Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Acid-Based Pheromone for Monitoring <i>Diaphorina citri</i>, Vector of Huanglongbing Diseases Under Tropical Climate.","authors":"Haris Setyaningrum, Edhi Martono, Jianhua Mo, Siti Subandiyah, Alan Soffan, Tri Joko","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.383.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.383.391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Diaphorina citri&lt;/i&gt;, also called the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), is a vector for huanglongbing (HLB) disease. It has been identified as a significant problem for citrus farmers worldwide. However, no systematic monitoring programs specifically target ACP populations in the tropics, such as Indonesia. This study tests the efficiency of yellow sticky traps with acid-based attractants, such as acetic (AA), formic (FA) and propionic (PA) acids. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The concentration of each acid was 1 μL acetic acid (AA), 0.25 μL formic acid (FA) and 0.1 μL propionic acid (PA). The study was conducted in three different controlled conditions: Semi-field and open field, with low and high population scenarios. The data obtained were subjected to analysis using a One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95% and differences were analyzed using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In the under-controlled setting, AA was the most effective, with 13 adult ACP captures, which is 4.3 times more than the control (3.00). In the semi-field condition, PA had the best result of 3.8, which is 1.4 times higher than the control (2.6). In the low population scenario of the open field condition, AS had the highest ACP catch of 4.1, which is 17.1 times higher than the control (2.33). On the other hand, the high-population AA condition had the highest result of 13.71 or 4.1 times higher than the control (3.29). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The utilization of acid attractants, whether AA, FA or PA, is effective in increasing the catch of adult ACP under tropical conditions. However, the performance of the three types of acids was not stable in the three series of studies that were conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 6","pages":"383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Potential of <i>Micromelum falcatum</i> Leaf Extracts Against Antibiotic-Resistant Human Pathogens.","authors":"Sutarat Khonkayan, Phongkeat Nareephot, Amphon Kunlauaong, Rujirek Boongapim, Surachai Rattanasuk","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.369.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.369.375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Micromelum falcatum&lt;/i&gt;, a therapeutic plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, has been predominantly utilized in Traditional Chinese Medicine for its efficacy against ailments such as colds and rheumatoid arthritis, in addition to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. This research aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of &lt;i&gt;M. falcatum&lt;/i&gt; extracts against four human pathogenic bacteria. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Extracts were obtained from dried &lt;i&gt;M. falcatum&lt;/i&gt; leaves using solvents including methanol, ethanol, ethyl-acetate, dichloromethane and hexane. The antibacterial activity was assessed against three antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, namely &lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter baumannii&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Stenotrophomonas maltophilia&lt;/i&gt; and multidrug-resistant &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; (MDR-K), as well as the reference strain &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; TISTR 2370. The agar disc diffusion assay served as the primary screening method for antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were determined using a microbroth dilution and colorimetric assay. The results were analyzed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT), which was used to determine significant mean differences at the 95% confidence level. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The hexane extracts demonstrated the most substantial inhibition zone diameter, measuring 10 mm, against &lt;i&gt;A. baumannii&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;S. maltophilia&lt;/i&gt; and P. aeruginose TISTR 2370. The most minimal MIC (3.125 mg/mL) and MBC (6.25 mg/mL) values were observed in the methanolic and ethanolic extracts against &lt;i&gt;A. baumannii&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;S. maltophilia&lt;/i&gt; and MDR-K, respectively. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This constitutes the inaugural documentation of the antibacterial efficacy of &lt;i&gt;M. falcatum&lt;/i&gt; extracts against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The findings from this study present promising prospects for the creation of innovative antibiotic medications and suggest potential therapeutic uses in the management of diseases associated with the bacteria tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 6","pages":"369-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Ethanolic <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. (Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1) Extracts Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria.","authors":"Nipaporn Armassa, Duanpen Wongsorn, Benya Saenmahayak, Surachai Rattanasu","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.1.7","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Amid the escalating challenge of antibiotic resistance, the exploration of new sources has become essential, with plants serving as a promising reservoir of bioactive compounds. &lt;i&gt;Cannabis sativa&lt;/i&gt; has attracted significant research interest for its antimicrobial properties and broad applications in medicine, industry and nutrition. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from the stems and leaves of the Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 strain against twelve human pathogenic bacteria. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Stems and leaves from the Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 strain were subjected to ethanol extraction. The primary antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1 was assessed using the disc diffusion method, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined via the broth microdilution method. The inhibition zone diameter (mm) was analyzed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with the SAS software. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The findings revealed that the ethanolic extract from the leaves of Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 produced the largest inhibition zone diameter of 10.00 mm against &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt; TISTR 008. The MIC and MBC of the leaf extract showed the lowest values of 0.09 and 0.19 mg/mL, respectively, recorded against &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; TISTR 1466. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This is the first report on the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts from the leaves and stems of Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1, which offers potential benefits for developing natural antibiotic drugs to combat infections caused by the tested pathogenic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Cadmium-Reducing Bacteria from Contaminated Coastal Sediment in the Northern Coast of Indramayu, Indonesia.","authors":"Tri Dewi Kusumaningrum Pribadi, Buntora Pasaribu, Kalysta Fellatami, Jiang Mingguo, Azimah Ismail, Choerunnisa Febriani, Ching Fui Fui, Yudi Nurul Ihsan","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.102.110","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.102.110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Cadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metal pollutants and its accumulation impacts the sustainability of marine organisms. Current research aimed to isolate and identify the cadmium-reducing bacteria from contaminated coastal sediment in Karangsong Port, Indramayu, Indonesia. The isolates were investigated for their potential to reduce cadmium and showed the cadmium reduction drastically up to 50% at 6 hrs treated under different cadmium concentrations of 0, 5, 1 and 1.5 ppm, respectively. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Morphological characteristics were observed in most of the isolates. Out of 8 isolates, two selected strains such as Karangsong Cd 3 and Cd 7 were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as &lt;i&gt;Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii&lt;/i&gt; strain KMM 3549 (Acc. No. NR 025139.1) and &lt;i&gt;Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis&lt;/i&gt; GFC strain IAM 14160 (Acc. No. NR 041787.1), respectively. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The cadmium resistance profile showed that the selected isolates were resistant to various concentrations of cadmium (Cd). The isolates reduced the concentration of cadmium drastically up to 50% at 6 hrs. The results demonstrated the two bacteria are possible to remove the cadmium from seawater containing cadmium. The gram staining showed bacterial colony morphology were diplobacilli and coccobacillus. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; These results suggested that the Karangsong Cd 3 and Cd 7 could facilitate the new references of future microbial applications for bioremediation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 2","pages":"102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laccase Characterization from <i>Ganoderma</i> <i>lucidum</i> Grown in Pineapple and Coffee Waste Substrates under Solid Fermentation.","authors":"Tri Yuliana, Annisa Fauziah, Efri Mardawati, Herlina Marta, Ratu Safitri, Annisa Krama","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.16.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.16.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Laccase as a ligninolytic enzyme has been known for its green-catalysis mechanism, which has the potential to be applied to food industries. Lignocellulose found in agro-industrial waste is promising for laccase production as a substrate, that could be encountered in pineapple (&lt;i&gt;Ananas comosus&lt;/i&gt;) and Arabica coffee (&lt;i&gt;Coffea arabica&lt;/i&gt;) industrial residue. To boost enzyme activity, laccase characterization was performed using &lt;i&gt;Ganoderma lucidum&lt;/i&gt; under solid-state fermentation. This study aims to determine the lignocellulosic waste substrate that can produce the highest laccase activity and evaluate the effect of lignocellulosic substrate types under solid-state fermentation. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; There were 3 variants of lignocellulosic substrates used, consisting of pineapple peel, pineapple leaf and coffee husk. Characterization was carried out during pre-production by determining lignocellulose composition by Van Soest method and qualitative assay of &lt;i&gt;G. lucidum&lt;/i&gt; laccase, continued with post-production including dry cell weight, pH measurement during fermentation and laccase activity. Laccase activity was statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The characterization indicated that the type of substrate used had the potential to be used as a substrate in laccase production from &lt;i&gt;G. lucidum&lt;/i&gt; under solid-state fermentation. The highest laccase activity was obtained on sample coffee husk S&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; on the 8th day of incubation with average values of laccase activity 2622.07±68.49 U/L. Based on ANOVA results, types of lignocellulosic waste substrates used have significant effects on laccase activity. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Ganoderma lucidum&lt;/i&gt; has the potential to produce laccase enriched with pineapple waste and coffee husk substrates under solid fermentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Antibacterial Activity of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> (L.) Kurz Extracts Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Roi Et Hospital.","authors":"Surachai Rattanasuk, Premruthai Hamcumpai, Methus Wongkamjan, Rujirek Boongapim, Auemporn Junsongduang","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.88.94","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.88.94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Oroxylum indicum&lt;/i&gt;, a plant commonly used in traditional medicine to address various human ailments, has recently gained attention as a promising candidate in this regard due to its rich phytochemical composition and potential antibacterial properties. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of &lt;i&gt;O. indicum&lt;/i&gt; extracts, specifically from its leaves and stems, against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Stems and leaves of &lt;i&gt;O. indicum&lt;/i&gt; were extracted using ethanol, hexane and dichloromethane. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was initially evaluated through the disc diffusion method, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined using the broth microdilution method. The inhibition zone diameters (mm) were statistically analyzed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in SAS software at a p-value threshold of <0.05. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The ethanolic stem and leaf extracts of &lt;i&gt;Oroxylum&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;indicum&lt;/i&gt; produced the largest inhibition zone of 11 mm against &lt;i&gt;Proteus mirabilis&lt;/i&gt;, highlighting a significant antibacterial response. Further analysis showed that the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded at 1.56 mg/mL in these ethanolic extracts, effective against both &lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter baumannii&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Proteus mirabilis&lt;/i&gt;. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was observed at 6.25 mg/mL for these bacteria, indicating a potent bactericidal effect. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This study represents the first documented instance of &lt;i&gt;O. indicum&lt;/i&gt; extracts effectively targeting antibiotic-resistant bacteria, thereby underscoring their potential as a foundation for developing new antibiotics. The findings pave the way for further research and development, contributing to the critical pursuit of novel therapeutic agents to combat resistant bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 2","pages":"88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties of Diketopiperazines from <i>Streptomyces antimicrobicus</i> BN122, an Endophyte in <i>Oryza sativa</i> var. glutinosa.","authors":"Thongchai Taechowisan, Thanaporn Chuen-Im, Waya S Phutdhawong","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.27.37","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.27.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objectives:&lt;/b&gt; This study characterized a bacterial strain, BN122, isolated from the root tissues of purple sticky rice (&lt;i&gt;Oryza sativa&lt;/i&gt; L. var. glutinosa). Identified as &lt;i&gt;Streptomyces antimicrobicus&lt;/i&gt; based on 16S rDNA analysis and physical-chemical properties, the aim was to isolate and evaluate the antibacterial and anticancer activities of its bioactive compounds. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The major compounds were purified from BN122's culture extract using column chromatography and TLC. The NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry confirmed their identities as Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Val), Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu), Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Trp) and Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe). The antibacterial and anticancer activities of these compounds were subsequently assessed. Statistical significance was determined using SPSS software. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Isolated compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 32 to 256 μg/mL, while minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were between 128 and 512 μg/mL. Compounds demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values ranging from 32.00 to 57.08 μg/mL for MDA-MB-231 cells, 85.73 to 158.93 μg/mL for HeLa cells and 276.89 to 323.48 μg/mL for HepG2 cells. Notably, these compounds exhibited moderate toxicity towards non-cancerous Vero cells (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 482.73 to 680.87 μg/mL). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The findings suggested that &lt;i&gt;Streptomyces antimicrobicus&lt;/i&gt; BN122 produces compounds with promising antibacterial and anticancer properties. Further research on these compounds could contribute to developing novel therapeutic strategies for bacterial infections and certain cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Black Soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr] by Using RAPD and ISSR Markers.","authors":"Thanh Tuan Nguyen, Van Loc Nguyen, Quoc Khanh Nguyen, Truong Son Dinh, Thi Huong Giang Doan, Thi Lieu Le","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.38.47","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.38.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Black soybeans [&lt;i&gt;Glycine max&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Merr] are among the important crops, but the cultivated resources are normally low-yielding, susceptible to diseases and low profit. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the genetic diversity of black soybean germplasms for breeding programs. This study investigates the genetic diversity of 22 black soybean varieties by RAPD and ISSR markers. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty two black soybean genotypes in Vietnam were evaluated for genetic diversity by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Data were scored following a binary matrix and analyzed using NTSYSpc 2.1 (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System). &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; All 20 RAPD and 11 ISSR markers produced scorable bands. As 230 loci were investigated over the population, of which 107 were polymorphic, accounting for 46.5%. The collection of 22 black soybean varieties had a relatively close relationship with high genetic similarity coefficients, ranging from 0.71-0.99. Two main genetic clusters were classified. The RAPD markers showed better performance than ISSR markers in evaluating the genetic diversity of these 22 black soybean varieties. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The results of this study display that 22 Vietnamese black soybean varieties are relatively identical in genetics. The study is suitable for breeding programs to improve black soybean varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutraceutical and Ethnopharmacological Properties of <i>Searsia lancea</i> (L.f.) F.A.Barkley (Family Anacardiaceae): A Narrative Review.","authors":"Alfred Maroyi","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.60.69","DOIUrl":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.60.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;i&gt;Searsia lancea &lt;/i&gt;(L.f.) F.A.Barkley is an evergreen tree well-known for its edible fruits and is also widely used in traditional medicine. The current study was aimed at documenting medicinal and traditional uses of &lt;i&gt;S. lancea&lt;/i&gt; and its phytochemical and pharmacological properties. Research articles on nutraceutical and ethnopharmacological properties of &lt;i&gt;S. lancea&lt;/i&gt; were searched from online databases such as PubMed&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;, Web of Science, SciELO, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;, SpringerLink&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; and Scopus&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; and also pre-electronic literature obtained from the university library. &lt;i&gt;Searsia lancea&lt;/i&gt; is used as ethnoveterinary medicine and as traditional medicine for fever, measles, sores, wounds, diabetes, sexually transmitted infections, gastrointestinal problems and skin and respiratory infections. Chemical compounds identified from &lt;i&gt;S. lancea&lt;/i&gt; include alcohol, alkane, amide, flavonoids, naphthalene, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, anthraquinones and volatile compounds. &lt;i&gt;Searsia lancea &lt;/i&gt;crude extracts demonstrated anthelmintic, antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anticholinesterase (AChE), anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and nematicidal activities. This review highlights the need for detailed nutraceutical and ethnopharmacological studies of &lt;i&gt;S. lancea&lt;/i&gt; focusing on its nutritional, phytochemical, biological and toxicological properties, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 2","pages":"60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of <i>Curcuma mangga</i> Extracts Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: Natural Alternative for Combating Multidrug Resistance.","authors":"Nonthanan Phonphan, Waranan Phonphan, Kawinthida Punyavong, Krittaphat Pumipuntu, Ekkwit Chaichamnong, Surachai Rattanasuk","doi":"10.3923/pjbs.2025.403.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2025.403.409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Curcuma mangga&lt;/i&gt;, commonly known as mango ginger, is a medicinal plant renowned for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and digestive health benefits, attributed to its high content of curcuminoids and essential oils. This study aims to assess the antibacterial potential of &lt;i&gt;C. mangga&lt;/i&gt; extracts against five antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and five standard pathogenic reference strains. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;C. mangga&lt;/i&gt; rhizomes were dried, ground into powder and individually extracted using ethanol, dichloromethane and hexane. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the microbroth dilution method to find the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Statistical analysis was performed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to show significant differences among mean values at a 95% confidence level. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The dichloromethane and hexane extracts exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect, showing the lowest MIC value of 0.049 mg/mL against multidrug-resistant &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Stenotrophomonas maltophilia&lt;/i&gt;. The dichloromethane extract showed the strongest bactericidal effect against &lt;i&gt;S. maltophilia&lt;/i&gt;, with the lowest MBC value of 1.56 mg/mL. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This study is the first to prove that &lt;i&gt;C. mangga&lt;/i&gt; extracts exhibit significant antibacterial and bactericidal activity against several antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including multidrug-resistant &lt;i&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S. maltophilia&lt;/i&gt;. These findings highlight the potential of &lt;i&gt;C. mangga&lt;/i&gt; as a natural antimicrobial agent and lay the groundwork for the development of plant-based alternatives to address the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19800,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 6","pages":"403-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}