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[Rare, but existing clinical entity - the neuroendocrine cancer of the bladder]. [罕见，但存在的临床实体-膀胱神经内分泌癌]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2021-12-07 Epub Date: 2021-11-15
Béla Pikó, Anita Kis, Ibolya Laczó, Tibor Mészáros, Ali Bassam
{"title":"[Rare, but existing clinical entity - the neuroendocrine cancer of the bladder].","authors":"Béla Pikó,&nbsp;Anita Kis,&nbsp;Ibolya Laczó,&nbsp;Tibor Mészáros,&nbsp;Ali Bassam","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The neuoroendocrine cancer of the bladder is a rare tumor, and from this entity the well-differentiated tumors with favorable prognosis, the paraganglioma with unfavorable prognosis, small and large cell types of tumors should be emphasized. From the methods of the anticancer therapies operation can be eligible by itself in the first group but in the second group should form only the part of the multimodal treatment. Radiotherapy plays a role only in the treatment of the small and large cell tumors and during the treatment of these tumors the administration of the cytostatic drugs is also essential (mainly platina derivates). Somatostatin analogs, immune checkpoint inhibitors could be beneficial in special cases and some tumor agnostic treatment can be useful as well. Moreover, the palliative treatment should represent an important modality even in the early treatment period but it should also be provided when no other treatment options are left.</p>","PeriodicalId":18175,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"65 4","pages":"355-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39812135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Molecular classification of bladder cancer in 2021]. 【2021年膀胱癌分子分类】。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2021-12-07 Epub Date: 2021-10-20
Gábor Lotz, Ildikó Kocsmár, József Tímár
{"title":"[Molecular classification of bladder cancer in 2021].","authors":"Gábor Lotz,&nbsp;Ildikó Kocsmár,&nbsp;József Tímár","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer belongs to the high mutation burden cancers due to the genetic alterations in non-conventional DNA repair systems such as ERCC2. Bladder cancer is characterized by mutations of FGFR3, HER-2 and HRAS and translocations of FGFR3 and PPARG. The papillary luminal form is the FGFR3 mutant, the unstable luminal version is the HER-2 mutant, while in the basal form EGFR amplification can be detected. Prognosis of bladder cancer is also defined by molecular features such as the claudin and MMP expressions and chromosomal alterations detected by UroVysion test. Last but not least, molecular aberrations are strong predictive factors: high mutation burden defines sensitivity toward immunotherapies, ERCC2 and HER-2 mutations define sensitivity toward chemotherapy, BRCA1/2 mutations define sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, tumors with FGFR3 mutation are prone to FGFR inhibitors while HRAS mutations define sensitivity to farnesyltransferase inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18175,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"65 4","pages":"301-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39576719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Forward directions for targeted treatment of urothelial tumors]. 【尿路上皮肿瘤靶向治疗的未来方向】。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2021-12-07 Epub Date: 2021-11-15
Zsófia Küronya, Krisztina Biró, Lajos Géczi, Anikó Maráz
{"title":"[Forward directions for targeted treatment of urothelial tumors].","authors":"Zsófia Küronya,&nbsp;Krisztina Biró,&nbsp;Lajos Géczi,&nbsp;Anikó Maráz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard therapy for inoperable, locally advanced, or metastatic urothelial tumors. Although the initial response rate with combination chemotherapy is very high, the median survival is approximately 15 months. Secondary chemotherapy has had modest clinical benefit and toxicity, with the breakthrough coming from the introduction of checkpoint inhibitory immunotherapies. After chemotherapy and immunotherapy, there is currently no accepted standard of care in the third line. Based on the results of the two phase II and one phase III studies available so far, the use of targeted treatments in tertiary treatment may be a new direction. The purpose of our review is to present these clinical trials, and we would also like to draw attention to promising targeted therapies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":18175,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"65 4","pages":"348-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39576725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Immunotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer]. 晚期尿路上皮癌的免疫治疗。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2021-12-07 Epub Date: 2021-11-10
Lajos Géczi, Tamás Dienes, Zsófia Küronya, Anikó Maráz, Krisztián Nagyiványi
{"title":"[Immunotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer].","authors":"Lajos Géczi,&nbsp;Tamás Dienes,&nbsp;Zsófia Küronya,&nbsp;Anikó Maráz,&nbsp;Krisztián Nagyiványi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin containing chemotherapy has proven benefit for muscle-invasive locally advanced and metastatic urothelial cancer. The carboplatin based combinations are less effective in these settings. In most cases for the platinum based chemotherapy ineligible patients only the best supportive care could be given. The treatment options have expanded in the past few years with the introduction of systemic immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors. We review the relevant clinical trials' data which can completely transform the treatment landscape of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18175,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"65 4","pages":"339-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39576724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Local care and systemic drug treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder tumors]. 【非肌性浸润性膀胱肿瘤的局部护理与全身药物治疗】。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2021-12-07 Epub Date: 2021-11-01
Péter Riesz, Dániel Juhász, Terézia Petra Kovács, Judit Vargha, Tibor Szarvas
{"title":"[Local care and systemic drug treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder tumors].","authors":"Péter Riesz,&nbsp;Dániel Juhász,&nbsp;Terézia Petra Kovács,&nbsp;Judit Vargha,&nbsp;Tibor Szarvas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. It can be divided into non-muscle invasive and muscle-invasive groups according to depth of tumor invasion. Based on the significant differences regarding their biological behavior, propensity to progress, and therapy responsiveness these two groups are discussed seperately. Treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancers has traditionally been performed by urologists, but recent advances in the field predict that clinical oncologists may have a more intense role in high-risk non-muscle invasive cases. In the present study, we summarize the current surgical and pharmacological treatment options for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18175,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"65 4","pages":"313-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39576721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Pathology of tumors of the urinary bladder, aspects and expectations of the histological report (TUR, cystectomy)]. [膀胱肿瘤的病理、病理方面及病理组织学报告(TUR，膀胱切除术)的期望]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2021-12-07 Epub Date: 2021-11-20
Eszter Székely, Farkas Sükösd
{"title":"[Pathology of tumors of the urinary bladder, aspects and expectations of the histological report (TUR, cystectomy)].","authors":"Eszter Székely,&nbsp;Farkas Sükösd","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urothelial tumors are among the most frequently occurring malignancies. The patients' clinical outcome can be diverse after recognition of the presence of the tumor. The result of the histology report (grade, histologic subtype, stage) makes remarkable impact on treatment strategies. There are innumerable papers (debates) in the literature concerning the best methods in classification, stage determination, application of immunohistochemical markers (to possibly avoid false negative, false positive results) and the use of molecular biological examinations. The authors attempt to draw attention on the everyday diagnostic difficulties of the \"general pathologist\", through their own experience and the latest reports of the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":18175,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"65 4","pages":"291-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39576718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[New aspects of chemotherapy and indications for maintenance immunotherapy in urothelial cancers]. 尿路上皮癌维持免疫治疗的化疗和适应症的新方面。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2021-12-07 Epub Date: 2021-10-20
Anikó Maráz, Linda Varga, Boglárka Pósfai, Lajos Géczi, Zsófia Küronya
{"title":"[New aspects of chemotherapy and indications for maintenance immunotherapy in urothelial cancers].","authors":"Anikó Maráz,&nbsp;Linda Varga,&nbsp;Boglárka Pósfai,&nbsp;Lajos Géczi,&nbsp;Zsófia Küronya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy for the treatment of urothelial and bladder cancers has focused on renewed indications in light of clinical trials of modern therapies, which are described in our review. In stage T2-T4a N0-1 M0 cases, that are suitable for cisplatin, surgery is performed after neoadjuvant cisplatin- based chemotherapy. Less significant result is observed with adjuvant chemotherapy, especially in pT3-4 and/or N+ stage, if no neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment of cisplatin-eligible metastatic patients. First-line choice in chemo-fit cases with cisplatin ineligibility can be carboplatin- based chemotherapy. 4-6 cycles of cisplatin or carboplatin cause stable disease or regression, maintenance avelumab immunotherapy improves patient's survival. For those patients who progress during or after platinum-based chemotherapy, the effectiveness of chemotherapy in the second/multiple lines is less favourable in comparison with immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Modern antibody - cytotoxic drug conjugates have been discovered in the form of enfortumab vedotin and sacituzumab govitecan, and currently they seem to be effective in the third line after chemotherapy and immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18175,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"65 4","pages":"329-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39576723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Modern surgical treatment of urothelial tumors]. 【现代外科治疗尿路上皮肿瘤】。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2021-12-07 Epub Date: 2021-11-20
Péter Tenke, Norbert Fábián, Zalán Németh
{"title":"[Modern surgical treatment of urothelial tumors].","authors":"Péter Tenke,&nbsp;Norbert Fábián,&nbsp;Zalán Németh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urothelial cell tumors are the most common malignant urinary tract lesions, affecting the bladder in the majority of cases, however, 5% of the tumors occur in the upper urinary tract (urethra, renal pelvis). About 2,000 new diseases occur in Hungary every year and due to this tumor, almost 1,000 deaths occur in every year. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of radical surgery indicated in patients with non-invasive and muscle-invasive urothelial cancer, as well as its international recommendations. Based on the AUA and EAU guidelines, the latest and standard treatment options are described. Transurethral resection (TUR) is still a gold standard in the initial diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The indication for radical cystectomy in addition to muscle invasive tumors (T2-T4a, N0-Nx, M0) is BCG resistant in T1G3 (evidence level: 3, recommendation level: B). Risk stratification is of paramount importance for the future treatment and follow-up of patients with bladder urothelial cell tumors. Although the proportions of changes in surgical care lag behind the novelties of urooncological treatments, advances in surgical technique, urinary tract reconstruction, and multimodal therapy may continue to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with bladder urothelial cell tumors. Tenke P, Fábián N, Németh Z. Modern surgical treatment of urothelial tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18175,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"65 4","pages":"307-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39576720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Trimodal, organ-preserving treatment of organ-confined, muscle-invasive bladder cancer]. [器官受限的肌肉浸润性膀胱癌的三模式器官保留治疗]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2021-12-07 Epub Date: 2021-11-30
Péter Ágoston, Kliton Jorgo, Zsuzsa S Kocsis, Levente Varga, László Gesztesi, Zoltán Takácsi-Nagy, Csaba Polgár
{"title":"[Trimodal, organ-preserving treatment of organ-confined, muscle-invasive bladder cancer].","authors":"Péter Ágoston,&nbsp;Kliton Jorgo,&nbsp;Zsuzsa S Kocsis,&nbsp;Levente Varga,&nbsp;László Gesztesi,&nbsp;Zoltán Takácsi-Nagy,&nbsp;Csaba Polgár","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radical cystectomy is the gold standard treatment in localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer according to today's guidelines. However, in many cases, surgery is not possible due to the patient's general condition, or the patient refuses bladder removal. In such cases, as well as in some selected patients suitable for surgery, trimodal organ preservation therapy is an alternative, which provides the patient with similar survival, local tumor control, so that 80% of patients retain their bladder. In some cases, due to complications or a muscle-invasive local recurrence in the bladder, the bladder may not be retained. At this point, a salvage cystectomy can still save the patient's quality of life and life. Adequate patient selection is a prerequisite for effective trimodal therapy. We summarize the components of organ-preserving treatment, including radiation therapy, its state-of-the-art technology, results and side effects. The results and toxicity of trimodal treatment are compared with those of radical cystectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18175,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"65 4","pages":"319-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39576722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Molecular classification of pancreatic cancer]. [胰腺癌的分子分类]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2021-10-06 Epub Date: 2021-08-10
József Tímár
{"title":"[Molecular classification of pancreatic cancer].","authors":"József Tímár","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with outstandingly poor prognosis caused by several factors among which one is that it is predominated by mutant KRAS oncogene. Genomic studies revealed that clinically useful therapy targets are present only in the DNA repair deficient subgroup and in the minor wild type KRAS-carrying group. However, phylogenetic studies defined four molecular subgroups of pancreatic cancer among which the immunogenic progenitor form could well be the target of immunotherapies. Furthermore, this group may well be the one characterized by DNA repair deficiency and high tumor mutational burden. Furthermore, the majority of familiar pancreatic cancers could also be found in this latter subgroup. Unfortunately, the G12C mutation of KRAS in pancreatic cancer is rare, therefore pancreatic cancer patients could not benefit from the recent revolution of KRAS target therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18175,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"65 3","pages":"201-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39514337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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