Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research最新文献

{"title":"Antituberculosis Screening of Crude Extracts of M.Spicata(Dalz.) Nicolson","authors":"D. Karpe, S. Lawande","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8777","url":null,"abstract":"World Health Organization reports on Tuberculosis shows that TB is a big problem in the world. More than 23% cases of Tuberculosis found in India amongst global total. Plants are good sources of phytomedicines. Plants contain active constituents and are easily available in nature. The present study was done to evaluate In-vitro antituberculosis activity of crude extracts of m.spicata .We used Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) method to evaluate the antituberculosis activity. Higher concentarations of crude extracts were needed to show antitubercular activity as compared with standard reference drug Isoniazid.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89603958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indonesian Propolis Extractattenuates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Induced Renal Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Blood Pressure","authors":"A. Susanto, B. Purwanto, A. Mudigdo, S. Suroto","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8770","url":null,"abstract":"Ureteral obstruction may result in permanent kidney damage. Research suggests that the Indonesian Propolis Extract (IPE) play a strong role on free oxygen radicals removal and prevents oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of IPE on malondialdehyde (MDA) reduction and systolic blood pressure (SBP) level down-regulationafter unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 as control, Group 2 were rats with UUO, Group 3 were rats with UUO that were given IPE (oral 50 mg kg-1body weight) and Group 4 were rats with UUO that were given IPE (oral 100 mgkg-1 body weight). SBP level were measured once every week within duration of experiment and at day30 blood sample were taken for Malondialdehyde analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance. There were statistically significant increase in MDA and blood pressure in Group 2, while there were significant decrease for MDA and blood pressure in Group 3 and 4 (p less than 0.001). In this experiment we suggest that IPE prevents kidney damage by decreasing oxidative stress (MDA) and SBP.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86181258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Upper Limb Strengthening Exercises on Handwriting Speed in Undergraduate Students","authors":"P. Kamalanathan, H. Banu","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8778","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground:- Handwriting is an essential tool required by students. It is a complex process which involves close coordination between musculoskeletal and nervous system.Objective:-To assess the effects of upper limb strengthening exercises on handwriting speed in undergraduate students Study design: - Experimental Design. Subjects: - Applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30subjects were Randomly selected and Group A (15 subjects) who underwent Strengthening exercises for upperlimb and GroupB (15 subjects) who underwent Writing Practice. Results: -Statistical analysis was done by using Paired‘t’ test in which Group A(p less than .01) showed significant improvement in handwriting speed when compared with Group B. Conclusion: -Upper limb strengthening exercise programmes can be used to improve the hand writing speed.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79153352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homology Modeling of Mus Musculus CDK5 and Molecular Docking Studies with Flavonoids","authors":"Sowmya Suri, Rumana Waseem, Seshagiri Bandi, Sania Shaik","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8779","url":null,"abstract":"A 3D model of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) (Accession Number: Q543f6) is generated based on crystal structure of P. falciparum PFPK5-indirubin-5-sulphonate ligand complex (PDB ID: 1V0O) at 2.30 A resolution was used as template. Protein-ligand interaction studies were performed with flavonoids to explore structural features and binding mechanism of flavonoids as CDK5 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 5) inhibitors. The modelled structure was selected on the basis of least modeler objective function. The model was validated by PROCHECK. The predicted 3D model is reliable with 93.0% of amino acid residues in core region of the Ramachandran plot. Molecular docking studies with flavonoids viz., Diosmetin, Eriodictyol, Fortuneletin, Apigenin, Ayanin, Baicalein, Chrysoeriol and Chrysosplenol-D with modelled protein indicate that Diosmetin is the best inhibitor containing docking score of -8.23 kcal/mol. Cys83, Lys89, Asp84. The compound Diosmetin shows interactions with Cys83, Lys89, and Asp84.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77612585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Sensitivity and Specificity of Cardio-Goniometry in Detection of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"F. Ahmadi, S. M. Seyedian, Bita Abdipour, E. Rajaee, Mehrdad Dargahi-Malamir","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8773","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of cardio-goniometry (CGM ) in detection of coronary artery disease in patients with osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis that have symptoms of chest pain through angiography or radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Study Methods and design:100 patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, according to WHO criteria suspected to have ischemic heart disease enrolled in study. The patients were studied by cardio-goniometry and then the results were compared with angiography or MPI of the same patient (selected as standard diagnosis method). then sensitivity and specificity of cardio-goniometry were calculated. Results: 71 patients underwent to angiography and in 29 patients MPI was done. In first a group 42 patients had Coronary artery disease (CAD). In MPI group 18 patients had CAD in CGM.Seventy-one of these patients underwent angiography for diagnose of ischemic heart disease .29 of them diagnosed as healthy. Of the 100 patients, 29 patients were evaluated previously using MPI to determine ischemic heart disease .11 patients diagnosed as healthy. All 100 patients were examined by cardio-goniometry among which 47 subjects were healthy and the rest subjects had significant and nonsignificant ischemia. Statistical analyses didn’t show significant difference between the results of cardio-goniometry with angiography and myocardial perfusion (p Value >0/05). the results showed the sensitivity and specificity of cardiogoniometry compared rather than angiography and cardiac scan was equal to 0/86 and 0/63. Conclusion: CGM can be suitable for screening of ischemic heart disease in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis (who cannot do","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73078271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Essential Oil from Myrtus communis","authors":"Z. Hagos, Afework Mulugeta, V. Gopalakrishnan, K. Chaithanya, B. Nagaraju","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I6.8772","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the study was to extract the essential oil and to determine the physicochemical properties, chemical composition of the essential oil from Myrtus communis leaves by using GC-MS. Methods: 500 g of the powdered material (dried leaves) was subjected to hydro-distillation using Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 hours and the essential oil was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The physicochemical properties essential oil such as solubility, density, specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation, specific rotation, acid value, saponification value and ester value were determined, which are used to determine the quality of essential oils extracted from plant leaves. The chemical composition of the essential oil of Myrtus communis leaves was analysed using GC-MS. Results: The yield of essential oil of Myrtus communis leaves was 0.463  0.001 g/100 gram of dry sample which is 0.463  0.001 % (w/w) with pale yellow colour and pleasant odour. The essential oil of Myrtus communis leaves was slightly soluble in water and ethanol while it was soluble in chloroform, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The essential oil was subjected to GC-MS analyses, twenty eight components representing 99.949 % of the total oil composition. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the extraction of essential oil from Myrtus communis leaves and GC-MS analysis, the essential oil of this plant have a potential of secondary metabolites which can be exploited as a good source of bioactive substances.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75250977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Ability of Drosera indica L.","authors":"K. Asha, S. Hemmalakshmi, S. Priyanga, K. Devaki","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I5.8601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I5.8601","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study is carried out to explore the preliminary phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activity of the whole plant Drosera indica L. Methods: a) Phytochemical screening – The qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites is carried out by the standard qualitative methods. b) In vitro free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of the whole plant Drosera indica L is used for the analysis .Various concentrations (100 – 500mcg/ml) of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Drosera indica L. are used in the various antioxidant assay methods such as reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) radical,2,2’ azinobis-3 ethylbenzothiozoline-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS+) radical, hydroxyl radical (OH.), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) radical , super oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is carried out with the standard protocols. In all the assays ascorbic acid is used as the standard antioxidant. Results: Phytochemical screening of the plants reveal the presence of numerous chemicals including flavanoids, tannins, polyphenols, cardiac glycosides and saponins. The ethanolic extract of Drosera indica L. shows better ability to scavenge ,1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl( DPPH)radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide radical and superoxide radical. FRAP and the reducing power abilities of the ethanolic extract is increased with the increase in concentration of the plant extract. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Drosera indica L. shows better ability to scavenge the free radicals than the aqueous extract. From this study, a conclusion is drawn that Drosera indica L. can have more beneficial effects with respect to the presence of many active secondary metabolites which may likely to combat with the oxidative stress diseases like diabetes, cancer, cardio-vascular diseases and in general boost the immune system.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74118313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Novel Findings on Invitro Anti-Coagulant Activity of Acalypha Indica Linn Leaf Extracts","authors":"A. U, A. S","doi":"10.25258/ijpcr.v9i5.8607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijpcr.v9i5.8607","url":null,"abstract":"The current study focuses on anticoagulant activity of leaf extract of Acalypha indica (A.indica) and to identify the active constituents present and responsible for the anti-coagulation activity. On sequential extraction of plant materials with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethanol and aqueous, crude extracts were obtained and screened for anti-coagulant activity. Anticoagulant activity of six different leaf extracts of A.indica was tested using prothrombin time (PT). In vitro anticoagulation assays were performed with different concentrations of the leaf extract on citrated plasma obtained from healthy volunteer donors. The different concentrations of crude extract tested in the present study were 0.062, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 gm/ml. The anti-coagulant activity of six extracts exhibited a concentration dependent activity. Among the six tested extracts, petroleum ether exhibited a highest activity by increased prothrombin time of 60min and 5 sec at 0.5gm/ml compared to positive and negative control. This is followed by aqueous, n-butanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate extract. It was also noted that ethanol extract showed no prolonged prothrombin time and it was within the normal level as compared to the control. Phytochemical screening of different extracts revealed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, tannin, phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids as secondary metabolites. From the results, for the first time it was highlighted that the A.indica leaf extracts affects the intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade and thus prolongs the clotting time, hence this plant can be used in the management of blood clotting diseases.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91137064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Sleep Disorders in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)","authors":"A. Hussein, A. E. hadidy, N. Gomaa, Y. Amin, T. El-Shabouny","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I5.8594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I5.8594","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep apnea is an important comorbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the increased prevalence of sleep apnea in patients with CKD is well established, few studies have examined the full spectrum of kidney function. We sought to determine the prevalence of sleep apnea and associated nocturnal hypoxia in patients with CKD. We hypothesized that the prevalence of sleep apnea would increase progressively as kidney function declines. 45 patients were recruited from outpatient nephrology clinics, nephrology department, and hemodialysis units. All patients completed an overnight inpatient polysomnograhy test to determine the prevalence of sleep apnea (AHI ≥ 5 events /h) and nocturnal hypoxia (oxygen saturation (SaO2) below 90% for ≥12% of the nocturnal monitoring time). Patients were stratified according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the time of the study visit into three groups as follows: CKD stage 2 (eGFR 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m2) (control group), CKD stages 3 and 4 (eGFR 15 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2), and CKD stage 5 (eGFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2). eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Out of the 45 patients included in our study with the full spectrum of kidney function, ranging from those with eGFR 60 to 89 ml/min./1.73m2 to patients with eGFR less than 15 ml/min./1.73m2, 15 (33.3%) had sleep apnea (Mean AHI; 8.71±5.86). Our study found that prevalence of sleep apnea increased as kidney function declined (Group (I), 20%; Group (II), 36.4%; Group (III), 37.5%). Furthermore, severity of sleep apnea increased as kidney function declined (Group (I), mean AHI: 5.75±0.35; Group (II), mean AHI: 6±1.38; Group (III), mean AHI: 10.6±7.04). We also found that prevalence of nocturnal hypoxia which is characteristically associated with sleep apnea was greater among groups (II) and (III) (27.3% and 16.7%, respectively) than in group (I) (10%). Severity of nocturnal hypoxia increased as kidney function declined (Group (I), 13%; Group (II), 13.6±1.22%; Group (III), 16.75±3.30%). Overall, 8 out of the 45 studied CKD patients (17.8%) had nocturnal hypoxia (Mean SaO2 below 90% for ≥12% of the nocturnal monitoring time; 15.1±2.87%). Our study revealed that as kidney function declined, Apnea/Hypopnea (AHI) indices increased, oxygen desaturation indices increased, minimal peripheral capillary oxygen saturation values decreased, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation time less than 90% increased, and snore indices increased. Also, respiratory distress index (RDI) was higher among groups (II) and (III) than in group (I). However, only differences between groups as regards respiratory distress events, respiratory distress indices, snore events, and snore indices were statistically significant. These results show that as kidney function declines, several respiratory parameters deteriorate during sleep. In addition, wake events and indices, and sleep stage 1 (%) i","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84137221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrophotometeric Determination of Trifluoperazine HCL in Pure Forms and Pharmaceutical Preperations","authors":"M. H. Hamzah, Rawa M. M Taqi, M. M. Hasan, Raid J. M. Al-Timimi","doi":"10.25258/IJPCR.V9I5.8593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25258/IJPCR.V9I5.8593","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method for the determination of Trifluoperazine HCl in pure and dosage forms was developed. The method is based on the reaction between Trifluoperazine HCl and p-chloroaniline in the presence of cerium ion as oxidizing agent which lead to the formation of violate color product that absorbed at a maximum wavelength 570nm while the blank solution was pink. Under the optimum conditions a linear relationship between the intensity and concentration of TRF in the range 4-50μg/ml was obtained . The molar absorptivity 3.74×103 L.mol-1.cm-1 , Limit of detection (2.21μg/ml), while limit of quantification was 7.39μg/ml. The proposed analytical method was compared with standard method using t-test and F-test , the obtained results shows there is no significant differences between proposed method and standard method. Based on that the proposed method can be used as an alternative method for the determination of TRF in pure and dosage forms.","PeriodicalId":19889,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82386689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}