{"title":"ARKTOS New Developments","authors":"B.H.J.W. Seligman, F. Bercha","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2012-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-140","url":null,"abstract":"The ARKTOS vehicle is an amphibious craft system capable of operation in a wide range of Arctic ice conditions and seastates. It is approved as an evacuation system by various regulators, including the US Coast Guard (USCG), and is currently operational in several marine cold regions as an EER and utility system. Following is a description of recent additional operational and ergonomical tests of the 52 Person USCG Approved ARKTOS Evacuation Craft. This description is followed by a summary of some of the ongoing developments for the system in oil spill control, ice management, and its extension to new applications in forestry and pipeline construction in swampy locations. As part of a reliability investigation of the ARKTOS EER capability, a series of non-Arctic calm condition manoeuvrability and performance drills were carried out to focus on both global performance and operator ergonomic factors. These tests were carried out at a temperate location in the Fraser River Delta and Robert’s Bank, near Vancouver, B.C. Operation of the Craft in deep water with jets only, shallow water using both tracks and jets, and on tidal flats above water using tracks only. The planned utilization of the Craft by ENI Petroleum, Inc. in the Beaufort Sea is described. Next, descriptions of some other current new developments for oil spill cleanup, river and sea ice management, and disaster response applications are given. Conclusions and recommendations for further developments and reliability improvements are given.","PeriodicalId":177475,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012","volume":"306 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123057838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alaska OCS Oil Spill Occurrence Probabilities","authors":"F. Bercha, R. Prentki, Caryn Smith","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2012-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-142","url":null,"abstract":"Probabilistic estimates of oil spill occurrences are used in the development of environmental assessments for hypothetical developments in the US Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Due to the limited offshore oil development in this region, it was not possible to base these oil spill probability estimates on empirical data from that region. Rather, statistically significant non-Arctic empirical data from the US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and world-wide sources, together with their variance, were used as a starting point. Next, both the historical non- Arctic frequency distributions and spill causal distributions were modified to reflect specific effects of the Arctic setting, and the resultant fault tree model was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation to adequately characterize uncertainties treated as probability distribution inputs to the fault tree. A series of studies, associated with successive lease sale scenarios between 2000 and 2006, was carried out directed at developing and applying the fault tree methodology. In addition, a study directed solely at updating the GOM data was carried out. The series of studies consisted of five Beaufort Sea and/or Chukchi Sea application studies and the GOM data update studies. This report summarizes the methodology and gives results of its application to the estimation of oil spill probabilities and their characteristics for the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas region based on the most recent studies and statistics through 2006 Ongoing studies will incorporate OCS data through 2010 and will capture the loss of well control frequencies including the Macondo well.","PeriodicalId":177475,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131969082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design Considerations of Arctic FPSOs","authors":"Guangda Li","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2012-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-103","url":null,"abstract":"FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading) vessels are ideally suited for development of remote-region projects because tankers and onsite storage are needed to transport crude oil to markets. Therefore, an FPSO offers an attractive development solution to deepwater fields in the Arctic where fixed platforms are not feasible from either technical or commercial perspectives. In this paper, the existing technology of the turret-moored disconnectable FPSO is presented first. Then, design considerations of a disconnectable mooring system are discussed based on the additional requirement of load transfer, disconnected subsea system, disconnections and reconnections. These requirements often conflict with the ones of flow assurance, topside layout, ventilation and fire protection. These conflicting requirements are also discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":177475,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132491367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tracking Ice during an Oil Well Blowout in the Arctic","authors":"G. Pilkington, D. Mcgonigal","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2012-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-168","url":null,"abstract":"If a blowout at an offshore well in the Beaufort Sea continued into the winter, oil would be painted on the underside of the moving pack ice. The analysis in this paper indicates that a significant quantity of oil trapped under the ice would be in the form of large pools as a result of the ice moving very slowly or stopping Oil entrapped under the ice migrates to the ice surface in the spring. On-ice cleanup activities should commence at the locations of these large pools of oil.","PeriodicalId":177475,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012","volume":"231 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120886450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determining Feasibility of Using an Open Water Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit in the Chukchi Sea","authors":"R. Shafer, K. Soofi, P. Noble, C. Yetsko","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2012-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-115","url":null,"abstract":"ConocoPhillips was awarded Chukchi Sea leases in February 2008. The initial assumption for Exploration drilling was to use a drillship with a Subsea Blowout Preventer. This is how the previous five Chukchi Sea wells were drilled in 1989, 1990, and 1991. An average open water season, approximately 100 days, and ice alerts advancements, primarily detection based, would allow the use of different type Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU). This paper will describe how hazardous ice was defined for a particular MODU and its associated ice alerts system. Key areas of focus will be the use of high resolution radar in detecting hazardous ice, delineation of the open water season and planned ice alerts system.","PeriodicalId":177475,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132919879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing Crew Operations in Extreme Environments: Arctic Shipping vs. Outer Space","authors":"L. Wickman","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2012-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-116","url":null,"abstract":"Working in extreme environments presents serious challenges to crewmembers. This paper compares and contrasts various aspects of the working environments of outer space and cold climate (i.e., Arctic) shipping, looking at similarities and differences between the two, as well as lessons that might be transferable from one to the other. These transferable lessons might be found in the arenas of tools, equipment, protective gear, crew health, safety, habitability, ergonomics, operations, or some combination of the above. The two industries both stand to benefit from a deliberate comparison of challenges, technologies and lessons learned.","PeriodicalId":177475,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130954047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Shah Alam, C. Daley, B. Colbourne, G. Hermanski, Bob Gagnon, S. Bruneau, G. Clarke, B. Quinton
{"title":"Double Pendulum Dynamic Impact Test Set-up for Ice-grillage Collision","authors":"Md Shah Alam, C. Daley, B. Colbourne, G. Hermanski, Bob Gagnon, S. Bruneau, G. Clarke, B. Quinton","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2012-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-134","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details the development of a double pendulum dynamic impact test apparatus to study the behavior of collisions between ice and structural grillages, typical of those used in ship structures. Direct collisions between ice and ships involve high impact energy and can cause substantial damage to the ship structure. In order to apply this type of impact energy in a controlled and repeatable way, a double pendulum dynamic impact test frame has been developed. The frame consists of two pendulums: one to carry an ice sample and the other to carry a test grillage structure. The overall size of the apparatus is 4m × 5m × 8m. The live weight of each pendulum is approximately 3000 kg. In operation, the pendulums will be lifted and then released simultaneously to impact each other in a vertical position. The frame is instrumented to measure the impact force and deflection of the grillage.","PeriodicalId":177475,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115937584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Ice Management Success in Pack Ice","authors":"R. McKenna, B. Wright","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2012-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-151","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of ice management success is important for ensuring the safety of floating structures in sea ice environments. The context is the ISO 19906 standard for arctic offshore structures, which specifies ice load requirements. General aspects of ice management systems that influence success are described and a specific example for the Beaufort Sea is provided to illustrate a way of determining managed swath width based on drift forecasting capabilities. Regulatory objectives are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":177475,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124003841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ice Induced Shock Response Experiments","authors":"G. Clarke, John Dolny, Hoon-Kyu Oh, C. Daley","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2012-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-126","url":null,"abstract":"As novel and innovative design concepts are developed for Arctic commodity transport, relevant ice-structure interaction scenarios and corresponding ice load models will be pivotal for direct design practices and the development of new codes and standards. For example, the parallel midbody region of membrane-type liquid natural gas carriers (LNGC) is comprised of the hull structure and delicate mastic materials, integral to the cargo containment systems (CCS). For Arctic LNGCs, this type of hull geometry can be susceptible to flat-on flat ice impacts. The current ice-structure interaction models which form the basis of classification requirements do not explicitly consider this scenario. However, these impacts can potentially induce a shock response beyond the hull structure and through the CCS which can compromise the integrity of the CCS and may result in loss of cargo or other extreme consequences. Preliminary numerical simulations of ice floe impacts on ice-class LNGC hull structures have shown this type of shock response as a result of flat-on-flat collisions. This paper aims to investigate the nature of flat-on-flat ice collisions and subsequent structural response through controlled physical experiments and further analyzed thought explicit dynamic finite element analysis.","PeriodicalId":177475,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122087649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong-Ho Nam, Inha Park, Ho-Jin Lee, Young Gyo Seo, Kyungsik Choi
{"title":"An Algorithm to Estimate the Thickness of Broken Arctic Ice Using an Image","authors":"Jong-Ho Nam, Inha Park, Ho-Jin Lee, Young Gyo Seo, Kyungsik Choi","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2012-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-110","url":null,"abstract":"The thickness of ice is the major factor affecting the rapid and safe cruise of icebreaking vessels. Unfortunately, measuring the ice thickness has been known to be a difficult task. An approach to measure the ice thickness by analyzing the video clips of ice breaking is introduced. From a series of still shots, the broken section of the ice is identified using image processing techniques such as conversion of color space, edge detection, boundary motion, and various digital smoothing filters. The algorithm developed is verified by comparing the results with measured data.","PeriodicalId":177475,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, September 20, 2012","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130987301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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