfare maximizing system planner and thus determine capacity expansion levels as first-best benchmark. Results show that optimal capacity expansion levels are much lower than previous studies indicate (e.g. dena (2008); EC (2011); EWI et al. (2010); Maurer et al. (2012)). We also show that the need for grid expansion can be reduced by the appropriate placing of just a few Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plants as well as the use of storage and Demand-Side-Management. The presence of intra-national HVDC lines as proposed in the Grid Development Plan of 2012 (TSO 2012) is found to significantly reduce overall congestion and the need for back-up power plants. However, the contribution of the proposed HVDC lines varies greatly from project to project, calling for a prioritization of plans.","PeriodicalId":219283,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Hydro (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134141344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydropower in the CDM: Examining Additionality and Criteria for Sustainability","authors":"Barbara K. Haya, P. Parekh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2120862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2120862","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effectiveness of additionality and sustainability criteria being applied to hydropower projects applying for carbon crediting under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). We examine the conditions under which hydropower development decisions are commonly made, with a focus on China and India where the majority of CDM hydropower projects are hosted. We find that the CDM is having little effect on large hydropower development, and that the basic conditions needed for an accurate additionality assessment are not met. In particular, non-financial factors such as energy security heavily influence decisions to build large hydropower, and uncertainty in investment analysis inputs allows project developers to choose input values strategically in order to show that their projects are less financially viable than they actually are. Further, large hydropower and some small hydropower are being built in large quantities worldwide, are heavily supported by governments, and therefore should be considered common practice and ineligible for CDM crediting. We recommend that large hydropower be excluded from the CDM, and that small hydropower be accepted only in places where it is not already being built. The second part of this paper examines the European Union’s (EU’s) assessment of compliance of hydropower projects with World Commission on Dams (WCD) guidelines. We identify several shortcomings including auditor conflicts of interest, weak guidance for the assessment of public consultations, lack of documented acceptance of projects by project-affected persons, and insufficient access to compliance reports by the general public. We provide concrete recommendations to strengthen the EU’s assessment of WCD compliance.","PeriodicalId":219283,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Hydro (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117014289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertain Policy Decisions and Investment Timing: Evidence from Small Hydropower Plants","authors":"Stein-Erik Fleten, Ane Marte Heggedal, K. Linnerud","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2025654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2025654","url":null,"abstract":"Based on panel data of 214 licenses to construct small hydropower plants, we examine whether uncertainty with respect to the introduction of a market for renewable energy certificates affected the timing of investments in Norway from 2001 to 2010. Using regression analysis, we find that (1) investors owning a portfolio of licenses acted in accordance with a real options investment rule, and uncertain climate policy decisions delayed their investment rate; and (2) investors owning a single license acted in accordance with a traditional net present value investment rule, focusing on the value of the immediate investment and ignoring policy uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":219283,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Hydro (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131446320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}