Ghana journal of agricultural science最新文献

{"title":"Carcass characteristics and serum metabolites of finishing broiler chickens fed 8% crude fibre diets at three energy levels with or without enzyme","authors":"R. Salami, A. Odunsi","doi":"10.4314/GJAS.V53I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJAS.V53I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the carcass characteristics and serum metabolites of broiler finishers fed 8% CF diets with or without Roxazyme®G 2 G inclusion at three energy levels maintained at constant, calorie: protein ratio, for 56 days. One hundred and forty-four unsexed Obamarshal day-old broiler chickens were allotted to six dietary treatments at 24 birds per treatment of three replicates. The six treatments diet were produced from three basal diets for each phase at caloric concentrations of 2600, 2800 and 3000 ME (kcal/kg) to which 0 and 200 mg of Roxazyme®G 2 G were added per kg diet. Each replicate group was provided feed and water ad libitum in the deep litter and battery cage cells during the starter and finisher phases each of 28-day period respectively. Carcass parameters, gut length, organ weights and serum metabolites were measured according to established standard methods. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance in accordance with 2x3 factorial arrangement and means separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at P 0.05) affected by treatment diets. It was therefore, concluded that higher dietary ME levels with or without enzyme increased carcass fat, blood glucose and cholesterol levels which must be considered in broiler chicken production for the health benefit of broiler consumers. Thus, it is recommended to produce broiler chickens on 8% CF diet at 2600 ME (kcal/kg) diet with the supplemental Roxazyme®G 2 G in order to reduce carcass fat, blood cholesterol and glucose without compromising carcass yield.","PeriodicalId":174273,"journal":{"name":"Ghana journal of agricultural science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121071525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and severity of cassava mosaic disease in farmer’s fields in Ghana","authors":"S. K. Torkpo, Y. Gafni, E. Danquah, S. Offei","doi":"10.4314/GJAS.V53I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJAS.V53I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) was carried out in Ghana from 2007-2008 to assess CMD incidence, infection type, severity and adult whitefly population. A total of 136 farmers’ fields across major cassava producing areas in the Brong Ahafo, Western, Northern, Ashanti and Volta regions were assessed. CMD was prevalent in most of the 136 fields surveyed. Frequently encountered local landraces were susceptible to the disease. CMD incidence reached 100% in farmers’ fields. Mean disease incidence ranged from 46% in the Ashanti region to 90% in the Western region of the country. CMD incidence averaged 66.0%, with cutting-borne infection and Whitefly-borne infections being 54.0% and 12.0%, respectively. CMD shoot symptom severity ranged from 2.0 to 3.7 in the farmers’ fields, with a mean of 2.9. Mean adult whitefly population was 0.47. The high prevalence of CMD requires a concerted effort in the management of CMD in the country.","PeriodicalId":174273,"journal":{"name":"Ghana journal of agricultural science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128153092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ruminal plastic bags on haematological and biochemical parameters of sheep and goats","authors":"H. Otsyina, P. Mbuthia, J. Nguhiu-Mwangi, E. Mogoa, W. Ogara","doi":"10.4314/GJAS.V53I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJAS.V53I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out with the objective of determining the haematological and blood biochemical parameters in sheep and goats with plastic bags in the rumen for a period of 42 days. This was to indicate the possible influence of plastic bags in the rumen on blood parameters. 16, one-year old castrate Dorper sheep with a mean body weight of 26.8 kg (± 0.3 kg) and 16 one-year old castrate small East African goats with a mean weight of 24.5 kg (± 0.3 kg) were used for the study. The 16 sheep and 16 goats were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals each (n = 4). Three groups of each species were implanted with 129 g, 258 g and 387 g of plastic bags, respectively, in the rumen through rumenotomy and the fourth group of each species was control on which rumenotomy was done but with no implanting of plastic bags. Blood samples were obtained by jugular venipuncture from all sheep and goats every 2 weeks for analysis. The only haematological parameter that had significant change was platelets, which significantly ( p < 0.05) increased in both sheep and goats with plastic bags in the rumen. However, mean values of erythrocytes, packed cell volume, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume decreased but not significantly in the sheep and goats with plastic bags in the rumen. The sheep and goats with plastic bags in the rumen had hyponatraemmia, hypochloridaemia and decreased aspartate aminotransferase enzyme activity. The changes observed in haematological and biochemical parameters could be an indication of adverse effects on the production and well-being of sheep and goats that ingest these plastic bags. These finding may be of diagnostic importance in cases of rumen impaction with indigestible foreign bodies, particularly, plastic bags.","PeriodicalId":174273,"journal":{"name":"Ghana journal of agricultural science","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134109683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of rice under different water regimes and plant nutrient sources","authors":"J. Ofori, D. K. Enning, S. Narh, C. Amoatey, J. Ofosu-Anim","doi":"10.4314/GJAS.V53I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJAS.V53I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was carried out at the Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, University of Ghana, Kpong in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of different soil water condition and plant nutrient sources on the growth and yield of rice. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Water regime and nutrient source were the main and sub-plot factors, respectively. Water regimes included; continuous flooding (CS), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and moist soil condition between field capacity and permanent wilting point (MC) while the nutrient fertilizer treatments included no fertilizer (N0), 90 kg N/ha mainly from urea fertilizer (N1), 90 kg N/ha from 12.8 tons of compost (N2) and 45 kg N/ha from urea fertilizer + 45 kg N/ha from 6.4 tons of compost (N3). Results from the study revealed that keeping the soil periodically in aerobic and anaerobic condition through AWD method of water management recorded similar growth and grain yield of rice as with complete submergence of paddy field. Combination of inorganic fertilizer and compost for each to supply 45 kg N/ha under AWD produced the highest rice growth and grain yield. There was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and growth parameters (plant height, chlorophyll content and above ground biomass accumulation).","PeriodicalId":174273,"journal":{"name":"Ghana journal of agricultural science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126611625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential fish yield and Physico-chemical characteristics of Weija reservoir in Ghana","authors":"T. Quarcoopome, R. Asmah","doi":"10.4314/GJAS.V53I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJAS.V53I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Weija Reservoir is an important resource for the production and supply of potable water, fish and irrigation services in Ghana. The study was undertaken to estimate the potential fish yield of Weija Reservoir to provide information for planning and management and to address the challenges of paucity of information on the potential fish yield of reservoirs in Ghana. Fish and water samples were collected monthly between March and December 2011 at Intake, Machigeni and Galilea sampling stations in the Weija Reservoir. Based on the physico-chemical parameters evaluated, the Weija Reservoir is adequate for fish survival, growth and production despite indications of low levels of organic contamination. Estimates of mean fish yield and potential fish yield for the three (3) stations based on morpho-edaphic index indicate that Machigeni has the highest yields followed by Intake and Galilea due to differences in anthropogenic activities, contamination and species richness. Monthly variations in potential fish yield and physico-chemical parameters follow similar pattern at all three sites with Machigeni recording the highest values and Intake the lowest. For the section of the reservoir sampled, the mean potential fish yield was 68.27 kg ha -1 while the mean fish yield was 229.45 t yr -1 giving indication of declining fish yield compared to the earlier life of the reservoir which is attributable to physico-chemical, environmental, biological and anthropogenic changes. For successful fisheries management, regular monitoring of the fish species as well as control of fish habitat and environmental degradation are recommended.","PeriodicalId":174273,"journal":{"name":"Ghana journal of agricultural science","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116720857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of small-scale enterprises in agricultural development agendas: Insights from oil palm processing enterprises in the Kwaebibirem District of Ghana","authors":"C. Osei‐Amponsah, P. Agbotse, F. Swanzy, T. Stomph","doi":"10.4314/GJAS.V52I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJAS.V52I1","url":null,"abstract":"Small-scale oil palm processing enterprises are important avenues of rural employment and livelihoods, but often receive little attention at the policy level. These enterprises are usually characterized as having 'poorly maintained structures', 'very inefficient operations', 'outside the formal economy' and production of 'low quality palm oil'. This article investigates the innovation capacity of small-scale oil palm processing enterprises and their relevance for the development of the oil palm industry in Ghana. The article uses a bottom-up innovation approach through a joint experimentation and profitability analysis, together with a researcher-managed experiment, to help processors learn how to produce quality palm oil and analyse different market options. Findings indicate that, the small-scale processors are capable of experimenting to acquire the knowledge and innovation needed to support agricultural development. The way to go, therefore, is not to 'exclude' these enterprises from the development blueprint, but to assist them build capacity through a bottom-up innovation approach, which integrates science and practice, as well as multistakeholders.","PeriodicalId":174273,"journal":{"name":"Ghana journal of agricultural science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115863015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting the modes of action of insecticides and acaricides to manage the development of resistance in arthropod pests in Ghana","authors":"K. D. Ninsin","doi":"10.4314/GJAS.V51I0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJAS.V51I0","url":null,"abstract":"The importation and use of insecticides and acaricides in agriculture and public health are on the increase in Ghana, while populations of arthropod pests have developed resistance to some active ingredients. However, effective strategies for managing arthropod pest resistance in Ghana are lacking due to the absence of appropriate research for developing effective resistance management strategies. For instance, laboratory studies to evaluate cross-resistance patterns and stability of resistance are not conducted in Ghana. Laboratory studies to determine the mechanisms of resistance to specific active ingredients are also not conducted. In Ghana, resistance research is focused on the detection of esterases in field populations of pests, complemented by resistance ratio which is computed in a wrong manner as the susceptibility of test population divided by the recommended field concentration of active ingredient. Until the right research for developing effective strategies to manage resistance are conducted, the modes of action (MoAs) of active ingredients could be used to help manage resistance development. However, in Ghana, insecticide and acaricide recommendation and their use indicate that the knowledge on exploiting MoAs for resistance management is also lacking. For instance, it is recommended that any of the approved insecticides, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and bifenthrin, for cocoa mirid control could be used when it is time to spray against mirids. The report that the acaricidal products Cypertop® (contains mixture of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos), Vetancid® Max (contains mixture of cypermethrin and trichlorfon) and Ectocyp® (contains cypermethrin) were alternated to control ticks also shows the lack of knowledge on exploiting MoAs to manage resistance. This review paper discusses how the MoAs of active ingredients of insecticides and acaricides can be exploited to manage resistance development in arthropod pests in Ghana and the scientific basis of the strategy. Resources for determining the MoAs of active ingredients of insecticides and acaricides are also shared.","PeriodicalId":174273,"journal":{"name":"Ghana journal of agricultural science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117246906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetative propagation of Cinnamomum camphora L. Presl by shoot cuttings: Effect of shoot physiological age","authors":"D. MacCarthy, P. Vlek, M. Fosu","doi":"10.4314/GJAS.V47I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJAS.V47I1","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetative propagation techniques such as cuttings have been employed in propagation of plants of the family Lauraceae. Vegetative propagation using cuttings is currently the method used for reproducing camphor tree ( Cinnamomum camphora L. Presl) at CSIR-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute. The study was carried out to determine shoot physiological age of the camphor tree that would promote root initiation and cuttings performance. Hundred shoot cuttings of similar diameter (0.9 cm) were selected for each shoot physiological age. The first 10 cm from the apex of the shoot was considered softwood, 10 cm from the base of the softwood cuttings was considered semi-hardwood and 10 cm from the base of the semi-hardwood cuttings was considered hardwood.Shoot cuttings of the physiological ages were treated with 4000 mg l-1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and inserted into a mixture of river-sand and decomposed palm fibre mixed in a ratio of 1:2(v v-1). Data collected after 12 weeks indicated that the physiological age of shoot had an effect on root initiation and cutting performance. Number of survived cuttings, number of rooted cuttings, root length, callus formed and sprouted cuttings differed significantly amongst shoot physiological ages. Root initiation and shoot performance were greatest in softwood cuttings. They, however, decreased with increasing physiological age of shoot.","PeriodicalId":174273,"journal":{"name":"Ghana journal of agricultural science","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116361425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-ecological studies of the mango stone weevil in southern Ghana.","authors":"H. Braimah, M. Owusu-Akyaw, F. O. Anno-Nyarko, J. Timbilla","doi":"10.4314/GJAS.V42I1-2.60657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJAS.V42I1-2.60657","url":null,"abstract":"Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the distribution and biology of the mango stone weevil, Sternochetus mangiferae, in southern Ghana. The weevil was found in the coastal savanna and rain forest areas but appeared to be absent from the forest/savanna transition zones. All mango varieties were attacked within the infested zones, with higher rates of infestation in the more humid areas. Elsewhere, the weevil is reported to contribute substantially to premature fruit drop and causes reduction in yield. The eggs appear to be laid in young fruits over a period of time as some fruits recorded multiple infestations with all stages of development observable in a single fruit. In the laboratory both larvae and adults were reared on excised mango cotyledons, but it is doubtful that adults survive on cotyledons in the field. Larvae pupated for 6-7 days with a pre-pupal stage of 1-2 days. Adults are long lived and have been cultured in the laboratory for up to 6 months. Adults were found hibernating in cracks and crevices on trunks of old mango trees (> 20 years after planting). Similar hiding places could not be found on young trees (³ 10 years after planting). It is, thus, possible that trees other than mangoes provide hibernation sites for the weevil between fruiting seasons. Adult weevils readily accepted and climbed onto flowers but did not show any preference for bark, twigs, leaves or soil. The acceptance of the flowers by the adults seems to suggest that flowers may provide food and breeding sites. Infestation by the weevil did not affect fruit quality despite the high potential to disrupt the export trade in mangoes. The low quarantine rejection threshold of one fruit in 40 set in the export market suggests that solution to the problem posed by the weevil requires socioeconomic, political and scientific initiatives.","PeriodicalId":174273,"journal":{"name":"Ghana journal of agricultural science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124982411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farm level impact of feeding improved diets to pigs in the Jomoro District of Ghana","authors":"G. Ameleke, S. Rhule, F. Nelson","doi":"10.4314/gjas.v42i1-2.60650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjas.v42i1-2.60650","url":null,"abstract":"The economic impact at farm-level for feeding improved diets to grower-finisher pigs in the Jomoro District of Ghana was assessed using partial budgeting techniques. Three diets were considered: the farmers’ diet, which contained mainly coconut chaff and cake; a cereal based commercial diet and improved agro-industrial by-products (AIBP) based diet. The category of farmers considered reared mainly large-white pig breed. The study uses growth, feed consumption and price data, obtained from an on-farm feed evaluation studies, which results, in terms of nutrition, growth performance, and economy of gain, have been reported elsewhere. The paper estimates alternative measures of the economics of using improved feed by accounting for the reduction in the time to slaughter (70 kg) in the computation of benefits. The net additional benefit resulting from the use of AIBP diet instead of farmer’s diet was ¢1,879,227. The simple benefit-cost ratio was 1.71. The additional benefit due to the use of AIBP diet is about two times more than the extra cost incurred.","PeriodicalId":174273,"journal":{"name":"Ghana journal of agricultural science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134045487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}