SN Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication and investigation of agricultural monitoring system with IoT & AI","authors":"P. Indira, I. Sheik Arafat, R. Karthikeyan, Shitharth Selvarajan, Praveen Kumar Balachandran","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05526-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05526-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used in a variety of fields and has the potential to alter how we currently view farming. Due to its emphasis on effectiveness and usability artificial intelligence has the largest impact on agriculture of all industries. We highlight the automation-supporting technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, and Long-Range (LoRa) technology which provides data integrity and protection. We also offer a structure for smart farming that depends on the location of data processing after a comprehensive investigation of numerous designs. As part of our future study we have divided the unresolved difficulties in smart agriculture into two categories such as networking issues and technology issues. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are examples of technologies whereas the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite and LoRa are used for all network-related jobs. The goal of the research is to deploy a network of sensors throughout agricultural fields to gather real-time information on a variety of environmental factors including temperature, humidity, soil moisture and nutrient levels. The seamless data transmission and communication made possible by these sensors’ integration with Internet of Things technologies. With the use of AI techniques and algorithms the gathered data is examined. The technology may offer practical insights and suggestions for improving agricultural practices because the AI models are trained to spot patterns, correlations, and anomalies in the data. We are also focusing on indoor farming by supplying Ultra Violet radiation and artificial lighting in accordance with plant growth. When a pest assault is detected using AI and LoRa even in poor or no network coverage area and notifies the farmer’s mobile in any part of the world. The irrigation system is put to the test with various plants at various humidity and temperature levels in both dry and typical situations. To keep the water content in those specific regions soil moisture sensors are used.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":" 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-chelated biomaterial from collagen extracted from pleco skin (Pterygoplichthys pardalis)","authors":"Amet Ovando-Roblero, Rocío Meza-Gordillo, Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena, José Humberto Castañón-González, Víctor Manuel Ruiz-Valdiviezo, Rodrigo Gutiérrez-Santiago, Alicia Grajales-Lagunes","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05549-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05549-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Collagen is a material which is recognized for its biocompatibility properties, biodegradability and low antigenicity, allowing it to be used for the creation of different materials as composites, scaffolds or hydrogels. However, collagen-based materials fail to provide useful mechanical properties in a final product. In this regard, it has been reported that the addition of metallic ions contributes towards supporting polymer matrices. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of metallic ions incorporation on the mechanical properties of biomaterials based on collagen from Pterygoplichthys pardalis and sodium polyacrylate (PAAS). It was observed that the addition of metallic ions modified the mechanical properties of biomaterials out of collagen and sodium polyacrylate (Co-PAAS). The greatest tensile force was achieved when 0.09 mg of collagen and 0.003 mol of Fe 3+ /g Co-PAAS were used. On the other hand, the greatest elongation at break was achieved when the biomaterial was synthesized with 0.09 mg of collagen and 0.002 mol of K 1+ /g Co-PAAS. Also, the highest value for Young’s modulus was found when the biomaterial was synthesized with 0.05 mg of collagen and 0.002 mol of Fe 3+ /g Co-PAAS and 0.003 mol of K 1+ /g Co-PAAS. Finally, it was concluded that P. pardalis could be a collagen source for the development of biomaterials due to its electrostatic interactions with metallic ions increasing the mechanical properties of the processed material significantly.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":" 28","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of adaptable BaTi2Fe4O11−(x)NiFe2O4 nanoceramics: investigating microstructural and spectroscopic analysis","authors":"Ali B. Abou Hammad, Bahaa A. Hemdan, A. M. Mansour, Amany M. El Nahrawy","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05547-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05547-w","url":null,"abstract":"In the pursuit of multifunctional applications, researchers face a crucial challenge in creating an efficient and economically viable perovskite-ferrite nanomaterial. In response to this challenge, multifunctional (1−x)BaTi2Fe4O11−(x)NiFe2O4 (BTF−xNFO) nanoceramics, where (x = 0.1–0.7), were successfully synthesized using the sol-gel method at a temperature of 550 °C. The XRD and FTIR were used to identify the crystal and chemical structure of the multifunctional nanocomposites. The XRD analysis confirms the emergence of a multiphase structure, with iron barium titanate adopting a hexagonal crystalline structure and nickel ferrite assuming a cubic crystalline arrangement. Moreover, the relative dielectric permittivity showcases frequency-dependent tendencies, showcasing a pronounced decline as the frequency increases. The obtained results highlighted the remarkable antimicrobial and antibiofilm potentials of BTF-7NF across all tested microbes. The study assessed the minimum inhibitory and biocidal concentrations of a specific nanocomposite. In terms of its antibiofilm properties, it was found that a concentration of 200 µg/ml of this nanocomposite (BTF-7NF) effectively eliminated biofilm formation.These findings strongly suggest BTF-7NF as a promising alternative antibacterial agent, capable of preventing harmful bacterial biofilm formation at exceptionally low concentrations.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":"100 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear behavior and CO2 emissions analysis of drum mower blades during Alfalfa harvest","authors":"Mohamed Refai, Tarek Kh. Abdelkader, Hassan A. A. Sayed, Q. Wan, Mahmoud A. Abdelhamid","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05545-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05545-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The productivity and efficiency of harvesting forage crops depend on the sharpness and quality of the mower blades. Therefore, studying blade wear during Alfalfa harvesting is crucial to sharpening and maintaining blades. This research aims to create mathematical models to predict the wear of mower blades and assess the wear rate of mower blades, fuel consumption, and CO 2 emissions during the harvesting operation. Blade wear was measured by the weight loss method and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the field experiment. The results showed that the weight of the mower blade decreased from 103.82 to 98.39 g after 37.5 working hours. Over time, fuel consumption and operating costs increased due to the wear of blades. Also, CO 2 emissions were 17.7 kg h −1 at the beginning of the experiment and increased to 29.5 kg h −1 after 37.5 working hours. Due to wear in the blades, the increase in fuel consumption, cost, and CO 2 emissions reached 67% at the end of the experiment. From the obtained mathematical equations, the sharp part of the blade has worn out after 34 ± 3 working hours. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curing treatments of silica gel for fire-retardant glass by intumescence","authors":"Oscar Cotini, Narges Ataollahi, Rosa Di Maggio","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05532-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05532-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Silica hydrogels are used as fire-retardant materials due to the occurrence of intumescence that limits heat and mass transfer. They act as heat-sink, through continuous endothermic condensation reactions, meantime shrinking to a more connected network, towards the correspondent crystalline compound. Which compositions and treatments amplify this phenomenon is still of interest. To this aim, two silica sols containing two different complexing agents: ethylene glycol and glycerol has been prepared and analyzed. The samples were subjected to different treatments to induce gelation and densification: exposure to ultraviolet or microwave or infrared irradiation. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and scanning electron microscopy analyses has been also carried out. Moreover, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS) let to evaluate simultaneously the mechanical and intumescence behavior of the gels at increasing curing times for each type of irradiation. Intumescence of gels occurs up to 200 °C and appears as an endothermal group of peaks visible on the heat-flux DSC curves. DMS analyses let to assess that a MW cured glycerol-containing gel (GL-0-MW 6d) shows a glass transition above 150 °C, measured as the maximum of damping peak. Accordingly, this sample is a good option for the application: a few bubbles nucleate and grow fast at high temperature. Article Highlights Transparent fire doors contain silica gel, which absorbs heat and releases water by foaming. Two different silica gels were synthetized using different chelating agents. The foaming depends on the reagents used to produce the gel, on the treatments for stabilizing it and also on ageing. Both foaming and consolidation of the gel were studied with thermogravimetric and dynamic-mechanical analysis.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallium and germanium static and kinetic sorption and desorption studies on cerium dioxide nanoparticles","authors":"Kateřina Ondrák Fialová, Kryštof Adámek, Karel Štamberg, Ferdinand Šebesta, Martin Vlk, Ján Kozempel","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05561-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05561-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Positron-emitting 68 Ga has become an integral part of nuclear medicine. It is a radionuclide obtained from 68 Ge/ 68 Ga radionuclide generators. Apart from other qualities, it is a feature that have caused its growing popularity in medical practice. Nevertheless, the increasing demand for 68 Ga supply results in the need of new and improved separation systems to obtain it. Hydrous oxides such as titanium or zirconium dioxide are usually the preferred separation materials, but other oxidic materials are under study. Thorough testing of the sorption behaviour is often overlooked in these studies, though it is indispensable for the applicability and suitability assessment. This work is focused on the sorption behaviour description of cerium dioxide prepared by calcination of ceric nitrate. Both batch and kinetic sorption experiments were conducted. Such a thorough study has never been carried out for this material. In batch experiments, the optimal conditions for separation of 68 Ga and 68 Ge were found. Kinetic experimental data were used for mathematical modelling. Six kinetic models derived from various rate-controlling processes were used and their applicability was demonstrated. The diffusion in an inert layer is the rate-controlling process of both gallium and germanium sorption and desorption. This model description of sorption kinetics will further enable us to optimise the sorption and desorption processes numerically. Thus far, it was found out that the prepared cerium dioxide can quantitatively adsorb germanium in very short time of 10 min from 1mM hydrochloric acid and the most convenient medium for 68 Ge and 68 Ga separation is 0.1 M hydrochloric acid.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":"10 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification and in vitro propagation of the endangered medicinal Cleome droserifolia plant of Saint Katherine","authors":"Heba El-Sayed Ghareb, Sabha Salman Mustafa","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05531-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05531-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The protectorate of Saint Katherine considers one of the biggest protected areas in Egypt characterized by a unique location and environment. It supports a high number of rare and endangered species. Cleome droserifolia ( Rorida droserifolia ) is an endangered plant found in Saint Katherine, Sinai, Egypt. It has been known for its medicinal uses so it becomes rare due to over-grazing and over-collection for use in traditional medicine, research and trade home use. DNA barcoding analysis and in vitro culture tools were conducted for saving the plant. This research supports the goal number 15 of the United Nations Sustainable Development (SDGs); aimed at preserving, restore and reinstate sustainable usage of terrestrial ecosystems and halting biodiversity deterioration. Two pairs primers of three DNA markers: [ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit ( rbcL ), maturase K ( matK ) and trnH-psbA ] were used for PCR amplification and sequencing. BLAST results and phylogenetic analysis proved a correct authentication of Cleome droserifolia on both; species and genus levels and confirms the involvement of Cleome droserifolia in Cleome genus. For in vitro propagation, cotyledonary node explants of germinated seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 0.27 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 2.32 µM of kinetin (Kin). The highest mean number of axillary shoots was 8.16 shoots/explant. 85% of multiple shoots were successfully rooted on ¼ MS medium fortified with 7.42 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The successfully rooted plants were transferred to a mixture of sand, soil, and peat moss (1: 1: 1) and efficiently acclimatized in the greenhouse.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of processing and matrix parameters on the manufacturing of unidirectional flax/polypropylene composites","authors":"Agnès Mattlet, Olivier Sicot, Laetitia Van Schoors, Shahram Aivazzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05457-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05457-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The manufacturing by thermocompression of flax fiber composites requires a good understanding of process parameters. This work focuses on the influence of key parameters in the manufacture of quality unidirectional flax/polypropylene composites by thermocompression. To this effect, a number of matrix and process parameters have been studied and ranked according to their influence on composite morphology and tensile properties. Among tested parameters, process time and temperature tend to decrease tensile strength as they increased from 3 to 11 min and from 180 to 200 °C. As a result, decrease of cooling speed from 15 to 5 °C min −1 also decreased tensile strength. Temperature of 180 °C also led to composites with no dispersion of fibers. Using a compatibilized agent, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP), also increased tensile strength of composites. Increasing its percentage from 3 to 5% increased tensile properties in the 90° direction. Pressure had no significant effect on mechanical properties, though lower pressures increase fiber dispersion.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":"204 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of physical and chemical activation methods on the structure, optical absorbance, band gap and urbach energy of porous activated carbon","authors":"S. K. Shahcheragh, M. M. Bagheri Mohagheghi, A. Shirpay","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05559-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05559-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, activated carbon was synthesized using the almond shell and palm kernel by physical activation with water vapor and chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) methods. Then, the structural and optical properties of the activated carbons were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The SEM images showed that in the raw sample of hard almond shell and palm kernel, there is no porosity and pores, but in the activated carbon samples, porosity and structural defects were clearly observed. The XRD patterns showed that porous and amorphous structure was formed in all samples synthesized with physical and chemical activation. The results of FTIR spectra of activated carbons showed that there are carbon functional groups in all samples. The optical absorption coefficient (α) of the activated carbon with physical and chemical activation methods was obtained in order of 10 5 –10 6 . The band gap measurement of porous nanostructures showed that the activated carbon synthesized with chemical and physical activation methods have energy gap (E g ) in region = 2.80 to 3.15 eV and urbach energy (E U ) in region = 120 to 210 meV.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":"94 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study for a newtonian nanofluid over a vertical cylindrical vessel surrounded by a hot tissue","authors":"R. S. Kamel, A. M. Ismaeel, F. M. Hady","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05527-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05527-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This manuscript introduces a theoretical model to study the problem of heat and mass transfer in biological tissues in a magnetic field, which simulates cancer treatment using thermal therapy. In particular, this model incorporates the influence of the Brownian motion and thermal thermophoresis of nanoparticles. Firstly, the non-linear governing equations of motion are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, then solved numerically according to appropriate boundary conditions using MATLAB built-in solver- bvp4c. All parameters and their impacts on the flow have been investigated and studied. The model predictions showed that increasing the heat absorption by nanoparticles in the tissue increases the tumour temperature, which helps to improve the therapeutic efficiency and reduce the concentration of nanoparticles. Hence, the results of this study could enhance the effectiveness of thermal therapy for malignancies. Article Highlights The transport of nanoparticles (NPs) to the deep tissue is improved when the heat transfer coefficient is raised. The temperature of interstitial fluid significantly reduces the velocity of the interstitial fluid. Exposing tumours to an external heat source enhances the NP delivery to the tumour.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":"350 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135474647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}