Kazan medical journal最新文献

{"title":"Hematological changes and structural morphological changes in the liver and spleen in mice against the background of acute toxic effects of cyclophosphan","authors":"G. N. Kokaya, A. A. Kokaya, E. A. Vasilieva, Maria S. Guseva, I. Mukhina","doi":"10.17816/kmj321903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj321903","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Disturbances in the body associated with bone marrow failure caused by the administration of lethal doses of cyclophosphan to animals make it possible to use this experimental model to solve important pathophysiological problems. \u0000Aim. To reveal hematological changes and structural morphological changes in the liver and spleen in mice against the background of acute toxic effects of lethal doses of.cyclophosphan. \u0000Material and methods. The studies were performed on 200 outbred male mice weighing 2729 g. Acute cytotoxic syndrome was modeled by a single intraperitoneal injection of a solution of cyclophosphan at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg of body weight. Blood sampling for hematological studies was carried out on the 3rd, 6th, 10th and 15th days of intoxication, and the removal of the liver and spleen for morphological studies was performed on the 6th and 15th days. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 and MS Excel. Results were presented as mean (M) standard error of the mean (mx). To determine the significance of differences between groups with a significance level of p 0.05, Fisher's test and MannWhitney U-test were used. \u0000Results. Mortality against the background of acute cytotoxic action of cyclophosphan at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg reached 83.3 and 100%. The initial content of leukocytes in the peripheral blood of mice was (8.62.3)109/l, and on the 6th day of intoxication it decreased to (1.00.3)109/l and (0.60.1)109/l (p=0.01). Blast cells of all hematopoietic lineages were present in blood smears. In the morphological picture of the spleen, the connective tissue stroma was sharply distinguished, and the white and red pulps were almost completely absent. Signs of acute toxic effects of cyclophosphan were found in the liver tissue. \u0000Conclusion. The course of acute cytotoxic syndrome caused by cyclophosphan is accompanied by high mortality, the development of pancytopenia, pronounced destructive changes in the spleen tissue and toxic changes in the liver tissue.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84602367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous bilirubinometry versus total serum bilirubin measurement for newborns","authors":"","doi":"10.17816/kmj562790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj562790","url":null,"abstract":"This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: OkwunduCI, OlowoyeyeA, UthmanOA, SmithJ, WiysongeCS, BhutaniVK, FianderM, GauthamKS. Transcutaneous bilirubinometry versus total serum bilirubin measurement for newborns.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023. Issue5. Art. No.: CD012660. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012660.pub2.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139355716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newly identified common variable immunodeficiency in an elderly patient with rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Oksana V. Moskaletc, Yuliya Ju. Tchuksina","doi":"10.17816/kmj192271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj192271","url":null,"abstract":"Common variable immunodeficiency is a group of heterogeneous diseases that are primary immunodeficiencies with a predominant lack of antibody synthesis. The most common manifestation is chronic infectious pathology of the respiratory tract, less often of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as septic arthritis. Non-infectious manifestations include autoimmune diseases, non-infectious diarrhea, cancer, benign lymphoid hyperplasia. In one patient, a combination of several syndromes is possible. Unlike most other primary immunodeficiencies that debut in early childhood, this pathology often manifests in the third or fourth decade of life, and sometimes later in apparently healthy people. Although the routine laboratory method for determining the concentration of the main classes of immunoglobulins makes it quite easy to identify patients with common variable immunodeficiency, often the diagnosis is made many years after the onset of the first clinical symptoms, when serious complications have already developed. The disease is characterized by a gradual onset, chronic progressive course and ineffectiveness of standard therapy. The main method of treatment is lifelong replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins. The article considers a clinical case when an elderly patient with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis with a juvenile onset was diagnosed many years later. The results of immunological studies, including immunophenotyping of peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes, are presented. Issues of differential diagnosis with secondary hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphoproliferative diseases are highlighted. It has been stated that until now, doctors of various specialties are not sufficiently familiar with the problem of primary immunodeficiencies, especially when it comes to adults, and non-infectious manifestations dominate in the clinical picture.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76949430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues of surgical treatment of tumors considered at the meetings of the Saratov Physico-Medical Society in the last quarter of the 19th century","authors":"E. N. Kurochkina, A. I. Zavyalov, A. S. Tolstokorov, Evgeny Yu. Osincev, Yuri V. Kovalenko","doi":"10.17816/kmj109465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj109465","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the scientific and practical contribution of the Physico-Medical Society to the formation and development of oncology and achievements in providing medical care to patients in the Saratov province at the end of the 19th century. The work was done on the basis of the minutes of the meetings and the proceedings of the society in 18761900 and annual reports of the provincial zemstvo and city hospitals, indicating not only an increase in the number of patients with neoplasms, but also an improvement in clinical diagnostic methods, an expansion of indications for surgical treatment and rehabilitation measures after surgical interventions. The most interesting clinical cases and rare localizations of neoplasms are presented, brief speeches of members of the society when discussing reports, are given, that may be of not only historical and medical, but also of great clinical interest to modern practitioners. Published materials show that the diagnosis and surgical treatment of neoplasms in patients at the end of the 19th century were carried out at a high professional level.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85637655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of plant adaptogen in the correction of parameters of the hemostasis system during ­emotional-immobilization stress in the experiment","authors":"L. A. Obraztsova, Yu. A. Bondarchuk, I. Shakhmatov, I. N. Manaeva, S. V. Lisina","doi":"10.17816/kmj217671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj217671","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Maladaptive changes on the part of various organs and systems, in particular on the part of the hemostasis system, are manifested in extreme forms of physical inactivity, one of which is immobilization stress. If the organism is also subjected to psycho-emotional effects at the same time, then the combined effect of stressors is accompanied by an increase in maladaptive disorders. \u0000Aim. To establish the influence of emotional-immobilization stress on the hemostasis system, as well as the possibility of correcting changes by taking a course of eleutherococcus. \u0000Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on male rats, which were divided into four groups: the first group (n=14) control, the second group (n=14) animals treated with eleutherococcus for 30 days, the third group (n=14) rats, subjected to a single 3-hour water-immersion dipping, the fourth group (n=14) animals that took eleutherococcus for 30 days before the water-immersion dipping. The state of the hemostasis system was assessed in all experimental groups. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Statistica 10.0 package (Statsoft, USA). Significance of differences was assessed using the nonparametric MannWhitney test and Student's t-test. \u0000Results. A single immobilization effect was accompanied by hypercoagulable changes, which characterized by shortening of the silicone (p=0.001) and kaolin (p=0.002) time. Completion of the 30-day adaptogen intake followed by emotional immobilization stress was accompanied by an increase in silicone (p=0.001), kaolin (p=0.021), prothrombin (p=0.021) and thrombin (p=0.006) time, which indicated hypocoagulation changes. \u0000Conclusion. The immobilization effect is characterized by hypercoagulability against the background of a decrease in the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity of the blood plasma; the course intake of eleutherococcus prior to immobilization is accompanied by hypocoagulant changes and an increase in the anticoagulant activity of the blood plasma.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83105372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with the development of a lethal hospital outcome in patients with pulmonary embolism in different age groups","authors":"E. A. Shmidt, S. Berns, O. Barbarash, A. Erlikh, D. Duplyakov","doi":"10.17816/kmj111914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj111914","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The study of the tactics of managing patients with pulmonary embolism in the hospital period allows to find new approaches to treatment to reduce mortality. At the same time, it is known that the risk factors for death in patients of different age categories differ. \u0000Aim. To study the features of the course of the disease and risk factors for a fatal hospital outcome in patients with pulmonary embolism in different age groups of participants in the All-Russian registry, which was named SIRENA (RusSIan REgister of pulmoNAry embolism). \u0000Material and methods. The study included 570 patients with pulmonary embolism (database of the SIRENA multicenter registry in 20182019), who underwent a standard examination. They were divided into two groups according to age: the first group was 1869 years old inclusive (n=369), the second group was 70 years and older (n=201). Differences in clinical history, laboratory and instrumental parameters in the studied groups of patients were assessed. Statistical comparison of data was performed using the MannWhitney test, Pearson test, and Fisher's exact test. For a quantitative description of the closeness of the association of a sign with the outcome of the disease, the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was determined. \u0000Results. In the group of patients aged 1869 years, deaths occurred 3 times less frequently than in the group of patients aged 70 years and older (8.9 vs 26.3%; p 0.0001). The risk of death increases in the presence of atrial fibrillation by 2.6 times (p=0.032), anemia with hemoglobin 113 g/l by 4.3 times (p=0.0002), chronic kidney disease by 5.5 times (p=0.001), increase in blood creatinine 125 mmol/l 5.8 times (p 0.001). Additional risk factors in patients aged 70 years and older are ischemic heart disease (p=0.02), a history of stroke (p=0.003), and immobilization for 12 months prior to hospitalization (p 0.0001). \u0000Conclusion. In patients aged 1869 years, atrial fibrillation, anemia, and impaired renal function are fatal risk factors; at the age of 70 years and older, along with these, previous immobilization and comorbid cardiovascular pathology have an adverse effect.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88385464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of inotropy in the isolated rat heart","authors":"I. Khabibrakhmanov, A. Zefirov, N. Ziyatdinova, M. Mukhamedyarov, T. Zefirov","doi":"10.17816/kmj321736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj321736","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Although activation of 1-adrenergic receptors is not required for myocardial contractility, 1-adrenergic receptors can provide significant support for myocardial inotropy in various heart diseases. \u0000Aim. To study the participation of 1A- and 1B-adrenergic receptors in the force contraction regulation of the left ventricle of an isolated rat heart. \u0000Material and methods. Isolated hearts of 20-week-old rats were perfused with KrebsHenseleit solution according to the Langendorff method. The most important indicator of the inotropic function of the heart, the pressure developed by the left ventricle, was recorded using a latex balloon placed in the cavity of the left ventricle. At the 1st stage of the work, the effects of blockers of 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes on the force of contractions of an isolated heart were evaluated. At the 2nd stage, the effect of non-selective stimulation of 1-adrenergic receptors by methoxamine was studied. At the 3rd stage, the effect of methoxamine was evaluated against the background of selective blockade of 1A- or 1B-adrenergic receptors. Statistical analysis of data was performed using Statistica 6.0 software. The significance of changes between dependent data was assessed using the Wilcoxon test. To assess the differences between two sets of independent data, the MannWhitney U-test was used. Changes were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. \u0000Results. Infusion of the 1A-adrenergic blocker WB4101 at a concentration of 106 mol/l led to an increase in the force of contraction of the isolated heart by 5.6% (p=0.048). Blocker of 1B-adrenergic receptors chloroethylclonidine dihydrochloride at a concentration of 108 mol/l caused a decrease in the force of contraction of the heart by 15% (p=0.046). Stimulation of 1A-adrenergic receptors with methoxamine (108 mol/l) led to a decrease in pressure developed by the left ventricle of an isolated heart by 47% (p=0.002). Preliminary blockade of 1A-adrenergic receptors significantly reduced the severity of the negative inotropic effect of methoxamine on the left ventricular myocardium. Preliminary blockade of 1B-adrenergic receptors changed the direction of the inotropic effect of methoxamine on the myocardium of the left ventricle of an isolated heart. \u0000Conclusion. Non-selective stimulation of 1-adrenergic receptors by methoxamine leads to a significant decrease in cardiac inotropy, while preliminary blockade of 1A- or 1B-adrenergic receptors reduces the severity of this effect.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83119389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune сheckpoint inhibitors in ovarian cancer","authors":"V. N. Zhurman","doi":"10.17816/kmj114964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj114964","url":null,"abstract":"The review considers modern immunotherapy for ovarian cancer with immune checkpoint inhibitors that interfere with the ability of the tumor to activate control proteins on the surface of T-cells, preventing cancer from evading the immune response and allowing the immune system to generate an antitumor response. The presence of spontaneous tumor-specific T-cells in cancer patients is a factor in creating ways to overcome the blockade of the immune system's ability to inactivate tumor cells. The use of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies makes it possible to influence the checkpoints of immunity, leads to the activation of the immune response, blocking the interaction of the PD-1 protein with the corresponding PD-L1/PD-L2 ligands and the attack reaction on tumor cells. The antitumor effect is achieved by releasing effector T-cells, reducing the function, number and suppressor activity of intratumoral Tregs. For antitumor drug therapy, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies are used. This therapy is accompanied by various adverse events that are associated with the ability of PD-1 to interact with CD80 and the second PD-L2 ligand. Encouraging results of anti-PD-1/PD-L therapy in ovarian cancer resistant to platinum-containing chemotherapy may become an additional option in the treatment against the progression of ovarian cancer.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82735226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of nutritional status and body mass index of patients on the prognosis and course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"D. A. Prokonich, T. Saprina, E. Bukreeva, Anna Y. Sadovnikova, Anastacia K. Chuprunova","doi":"10.17816/kmj112434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj112434","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the relationship of nutritional status with the risk of development, course features and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is of considerable scientific and practical interest, but remains poorly understood. However, in clinical practice, it is customary to calculate only the body mass index, but this indicator cannot provide a complete characterization of the nutritional status. We have reviewed the data of publications indicating the conditionality of the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by the value of the body mass index, the amount of muscle mass of the body and such parameters of adipose tissue as its distribution in the body, hormonal activity and production of systemic chronic inflammation markers. To assess the dynamics of body mass index and spirometric parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 76 publications that were selected by the keywords COPD, BMI in the Scopus, PubMed, eLibrary databases for 19952022, were analyzed. Correlation analysis was carried out using Spearman's test. As a result, there was a trend towards an increase in body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in different countries and an improvement in spirographic parameters in a cohort of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over time. The data of the reviewed studies indicate the presence of a relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and nutritional status. At the same time, the mechanisms of the relationship between the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and adipose tissue dysfunction, as well as the role of adipose tissue and body composition in the course of the disease and its prognosis, have not been sufficiently studied.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87860295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in heart rate under the influence of nitroglycerin in patients with stable angina pectoris of functional classes III and IV in combination with hypertension","authors":"E. Safronova, L. V. Ryabova, U. V. Kharlamova, E. Grigoricheva, I. Tantsyreva","doi":"10.17816/kmj101214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj101214","url":null,"abstract":"Background. For many years, nitroglycerin has been the primary treatment for coronary pain in patients with angina pectoris, but its effect on heart rate is not fully understood. \u0000Aim. To study the change in heart rate under the influence of nitroglycerin in patients with stable angina pectoris of functional classes III and IV in combination with hypertension. \u0000Material and methods. The study included 122 men aged 40 to 65 years (mean age 58.425.8 years) with stable exertional angina of functional classes III and IV in combination with hypertension. A rhythmocardiographic study was performed with simultaneous recording of an electrocardiogram initially and 5 minutes after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. The number of ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles was assessed in each vegetative test (background, Valsalva, Ashner, active orthostatic and with physical activity) initially and after taking nitroglycerin. To evaluate the compared values, the mean value, standard error of the mean, maximum, minimum, frequencies, Wilcoxon criteria, Pearson's 2 were calculated. \u0000Results. Under the influence of sublingual intake of nitroglycerin, the number of supraventricular extrasystoles decreased in approximately 7% of patients in the background sample, in the rest, an increase prevailed in 7.49.0% of patients, depending on vegetative test. At the same time, the number of ventricular extrasystoles decreased in the background (in 13.9% of patients) and orthostatic (in 9.8%) samples, in the rest, their growth prevailed in 917% of patients, depending on vegetative test. \u0000Conclusion. Sublingual use of nitroglycerin leads to an increase in the number of supraventricular extrasystoles, as well as a variable effect on ventricular extrasystoles, depending on the vegetative test performed.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84964835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}