Parasite Immunology最新文献_第4页

Exploring Demodex in Chronic Urticaria: Lack of Association but Evidence for Type-2 Immune Activation in Demodex. 探索蠕形螨在慢性荨麻疹中的作用：缺乏与蠕形螨2型免疫激活相关的证据。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Parasite Immunology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/pim.70073

Burak Celik, Merve Kaya, Selma Emre

{"title":"Exploring Demodex in Chronic Urticaria: Lack of Association but Evidence for Type-2 Immune Activation in Demodex.","authors":"Burak Celik, Merve Kaya, Selma Emre","doi":"10.1111/pim.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pim.70073","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a mast cell driven multifactorial disorder with complex pathogenesis. While the association between CSU and internal parasites has been investigated, the association of ectoparasites such as Demodex mites remains elusive. This study aims to compare Demodex prevalence in CSU patients with healthy controls and to evaluate selected immunologic parameters in Demodex patients. A prospective case-control study was conducted including 100 patients with CSU and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. Skin surface biopsy was performed using the cyanoacrylate method, and participants were classified as Demodex-positive if more than five mites were detected within a 1 cm2 field. Serum levels of total IgE, eosinophil counts, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were measured. Demodex positivity was observed in 26% of CSU patients and 26% of controls (p = 1.00). Median IgE (208.08 IU/mL, range 4.89-1207.00) and eosinophil counts (0.17 ± 0.07 × 109/L) were significantly higher in Demodex-positive participants than in Demodex-negative ones (65.72 IU/mL, range 2.40-632.11, and 0.14 ± 0.09 × 109/L, respectively; p < 0.05). Thyroid function parameters and antibody levels showed no significant differences between groups. Although Demodex prevalence did not significantly differ between CSU patients and controls, infestation was associated with elevated IgE and eosinophil levels, suggesting a possible association with type 2-skewed immune markers. Further studies with quantitative mite assessment and detailed immunologic profiling are needed to better understand this relationship.","PeriodicalId":19931,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Immunology","volume":"48 3","pages":"e70073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunopathology of Leishmaniasis: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Tissue Injury Provoked by Chronic Infection. 利什曼病的免疫病理：慢性感染引起的组织损伤的分子和细胞机制。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Parasite Immunology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/pim.70066

Claudio M Lezama-Dávila, Angélica P Isaac-Márquez

{"title":"Immunopathology of Leishmaniasis: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Tissue Injury Provoked by Chronic Infection.","authors":"Claudio M Lezama-Dávila, Angélica P Isaac-Márquez","doi":"10.1111/pim.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.70066","url":null,"abstract":"Human infections caused by parasites represent a serious worldwide health issue, especially in underdeveloped countries. According to the World Health Organization, Leishmania ssp. is responsible for more than 70,000 deaths worldwide, mostly due to untreated visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Other species that cause non-deadly cutaneous infections are also relevant; they frequently leave disfiguring scars in infected patients, as seen in those with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) or localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). Mechanisms of tissue injury provoked by chronic infections with different Leishmania ssp. correlate with immunological imbalances in the cellular and humoral immunological milieu. This parasite triggers host responses, including the activation of antibodies and complement, programmed cell death, uncontrolled cytokine synthesis, the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. If these responses are correctly balanced, they protect the infected host against chronic infection and relapse. However, when the right balance between these biological responses is disrupted, tissue damage occurs and frequently results in the death of those suffering from untreated VL or leaving disfiguring scars in MCL and LCL patients. Here, we review important mechanisms of tissue damage triggered by Leishmania species of human interest.","PeriodicalId":19931,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Immunology","volume":"48 3","pages":"e70066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147309020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thymic Atrophy Development in a Non-Lethal Plasmodium Infection. 非致死性疟原虫感染的胸腺萎缩发展。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Parasite Immunology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/pim.70071

G M Corral-Ruiz, M J Pérez-Vega, I Mancilla-Herrera, J Barrios-Payán, L Fabila-Castillo, R Hernández-Pando, L E Sánchez-Torres

{"title":"Thymic Atrophy Development in a Non-Lethal Plasmodium Infection.","authors":"G M Corral-Ruiz, M J Pérez-Vega, I Mancilla-Herrera, J Barrios-Payán, L Fabila-Castillo, R Hernández-Pando, L E Sánchez-Torres","doi":"10.1111/pim.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pim.70071","url":null,"abstract":"The thymus is a vital organ for T-cell development that undergoes significant changes during malaria infection, including atrophy and disrupted structure, which weaken immune responses. This study examines the mechanisms behind thymic atrophy during Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection, focusing on cellular and molecular changes across different parasitemia stages. Our results show that thymic atrophy is marked by a substantial decrease in thymus weight and cellularity, especially at 20%-30% parasitemia levels. A significant loss of DP and SP thymocytes mainly causes this atrophy. Histological analysis revealed notable cortical shrinkage and DNA fragmentation in thymic cells, indicating increased apoptosis. Elevated serum cytokines and chemokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and CXCL9, were observed throughout the infection, with higher levels correlating with the degree of thymic atrophy. Also, early release of thymocytes into peripheral tissues, especially the spleen, worsened the decrease in thymic cellularity. However, after parasitemia resolved, the thymus recovered, restoring its structure and thymocyte populations. These results highlight the complex interaction between parasite-induced inflammation and immune cell behaviour, suggesting that even though P. c. chabaudi AS infection is not lethal, a prolonged parasitic burden can cause severe thymic dysfunction, possibly impairing immune system function.","PeriodicalId":19931,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Immunology","volume":"48 3","pages":"e70071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioenergetic Profiling of Lymphocytes in Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL). 内脏利什曼病（VL）和黑热病后皮肤利什曼病（PKDL）患者淋巴细胞的生物能量谱分析

IF 1.2 4区医学

Parasite Immunology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/pim.70069

Shilpa Sengupta, Mitali Chatterjee

{"title":"Bioenergetic Profiling of Lymphocytes in Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL).","authors":"Shilpa Sengupta, Mitali Chatterjee","doi":"10.1111/pim.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pim.70069","url":null,"abstract":"Studies pertaining to Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and its dermal sequel, Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) are usually restricted to their immunopathogenesis, but the role, if any, regarding metabolic dysfunction of lymphocytes remains unanswered, and was the focus of this study. To delineate and correlate the functional and bioenergetic status of lymphocytes in patients with VL and PKDL. In Peripheral blood of patients with VL (n = 11) or PKDL (n = 18), along with healthy controls (n = 10), the T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+), their activation (CD69) and exhaustion (CD279) status were determined by flow cytometry. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis were measured concomitantly in an extracellular flux analyser, whilst the status of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis related genes was measured by qPCR. In comparison to healthy controls, the activation status remained unchanged in VL and PKDL cases but the frequency of exhausted T cells was significantly raised. These exhausted T cells showed an increased expression of OXPHOS in terms of signalling markers (SMAD3 and CPT1A) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), along with an increased expression of mitochondrial respiration genes, which correlated positively with CD279+ T cells, whereas glycolysis remained unchanged. Patients with VL and PKDL demonstrated increased expression of CD279/Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). This PD-1 signalling possibly activated SMAD3 and mitochondrial CPT1A, which led to increased mitochondrial respiration. This metabolic adaptation possibly facilitated sustenance of the exhausted T cell phenotype and contributed to disease progression. Targeting immunometabolism could well be a therapeutic approach worthy of future pharmacological consideration.","PeriodicalId":19931,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Immunology","volume":"48 3","pages":"e70069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amblyomma cajennense Sensu Stricto (Fabricius, 1787) and Amblyomma sculptum (Berlese, 1888) Tick Saliva Elicit Immune-Modulatory Activity in Isolated Murine Macrophages With an Insight Into Proteomic Analysis. 蜱虫唾液在分离的小鼠巨噬细胞中引发免疫调节活性与蛋白质组学分析的见解。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Parasite Immunology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/pim.70072

André de Abreu Rangel Aguirre, Valdison Pereira Dos Reis, Sulamita da Silva Setúbal, Angélica Lorena Pereira Mendes Carioca, Ketlei Monteiro Tavares, Geisa Paulino Caprini Evaristo, Joseph Albert Medeiros Evaristo, Fábio César Sousa Nogueira, Jansen Fernandes Medeiros, Juliana Pavan Zuliani

{"title":"Amblyomma cajennense Sensu Stricto (Fabricius, 1787) and Amblyomma sculptum (Berlese, 1888) Tick Saliva Elicit Immune-Modulatory Activity in Isolated Murine Macrophages With an Insight Into Proteomic Analysis.","authors":"André de Abreu Rangel Aguirre, Valdison Pereira Dos Reis, Sulamita da Silva Setúbal, Angélica Lorena Pereira Mendes Carioca, Ketlei Monteiro Tavares, Geisa Paulino Caprini Evaristo, Joseph Albert Medeiros Evaristo, Fábio César Sousa Nogueira, Jansen Fernandes Medeiros, Juliana Pavan Zuliani","doi":"10.1111/pim.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pim.70072","url":null,"abstract":"Tick saliva is known to cause immunosuppression and help pathogen transmission. Amblyomma sculptum is a public health concern as a vector of Rickettsia rickettsii. Another close-related species is Amblyomma cajennense sensu stricto (s.s.). The impact of saliva from these species on murine macrophages remains unclear. This study evaluated saliva from A. cajennense s.s. and A. sculptum in murine peritoneal macrophages, assessing cell viability, adhesion, morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phagocytosis and cytokine secretion. Additionally, a proteomic analysis was conducted and the proteins that were secreted in salivas were estimated. Neither A. sculptum nor A. cajennense s.s. saliva did it affect viability, adhesion or morphology, but increased ROS production and phagocytic activity. A. sculptum saliva decreased IL-1β and increased TNF-α, whereas A. cajennense s.s. saliva increased IL-6 and IL-10. Proteomic analysis revealed 221 and 303 secreted proteins in A. cajennense s.s. and A. sculptum, respectively and the more abundant were vitellogenins, microplusins, serpins, cystatins, actin, beta actin and calponins. These findings suggest that saliva from each species modulates macrophage activity in distinct ways, eliciting pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. This is the first comparative evaluation of salivas from two species of the A. cajennense sensu lato complex, providing new insights into their interaction with innate immune cells.","PeriodicalId":19931,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Immunology","volume":"48 3","pages":"e70072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on Some Immunological and Haematological Biomarkers in Women Experienced Spontaneous Abortion. 刚地弓形虫感染对自然流产妇女一些免疫和血液生物标志物的影响。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Parasite Immunology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/pim.70074

Sarwin Sultan Muhamad Mizuri, Haval Mohammed Khalid, Wijdan Mohammed Salih Mero

{"title":"Impact of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on Some Immunological and Haematological Biomarkers in Women Experienced Spontaneous Abortion.","authors":"Sarwin Sultan Muhamad Mizuri, Haval Mohammed Khalid, Wijdan Mohammed Salih Mero","doi":"10.1111/pim.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pim.70074","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, affects immune response and haematological parameters. The study aimed to evaluate and compare haematological changes and distinct pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles between anti-Toxoplasma seropositive and seronegative in post-abortive women. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to examine serum samples from 224 post-abortive women for anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies. Besides serum cytokines such as Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 10, 12 (IL-10, IL-12), and Transforming Growth Factor ß1 (TGFß1) were evaluated. Also, the blood groups and haematological parameters were examined. The overall anti-Toxoplasma seropositivity was 25% (56/224), including 19.6% for IgG and 5.4% for IgM, with highly (p < 0.001) significant variations. Blood group type significantly affected IgG and IgM seropositivity rates (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004) individually. IgG seropositivity displayed significant differences in Granulocyte (GRA) p = 0.003, Haemoglobin (Hb) p = 0.009, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) p = 0.004, and Red Blood Cell (RBC) p = 0.008, whilst IgM seropositivity displayed significant differences of Hb p = 0.019 plus RBC p < 0.001. Besides, IL-12 was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in comparison to controls. Toxoplasmosis was significantly associated with haematological changes and elevated IL-12 levels, highlighting the importance of regular immuno-haematological biomarker monitoring and toxoplasmosis screening to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19931,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Immunology","volume":"48 3","pages":"e70074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The CD163:CD68 Ratio Reflects Splenic Macrophage Remodelling in Murine Chronic Schistosomiasis. CD163:CD68比值反映小鼠慢性血吸虫病脾巨噬细胞重构。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Parasite Immunology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/pim.70075

Asmaa M Ammar, Hend M Hussein, Noha A Elleboudy, Mariam I Ibrahim, Shimaa E Mohammed

{"title":"The CD163:CD68 Ratio Reflects Splenic Macrophage Remodelling in Murine Chronic Schistosomiasis.","authors":"Asmaa M Ammar, Hend M Hussein, Noha A Elleboudy, Mariam I Ibrahim, Shimaa E Mohammed","doi":"10.1111/pim.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pim.70075","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosoma mansoni infection induces marked splenic remodelling, but the phenotype of macrophages driving this process remains unclear. CD163 is frequently used as an M2-associated marker in chronic helminth infections. This study evaluated whether the CD163:CD68 ratio can serve as a semi-quantitative indicator of macrophage polarisation in schistosomal splenomegaly. Forty female CD-1 mice were divided into infected and control groups, and spleens were collected at 7-, 15-, and 23-weeks post-infection. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry for CD68 and CD163 were quantified in five high-power fields per animal. Semi-quantitative scoring, percentage positivity, CD163:CD68 ratios, and correlations with pathological severity were analysed. Chronic infection caused progressive splenic pathology, including white pulp atrophy, red pulp congestion, fibrous septa, extramedullary haematopoiesis, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. CD68+ macrophages increased significantly from 20% to 30% in controls to 70%-85% at 23 weeks (p < 0.001), while CD163 expression declined from 49.3% in naïve spleens to nearly zero at all post-infection time points. The CD163:CD68 ratio fell from 1.97 to near zero. CD163 correlated negatively with CD68 (ρ = -0.891) and pathology severity (ρ = -0.876), whereas CD68 showed a strong positive correlation (ρ = +0.912). Chronic S. mansoni infection induces a profound, early, and sustained downregulation of CD163 expression on splenic macrophages despite expansion of the total macrophage pool. While CD163 loss associates with splenic congestion, iron accumulation, and architectural remodelling, the functional implications of this change remain to be fully defined. We therefore propose that disruption of CD163-dependent homeostatic programmes may contribute to splenic pathology, a hypothesis that warrants future functional and multi-marker validation in line with current concepts of macrophage plasticity.","PeriodicalId":19931,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Immunology","volume":"48 3","pages":"e70075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147459208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sialylation Shifts in Visceral Leishmaniasis: Altered Sialidases and Sialyltransferases Expression in Spleen and Liver Tissues of Leishmania donovani Infected BALB/c Mice. 内脏利什曼病唾液酰化转移：感染利什曼原虫BALB/c小鼠脾脏和肝脏组织唾液酰化酶和唾液酰转移酶表达的改变

IF 1.2 4区医学

Parasite Immunology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/pim.70067

Joyshree Karmakar, Madhurima Roy, Mitali Chatterjee

{"title":"Sialylation Shifts in Visceral Leishmaniasis: Altered Sialidases and Sialyltransferases Expression in Spleen and Liver Tissues of Leishmania donovani Infected BALB/c Mice.","authors":"Joyshree Karmakar, Madhurima Roy, Mitali Chatterjee","doi":"10.1111/pim.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pim.70067","url":null,"abstract":"Sias on host cell influence host-pathogen interactions. Pathogens often manipulate sialylation machinery by downregulating sialidases or upregulating sialyltransferases to suppress immune response. However, the sialylation dynamics in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani (L.d) remain unexplored. Accordingly, we investigated the expression changes of sialidases (Neu1, Neu2, and Neu3) and sialyltransferases (ST3Gal1, ST3Gal5, and ST6Gal1) in the spleen and liver of L.d- infected BALB/c mice using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Parasite load quantification and monitoring amastigote-specific A2 gene confirmed infection. We observed downregulation of all sialidases (Neu1, Neu2, and Neu3) in contrast to an upregulation of sialyltransferases-ST3Gal1 and ST3Gal5. Notably, splenic sialidases exhibited a strong negative correlation with A2 (Neu1: r = -0.81, Neu2: r = -0.78), suggestive of reduced desialylation. Conversely, both the sialyltransferases ST3Gal1 and ST3Gal5 strongly positively correlated with A2 (r = 0.81, r = 0.89 respectively). These suggest an active modulation of host sialylation during infection that can be explored for therapeutic interventions against VL.","PeriodicalId":19931,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Immunology","volume":"48 2","pages":"e70067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146195399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of Senna alata and Influence on Hepatic Caspase-3 and Nuclear Factor Keppa B. 番泻草抗疟活性评价及对肝脏Caspase-3和核因子Keppa B的影响。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Parasite Immunology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/pim.70061

J O Acha, L I Ekakitie, P U Egbowawa, G N Enudinusu, I Onyesom

{"title":"Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of Senna alata and Influence on Hepatic Caspase-3 and Nuclear Factor Keppa B.","authors":"J O Acha, L I Ekakitie, P U Egbowawa, G N Enudinusu, I Onyesom","doi":"10.1111/pim.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pim.70061","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria remains a major global health concern due to failing chemotherapy. This necessitates the continuous search for more effective antimalarial agents. This study investigates the potential antimalarial activity of Senna alata, a herb commonly used in the Nigerian tradomedicine system, and its impact on hepatic oxidative damage and expression of caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) molecules. Thirty mice, divided into 6 groups (n = 5/group), were used for the study. Group 1 served as the negative control and received 0.2 mL of normal saline. Groups 2-4 constituted the test groups, which received doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the leaf ethanol extract of Senna alata (EESa), respectively. Group 5 served as the standard drug control that received 20 mg/kg of LonartDS (artemether-lumefantrine). Group 6, the naïve group, were neither infected nor treated (NINT). Mice were treated for 4 consecutive days after confirming parasitaemia following inoculation. At the end of the 6th day post treatment, the animals were euthanized, and then blood samples and liver tissues were collected for analysis using documented methods and standard procedures. Results of the malaria curative test for Plasmodium berghei (NK 65) in murine model indicated that EESa significantly suppressed parasitaemia in treated groups, although not in a dose-dependent manner, but values compared well with the standard drug treatment and EESa also improved the mean survival time (MST) and haematological indices of infected mice. Furthermore, EESa significantly reduced the hepatic expression of caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 molecules, suggesting its potential involvement in regulating apoptosis and inflammation in hepatic cells, as evidenced by the associated low histological grading. Put together, the demonstrated antimalarial activity of EESa protected the liver from the inflammatory and apoptotic damages caused by malarial infection in experimental mice. This study supports the use of S. alata in the traditional treatment of malaria.","PeriodicalId":19931,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Immunology","volume":"48 2","pages":"e70061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation and Characterisation of Peptide-Based IgY Antibodies Against SRS29B Protein of Toxoplasma gondii. 抗刚地弓形虫SRS29B蛋白IgY肽基抗体的制备与鉴定

IF 1.2 4区医学

Parasite Immunology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/pim.70063

Lauren Cruz Samaca, Noraida Zerpa, Henry Bermúdez, Oriana Zerpa, Caridad Malavé

{"title":"Generation and Characterisation of Peptide-Based IgY Antibodies Against SRS29B Protein of Toxoplasma gondii.","authors":"Lauren Cruz Samaca, Noraida Zerpa, Henry Bermúdez, Oriana Zerpa, Caridad Malavé","doi":"10.1111/pim.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pim.70063","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasmosis, a worldwide zoonotic infection caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, has the potential to cause severe illness in both humans and animals. In this study, we describe the production and characterisation of IgY polyclonal antibodies capable of specifically recognising the SRS29B surface protein from Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites lysates. To this end, a series of bioinformatics tools were employed to predict potential SRS29B B-cell epitopes, including Antheprot, IEDB, BCPREDS, ABCpred and Bepipred. Four peptides were synthesised to generate IgY antibodies. The production of specific antibodies against the SRS29B peptide constructs was confirmed in experimental animals using ELISA and MABA assays. This outcome demonstrated a correlation between the predictive analysis and the response obtained in chickens. Antibodies targeting the peptide constructs containing the SRS29B sequences (217-229 aa, 238-253 aa and 259-274 aa) recognised molecules present in the tachyzoite lysates of T. gondii, as confirmed by western blot analysis. This specific recognition was further supported by the inhibition of tachyzoite protein recognition upon exposure to homologous peptides. These findings suggest that three selected peptide constructs are suitable for the development of an antigen-capture assay to facilitate the detection of T. gondii in raw milk as well as for diagnosing acute toxoplasmosis.","PeriodicalId":19931,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Immunology","volume":"48 2","pages":"e70063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0