{"title":"Agricultural Indebtedness and Livelihood Diversification in Uttar Pradesh: A Study of the Eastern and Bundelkhand Regions","authors":"Shinu Varkey","doi":"10.1177/09722661221130392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221130392","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to address the issue of indebtedness among agrarian households and the associated livelihood diversification using the cases of the Eastern and Bundelkhand regions of Uttar Pradesh. It raises the following broad questions: What is the nature and extent of the debt burden experienced by the farmer households of the study areas? How do these households diversify their livelihood strategies? And what explains the livelihood outcomes of these households? It is argued that the skewed distribution of productive resources in the study regions leads to various kinds of interlinked transactions among agrarian classes in the context of production and exchange. Such interlinkages are essentially exploitative, resulting in lower crop productivity and lower returns from cultivation. In the face of lower returns from cultivation, farmers are compelled to take recourse to borrowing. The majority of these borrowings, especially by the poorer classes, are from informal sources, exposing them to usurious extortions at the hands of money lenders, traders and rich peasants/farmers, leading to difficulties in meeting payment obligations and, finally, to indebtedness. The higher debt burden has resulted in an increased livelihood diversification by agrarian households in recent years, mostly to the informal sector. We term it forced livelihood diversification, because such diversification is not the natural outcome of a development process but is forced upon the peasantry because of the non-viability of cultivation.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127658351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Economy of Women and Work","authors":"Aishwarya Bhuta","doi":"10.1177/09722661221124380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221124380","url":null,"abstract":"Farah Naz and Dieter Bögenhold, Unheard Voices: Women, Work and Political Economy of Global Production. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, xv+197 pp., €93.08. ISBN: 9783030543631 (eBook). Ishita Mehrotra, Political Economy of Caste, Class and Gender: A Study of Rural Dalit Labourers in India. Routledge, 2022, 224 pp., £33.29. ISBN: 9780429321894 (eBook).","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131252669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Krishna Raj (Ed.), Public Policy in India: Essays in Honour of Professor B. S. Sreekantaradhya","authors":"N. Veeresha","doi":"10.1177/09722661221100221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221100221","url":null,"abstract":"Krishna Raj (Ed.), Public Policy in India: Essays in Honour of ProfessorB. S. Sreekantaradhya. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2021, 308 pp., ₹1395. ISBN: 9788131611951 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127110327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marginality: A Critical Review of the Concept","authors":"C. Varghese, Sheethal S. Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09722661221096681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221096681","url":null,"abstract":"Marginality is a widely used concept in the literature on inequality and development. It has gained momentum, especially in the context of rising inequality in the post-liberalised and globalised world. This article looks into the evolution of marginality, analyses its role in the developmental discourse and argues that the interrelation between objective and subjective aspects of marginality constitutes the idea of it. This discussion identifies marginality as a measure of inequality in a given social context and time and indicates the degree of inequality experienced by individuals or groups. The article is divided into four parts. The first part looks into the change in meaning and components of marginality. The second part discusses marginality with other closely related concepts such as exclusion, poverty, the culture of poverty and precarity. The third part engages with the constituents of the marginal situation, and the fourth part discusses different typologies available to understand the dimensions of marginality.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132419357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Alex. M. Thomas, Macroeconomics: An Introduction","authors":"Aswathy M. V. D.","doi":"10.1177/09722661221101545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221101545","url":null,"abstract":"Alex. M. Thomas, Macroeconomics: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2021, xx + 234 pp., ₹495. ISBN: 9781108731997 (Paperback).","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122470253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solidarity and Schism: A Study on Bihar’s Backward Classes’ Movement","authors":"S. Singh","doi":"10.1177/09722661221099639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221099639","url":null,"abstract":"Social movements play an important role in social transformation. In a social movement, a group of people come together to achieve certain goals which they cannot achieve individually. But who will come together and against whom, as well as the nature of the rules and resources the participants use in a movement are affected by the contour of the social structure. Social structure leaves a definite mark on the nature of solidarity and schism among the participants of a movement. Taking Bihar’s backward classes’ movement as a case study, this article partially supports Marx’s dictum that ‘men make history, but not the way they please…’","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131597616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Tom Barnes, Informal Labour in Urban India: Three Cities, Three Journeys","authors":"Vidyasagar Sharma","doi":"10.1177/09722661221084170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221084170","url":null,"abstract":"Tom Barnes, Informal Labour in Urban India: Three Cities, Three Journeys. Routledge, 2018, 222 pp., £42.99. ISBN: 9781138492264 (Paperback).","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134513690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Place-based Industrial Policy and Changes in the Manufacturing Sector in North-East India","authors":"Anna Lalruatfeli Hrahsel, Sumarbin Umdor","doi":"10.1177/09722661221094095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221094095","url":null,"abstract":"Place-based or location-based policies are policy instruments used in addressing the challenges of economic inequalities and disparities across underperforming areas and disadvantaged regions. The eight states in North-East India (NEI) are behind other states in various spheres of economic development, particularly in terms of their contribution to India’s manufacturing sector. Based on the data from Annual Survey of Industries at disaggregated (two-digit) level, this study examines the changes in the manufacturing landscape in the region during the period of implementation of place-based industrial policy from 1997–1998 to 2016–2017. Using structural ratios and technical coefficients, location quotient and kinked exponential model, the study presents the changing profile of manufacturing industries in the region for the period under study. The performance of NEI’s manufacturing sector is explained in terms of rising capital intensity, falling employment and increased labour productivity. Though there is a visible shift from industries manufacturing food products towards chemicals and non-metallic minerals, the region’s industrial base remains less diversified and lacks capital goods production.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128548689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State Finance Commissions and Devolution of Funds to Panchayati Raj Institutions in Odisha: A Critique","authors":"B. Mohapatra","doi":"10.1177/09722661221087979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221087979","url":null,"abstract":"State Finance Commissions (SFCs) support the Local Self-governments in receiving the funds from the state resources and effectively discharging their functions as institutions of self-government. Constituted in 2018, the fifth SFC has, in its report submitted to the state government, recommended various measures for transferring funds to the Panchayats and strengthening the revenue of these bodies. This article examines the key recommendations of the fifth SFC, recommendations of the previous SFCs and implications of these recommendations on improving the finances of the Panchayats. This article argues that the working of SFCs and their recommendations have in many ways impacted the finances of the Panchayati Raj Institutions on the basis of review of various SFC Reports and secondary data from the government. However, in some cases, the state government has not effectively implemented the recommendations of the SFCs. So, it is important for the state government to implement the key recommendations of fifth SFC and accordingly transfer funds to the PRIs.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125844785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic Value of Recreational Benefits from the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India: An Individual Travel Cost Approach","authors":"V. Rajkumar, S. Boopathi","doi":"10.1177/09722661221084162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221084162","url":null,"abstract":"The study reported in this article estimates the economic value of recreational benefits of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR) in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, and its determinants using the Individual Travel Cost Method. The tiger reserves in India account for more than a half of the world’s tiger population and are providing a variety of ecosystem services. Most of these services, recreational services in particular, are non-marketed in nature. Hence, the economic value of the recreation services needs to be measured so that the public’s scarce resources can be allocated efficiently for future protection, planning and managing the tiger reserves. Based on the information from primary surveys, our estimated result indicates that the annual recreational value of the MTR is equivalent to ₹114.26 million. The study also found that travel cost, respondent income, family size, gender and site quality are the most important determinants of demand for recreation at MTR. This implies that the recreational value generated by the MTR is significant and more investment in the reserve will enhance future recreational benefits as well as various other ecosystem benefits.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122246200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}