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Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

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Population Variability and Developmental Time Studies of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) Reared on Different Populations of Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) 不同种群饲养的黄斑小蜂(膜翅目:小蜂科)种群变异及发育时间研究
Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2008-07-23 DOI: 10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39035
H. Abraha, E. Getu, E. Seyoum
{"title":"Population Variability and Developmental Time Studies of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) Reared on Different Populations of Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)","authors":"H. Abraha, E. Getu, E. Seyoum","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39035","url":null,"abstract":"Variability of two populations of Cotesia flavipes and Chilo partellus was studied for reproductive success and developmental time under laboratory conditions. Fourth instar larvae of two populations of C. partellus (Ziway and Melkasa) were exposed to a day old mated adult female of two populations of C. flavipes (Ziway and Melkasa) to study the variability in reproductive success. The developmental time of the two geographical populations of C. flavipes reared on C. partellus obtained from the two different locations was also studied under four temperatures (20°C, 25°C, 28°C and 30°C). The experiments were designed in a complete randomized design. When both the parasitoid and the host were from the same location, the number of dead larvae inside the host and dead cocoons were significantly lower (p Keywords : Cotesia flavipes ; Chilo partellus ; Melkasa population; population interaction; Ziway population. Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: pp. 177-188","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125331599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review Article: A Review on the Microbiology of Indigenous Fermented Foods and Beverages of Ethiopia 综述文章:埃塞俄比亚本土发酵食品和饮料微生物学研究进展
Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2008-07-23 DOI: 10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39036
M. Ashenafi
{"title":"Review Article: A Review on the Microbiology of Indigenous Fermented Foods and Beverages of Ethiopia","authors":"M. Ashenafi","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39036","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms have been playing a pivotal role in the fermentation of human foods and beverages since the beginning of human civilisation. Fermented foods and beverages are defined as products obtained through desirable biochemical changes caused by the action of microorganisms or enzymes. In indigenous fermented foods, the microorganisms responsible for the fermentation are usually the microflora naturally present on the raw substrate. Fermentation is one of the oldest and most economical methods of producing and preserving food and is found to destroy undesirable components, to enhance the nutritive value, flavour and taste of the food, and to make the product safe from pathogenic microorgansisms. Fermented foods are produced world-wide using various manufacturing techniques, raw materials and microorganisms. However, there are only four main fermentation processes: alcoholic, lactic acid, acetic acid and alkali fermentation. Alcohol fermentation results in the production of ethanol, and yeasts are the predominant organisms (e.g. wines and beers). Lactic acid fermentation (e.g. fermented milks and cereals) is mainly carried out by lactic acid bacteria. Acetobacter convert alcohol to acetic acid in aerobic conditions as in the production of vinegar. Alkali fermentation is basically a proteolytic type and often takes place during the fermentation of fish and","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123893680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 105
Spasmolytic Activity of the Aqueous Root Extract of Solanum incanum , Solanaceae 龙葵(Solanum incanum, Solanaceae)根水提取物的解痉活性
Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2008-07-23 DOI: 10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39032
A. Assefa, K. Urga, M. Guta, D. Melaku, W. Mekonen, M. Melesse, A. Senbeta, T. Kidanemariam
{"title":"Spasmolytic Activity of the Aqueous Root Extract of Solanum incanum , Solanaceae","authors":"A. Assefa, K. Urga, M. Guta, D. Melaku, W. Mekonen, M. Melesse, A. Senbeta, T. Kidanemariam","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39032","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum incanum L. (Solanaceae) is an annual herb that is used in the traditional medicine of Ethiopia for treating stomach and intestinal disorders. The spasmolytic activity of aqueous root extract of S. incanum was assessed on contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum, induced by acetylcholine, and compared with the effect of atropine. The aqueous root extract of S. incanum inhibited the response to acetylcholine in a concentration-dependent manner (EC= 0.215 mg/ml) similar to atropine which indicated that the extract is a relaxant of guinea pig isolated ileum. In addition to its antispasmodic activity in vitro , the extract inhibited charcoal travel in mice intestine by 36.28, 51.45, 52.93 and 38.53 percent in doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. As the inhibition of contractile activity of the ileum is the base of the treatment of some gastrointestinal disorders such as colic, S. incanum may have clinical benefits for treatment of these conditions. Phytochemical screening of the root of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The50 alkaloids in the plant might be responsible for the anti-cholinergic activities observed. Results of acute toxicity study showed that the mice did not show any sign of conventional toxicity when administered doses of up to 15,000 mg/kg body weight orally. Keywords : Anti-spasmodic; Crude extract; Solanum incanum . Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: pp. 137-146","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121662285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Effect of Water Deficit Stress on the Physiology, Growth and Leaf Cell Ultrastructure of Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor r (L.) Moench) 水分亏缺胁迫对高粱生理、生长及叶片细胞超微结构的影响Moench)
Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2008-07-23 DOI: 10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39034
W. Bayo, N. Rethman, P. Hammes, C. V. D. Merwe, J. Grimbeek, M. V. D. Linde
{"title":"Effect of Water Deficit Stress on the Physiology, Growth and Leaf Cell Ultrastructure of Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor r (L.) Moench)","authors":"W. Bayo, N. Rethman, P. Hammes, C. V. D. Merwe, J. Grimbeek, M. V. D. Linde","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39034","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted in growth chambers to study the response of sorghum cultivars to water deficit stress. Seven sorghum cultivars were evaluated under three water deficit levels [control (-0.05 MPa), mild stress (-0.27 MPa), and severe stress (-0.96 MPa)] in a hydroponic culture in a completely randomised block design replicated three times. The three water deficit levels were created by adding 0, 10 and 20% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) to the nutrient solution. The results indicated that water deficit, especially severe water deficit (-0.96 MPa), severely affected the growth and physiology of sorghum. Water deficit stress reduced plant height, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, water use efficiency, root length, and stomatal density. Water deficit stress increased stomatal closure and thus leaf diffusive resistance. Stressed plants deposited larger amounts of epicuticular wax on leaf surfaces and stomatal openings. Water stress significantly reduced the amount of starch grains in the chloroplasts. Sorghum cultivars displayed distinctive response to water deficit stress for many of the parameters. Jigurti, Gambella 1107 and Meko grew better than P9403 and SA1486 under water deficit conditions. Jigurti showed no significant reduction in any of the growth parameters even under severe water deficit (-0.96 MPa) conditions. Keywords : Epicuticular wax; Leaf diffusive resistance; Leaf relative water content; Starch; Stomata; Water use efficiency. Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: pp. 161-176","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116932594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Some Basic Physical And Mechanical Properties Of The Valuable Hagenia abyssinica Timber And Their Interactions: Imlpication For Its Rational Utilization 有价值的深海海雕木材的一些基本物理力学性能及其相互作用:对其合理利用的启示
Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2008-07-23 DOI: 10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39031
G. Desalegn
{"title":"Some Basic Physical And Mechanical Properties Of The Valuable Hagenia abyssinica Timber And Their Interactions: Imlpication For Its Rational Utilization","authors":"G. Desalegn","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V5I2.39031","url":null,"abstract":"Among the overlooked major causes in Ethiopia that led to the destruction of forests, inappropriate utilization and endangering of the valuable tree species such as Hagenia abyssinica are lack of technical information on basic properties of wood and its utilization methods. The objective of this study was, therefore, to determine the basic physical and mechanical properties of H. abyssinica at green and dry conditions, their interactions and effect on its timber utilization. The study showed that there was significant difference (p Keywords : Density; Hagenia abyssinica; Mechanical properties; Moisture content; Seasoning of wood; Uses. Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: pp. 117-135","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132267693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Fruit flies infesting Arabica coffee in Tepi, southwestern Ethiopia. 在埃塞俄比亚西南部的特皮，果蝇侵扰阿拉比卡咖啡。
Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2007-09-14 DOI: 10.4314/EJBS.V4I2.39023
E. Mendesil
{"title":"Fruit flies infesting Arabica coffee in Tepi, southwestern Ethiopia.","authors":"E. Mendesil","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V4I2.39023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V4I2.39023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117189763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
MASS CULTURE OF APHANIZOMENON FLOS-AQUAE RALFS EX BORN. AND FLAH. VAR. FLOS-AQUAE (CYANOBACTERIA) FROM KLAMATH FALLS, OREGON, USA, IN CLOSED CHAMBER BIOREACTORS. 幻影现象的大众文化——水花的诞生。和FLAH。美国俄勒冈州克拉马斯瀑布市的水藻变种(蓝藻)，在密闭的生物反应器中。
Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2007-09-14 DOI: 10.4314/EJBS.V4I2.39019
H. Debella
{"title":"MASS CULTURE OF APHANIZOMENON FLOS-AQUAE RALFS EX BORN. AND FLAH. VAR. FLOS-AQUAE (CYANOBACTERIA) FROM KLAMATH FALLS, OREGON, USA, IN CLOSED CHAMBER BIOREACTORS.","authors":"H. Debella","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V4I2.39019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V4I2.39019","url":null,"abstract":"Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Ralfs ex Born. and Flah. var. flos- aquae (Cyanobacteria) was sampled from Upper Klamath lake and subjected to batch culture of 15-litre bioreactors. Growth characteristics viz. doubling time (Dt), specific growth rate (µ), temperature requirement, biomass and chlorophyll-a concentrations were studied during exponential growth phase at a fixed light intensity of 40-45 micromole in a CT medium. CT growth medium when supported by CO2 from a chemical byproduct in a connected chemical reactor resulted in better growth characteristic than either ASM or ASM-1 in literature. A relationship of dry weight (dw) and absorbance of the culture in CT medium was developed for calculations without the absolute need of the time-consuming dry weight measurements. Maximum measured dry weight obtained at this growth condition after 120 hours is 151 g/m 3 . The best growth temperature studied in this work is 20 o C with a supply of CO2. Results are compared with previous findings in the literature and recommendations are made for mass cultivation.","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"37 13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132893674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Interactions between common rust, uromyces appendiculatus , and fusarium wilt, fusarium oxusporum f.sp. phaseoli , on common beans 普通锈病尾尾尿霉菌与枯萎病镰刀菌的相互作用。菜豆里的菜豆
Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2007-09-14 DOI: 10.4314/EJBS.V5I1.39028
B. Admassu, B. Hau
{"title":"Interactions between common rust, uromyces appendiculatus , and fusarium wilt, fusarium oxusporum f.sp. phaseoli , on common beans","authors":"B. Admassu, B. Hau","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V5I1.39028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V5I1.39028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114764221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
In-situ (on-farm) conservation dynamics and the patterns of uses of sorgham ( Sorghum bicolar (L.) Moech landraces in North Shewa and South Welo, Ethiopia 高粱(Sorghum bicolar (L.))地(场)保护动态与利用模式Moech在埃塞俄比亚的北谢瓦和南韦洛
Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2007-09-14 DOI: 10.4314/EJBS.V4I2.39021
A. Abdi, Zemede Asfaw Z. Asfaw
{"title":"In-situ (on-farm) conservation dynamics and the patterns of uses of sorgham ( Sorghum bicolar (L.) Moech landraces in North Shewa and South Welo, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Abdi, Zemede Asfaw Z. Asfaw","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V4I2.39021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V4I2.39021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121698516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A new species of commiphora (Burseraceae) from Ethiopia 标题埃塞俄比亚刺麻科刺麻属一新种
Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2007-09-14 DOI: 10.4314/EJBS.V5I1.39025
T. Soromessa
{"title":"A new species of commiphora (Burseraceae) from Ethiopia","authors":"T. Soromessa","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V5I1.39025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V5I1.39025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126150766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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