{"title":"Polymer Functionalization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Using Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques","authors":"L. Nebhani, Smrutirekha Mishra, T. Joshi","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92323","url":null,"abstract":"Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are widely studied and are an interesting material due to its application in wide range of areas, for example, in drug delivery, catalysis, in sensors, and in adsorption and separation. Specifically, MSNs contain high surface area and large pore volume, providing high drug loading capacity, tunable pore size, surface chemistry for accommodation of a variety of guest molecules, and versatile functionalization on the external and internal surface for a broad spectrum of applications. Many new strategies have been developed for the synthesis and functionalization of mesoporous silica-based materials. The functionalization of MSNs is highly important as it leads to the development of new chemical and physical properties. Thus, preparation of these organic/inorganic hybrid structures requires facile and controlled techniques to generate enhanced properties. The grafting of polymers using controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques has turned out to be the best suited method to synthesize these well-defined organic-inorganic hybrid MSNs. Most common polymerization techniques are atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP). This chapter will be highlighting the state-of-the-art techniques for the synthesis of variety of MSNs, its functionalization using CRP techniques, and application of polymer functionalized MSNs.","PeriodicalId":170017,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130990087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wang Minghua, Hui Zhao, G. Tursun, Yang Jianwang, Liu Long
{"title":"Melting and Dissolving Fly Ash by NaOH for the Removal of Iron, Calcium, and Other Impurities","authors":"Wang Minghua, Hui Zhao, G. Tursun, Yang Jianwang, Liu Long","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91704","url":null,"abstract":"A mixture of fly ash and sodium hydroxide was calcined, which converted mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2), the high-temperature stability phase containing silicon and aluminum oxides, and quartz into activated silica alumina phase, and they were dissolved by concentrated NaOH solution into soluble SiO3 and AlO2. The insoluble impurities including Fe2O3, FeO, CaO, and CaSO4 were filtered out. Experiment results show the optimum experimental conditions for the dissolution: temperature is 60°C, 15% NaOH solution is used, liquid–solid mass ratio is 11:1, stirring time is 3 h, and about 78.9% of silicon and 78.1% of aluminum are dissolved. The obtained pure silicon aluminum solution provides the raw material for preparing high-purity molecular sieves, and Fe2O3 content of the prepared P-type molecular sieve is only 0.25%, and the CaO content is only 0.066%. The paper provided a viable method to remove Fe, Ca, etc. in mineral thoroughly.","PeriodicalId":170017,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124650960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Farías Rosales, R. Guil-López, M. Faraldos, Rafael Maya Yescas, Trino Armando Zepeda, B. Pawelec, R. Huirache-Acuña
{"title":"Sulfided NiMo/Clinoptilolite Catalysts for Selective Sulfur Removal from Naphtha Stream without Olefin Hydrogenation","authors":"Cristina Farías Rosales, R. Guil-López, M. Faraldos, Rafael Maya Yescas, Trino Armando Zepeda, B. Pawelec, R. Huirache-Acuña","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91375","url":null,"abstract":"The natural clinoptilolite zeolite has been modified by acid leaching with HNO3 in order to obtain economic material for supporting NiMoS hydrotreating catalysts. The most optimized zeolite material was obtained by leaching with HNO3 at 80°C during 24 h. The bimetallic NiMo catalysts prepared by wet impregnation of a zeolite support, followed by calcination and sulfidation, were characterized by several physico-chemical techniques and tested in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of 3-methyl-thiophene (3-MT) model feed at atmospheric H2 pressure and T = 280°C. For all catalysts, the 3-MT transformation mainly occurs via direct desulfurization reaction route being diminished the catalyst hydrogenation function. This was linked with the formation of highly stacked layers of MoS2 particles having a low amount of “brim sites,” as demonstrated by HRTEM. The cause of the best performance of Ni-Mo(H)/Z-1 sulfide catalyst in the HDS of 3-MT can be the presence of K impurities on the support surface which forces the formation of highly stacked layers of MoS2 particles.","PeriodicalId":170017,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127266609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functionalized MCM-48 as Carrier for In Vitro Controlled Release of an Active Biomolecule, L-Arginine","authors":"Anjali U. Patel, P. Solanki","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90175","url":null,"abstract":"The present chapter describes the synthesis, characterizations, and application of MCM-48 functionalized by an inorganic moiety, as a carrier. MCM-48 functionalized by 12-tungstophophoric acid (TPA) (TPA-MCM-48) and L-arginine was loaded into pure as well as functionalized MCM-48. Both the materials were characterized by various physicochemical techniques and evaluated for in vitro release of L-arginine at body temperature under different conditions. A study on release kinetics was carried out using first-order release kinetic model, while the mechanism were by Higuchi model. Further, to see the influence of TPA on release rate, release profile obtained from pure and functionalized MCM-48 was compared.","PeriodicalId":170017,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121396184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}