{"title":"New mapboard concepts for electric operations","authors":"P. Blaeser","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1994.326245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1994.326245","url":null,"abstract":"Functional requirements and individual preferences from an operations standpoint should be the only criteria dictating selection of a mapboard system. This is especially important for distribution system mapboards. Certain mapboard systems that have been available for many years such as steel pegboard and plastic mosaic tile systems have limitations regarding level of graphic detail, size of graphic elements, placement of dynamic points on the mapboard due to physical design and constraints of the graphic surface, and ease of updating. The new technology covered in this presentation has no limitation regarding graphic layout, scale, level of detail, color, format, graphic mediums, and location of LED status indicators. Geographic and schematic formats are accommodated with equal ease and effectiveness. Familiar symbols can be duplicated exactly. Existing mapboards can be overlaid with modular graphic panels to reduce cost. In some cases, graphic modules can be placed directly onto existing wall surfaces, eliminating the need for framework. This technology can utilize digital map files to an optimum degree and the image can be plotted directly onto the steel graphic modules. If digital files are not available, manually drafted maps and diagrams can be used. Updating by the owners' personnel is easy and straight forward.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":182639,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128368416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Map display in utility vehicles","authors":"J. Bourguignon, P. Daly, C. Clift","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1994.326244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1994.326244","url":null,"abstract":"In 1992, Cobb Electric Membership Cooperative (EMC) of Marietta, Georgia found a need to expand the benefits recognized as a result of their AM/FM implementation to other nontraditional areas, such as line maintenance. With over 115000 customers covering 415 square miles in a rapidly growing metropolitan region, Cobb EMC needed to automate its external operations. Through funds provided by the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) Rural Electric Research (RER) Program, Cobb EMC, together with Power System Engineering (PSE), Madison, Wisconsin has completed a visionary project which automates the access of digital maps and facility data in the field. The in-vehicle map access project effectively eliminated the need for traditional truck map books by replacing them with notebook computers. The new computerized system automates the process of locating outages, customers, and facilities by providing a digital map and associated database which contains descriptive information about each facility and customer. The net result is a system which enables line personnel to rapidly access up-to-date maps and facility data before they reach the problem site.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":182639,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121736256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fundamental concepts of regulating distribution system voltages","authors":"P. Sen, S. L. Larson","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1994.326252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1994.326252","url":null,"abstract":"A power distribution system distributes power from a substation to the point of power utilization. Voltage drops occur naturally on distribution systems. It is designed to keep the voltages near the nominal values, and usually within a few percent limit. Besides load balancing, electric utilities commonly use both voltage regulators and shunt capacitors to maintain voltages within the design limits. This paper addresses what factors to be considered when deciding whether regulators, capacitors, or load balancing or a combination is most appropriate to provide the needed voltage support.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":182639,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124492707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Procedure for designing concrete-encased ductlines for medium voltage cables","authors":"K. Mara","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1994.326255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1994.326255","url":null,"abstract":"The design techniques for concrete-encased ductline systems are different than the standard direct buried URD systems typically found in small commercial and residential developments. Methods are presented to assist in the design of these systems including laying out the systems, determining the proper conduit sizes and configuration, specifications for manholes, locating manholes and switchgear, installation of cable, and provisions for racking the cable. The cost of concrete-encased ductlines is very high and the methods outlined herein will help to reduce the overall cost of construction and improve the performance of the system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":182639,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115935530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced engineering methods for optimizing and integrating distribution planning with demand-side management and dispersed generation","authors":"H. Willis, W. Scott","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1994.326260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1994.326260","url":null,"abstract":"Including demand-side management and dispersed generation, along with distribution automation in the planning of a transmission and distribution (T&D) system requires a number of additions and changes to traditional T&D planning methods. This paper identifies the major issues that must be faced and describes a planning method that has been successfully applied to a number of electric utility planning projects. Example plans using this method are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":182639,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127481945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response of dairy cattle to transient voltages and magnetic fields","authors":"D. Reinemann, L. Stetson, N. Laughlin","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1994.326248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1994.326248","url":null,"abstract":"Stray voltages in dairy facilities have been studied since the 1970s. Previous research using steady state AC and DC voltages has defined cow-contact voltage levels which may cause behavioral and associated production problems. This research was designed to address concerns over possible effects of transient voltages and magnetic fields on dairy cows. Dairy cow response to transient voltages and magnetic fields was measured. The wave forms of the transient voltages applied were: 5 cycles of 60 Hz AC with a total pulse time of 83 ms, 1 cycle of 60 Hz AC with a total pulse time of 16 ms, and 1 cycle of an AC square wave (spiking positive and negative) of 2 ms duration. Alternating magnetic fields were produced by passing 60 Hz AC fundamental frequency with 2nd and 3rd harmonic and random noise components in metal structures around the cows. The maximum magnetic field associated with this current flow was in excess of 4 gauss. A wide range of sensitivity to transient voltages was observed among cows. Response levels from 24 cows to each transient exposure were normally distributed. No responses to magnetic fields were observed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":182639,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129410591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The application of single-phase voltage regulators on three-phase distribution systems","authors":"M. Bishop, J. Foster, D. Down","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1994.326251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1994.326251","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage regulators are applied on distribution systems to control the voltage delivered to customers within acceptable industry standards. Concerns about the quality of electric power delivered to customers by electric utility companies have raised the level of awareness of high and low voltage conditions at customer facilities. Normally occurring voltage drops through lines end transformers vary with the load level on the system. Voltage regulators, when properly applied, can compensate for these voltage drops and keep customer voltage within proper limits. Single-phase voltage regulators can be applied on three-phase systems in a variety of ways, including grounded-wye, open-wye, closed-delta, and open-delta. The capabilities of the regulator systems are effected by the system design. This paper reviews the characteristics of the closed-delta and wye applications, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each application scheme. The impact of the regulator connection on the overcurrent protection scheme is also reviewed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":182639,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115247036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interfacing engineering analysis with automated mapping","authors":"W. Carr","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1994.326259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1994.326259","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in engineering analysis and mapping software have allowed electric utilities to interface the mapping database with the engineering analysis database. This interface may be in the form of a simple \"flat file transfer\" of a static analysis database definition or as complex as an embedded interface of a dynamically defined analysis database. Regardless of the complexity of the interface, the ability to build and update the analysis database from data already entered and maintained on the automated mapping database results in improved analysis accuracy and significant reduction in database labor.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":182639,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115748486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed intelligence on distribution SCADA systems","authors":"J. Kischefsky, D. Down, D. Flinn","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1994.326246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1994.326246","url":null,"abstract":"Today's electric power systems must serve a vastly different load than only a few years ago. With this change comes a new set of performance problems and opportunities for system reliability. Fortunately, significant advances in microprocessor based controls are occurring to prevent this from happening. This paper discusses these advances with respect to the distribution system as they relate to distribution automation control, monitoring, and protection. The effects of applying this equipment along the distribution feeders as well as in substations are discussed. This paper also shows arrangements that offer improved overall system reliability. Practical examples and application guidelines based on communication protocols are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":182639,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125561043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of weather on rural electric cooperative demand","authors":"S. Rastogi, G. Roulet","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1994.326258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1994.326258","url":null,"abstract":"Rural electric cooperative load consists of mainly residential consumers. The residential consumer load is very sensitive to weather and causes low load factor to the overall cooperative load, which drives the peak demand up. This cost is reflected on the purchased power demand and eventually high cost to its members. It is necessary to determine this weather component of the demand and control it. This paper discusses the load shape of the cooperative load and establishes relationship of the demand and weather to determine weather demand. For simplicity the most significant weather factor-temperature and hourly variation is considered in the relationship.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":182639,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129918881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}