Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport最新文献

{"title":"Electric fuel injection engine reliability problems in developing countries, cape verde case study","authors":"C. M. Tavares, J. Szpytko","doi":"10.5604/12314005.1217246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1217246","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the need to reduce greenhouse gas emission rate, nowadays vehicles are manufactured in different types of fuel injection, one example is the engines with electronic injection and management. This vehicles present several advantages for the environment and it reduces the amount of fuel used in the vehicle, becoming more economic, what is also important due to the prediction for decrease of the available quantity of fossil fuel. The mechanical injection vehicles are no longer manufactured what make the electronic fuel injection engines to begin to be introduced in Cape Verde. The biggest problem in Cape Verde, when it comes to maintenance of vehicles, is the fact that the majority of mechanics working in vehicles maintenance, learned with the practice, very few of them had the opportunity to study. These new vehicles require staff with a certain level of knowledge. Mechanics and workers generally have an elementary school education; or have never finished high school. Many of them began working as apprentices and were trained on the job by more experienced staff. As a result, most of their skills were acquired on the job in practical “hands-on” contexts without any theoretical training. This paper aim to study the state of the art related to maintenance problems and strategies in electronic fuel injection engines, as well as the study of problems faced in Cape Verde with the maintenances. This paper will propose a solution for a reliable maintenance, for these devices in countries with lack of technical support focusing in the study of case in Prai city, Cape Verde.","PeriodicalId":165563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114307640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing of efficiency and dynamic effects of a drive system with a lead screw","authors":"Filip Lisowski","doi":"10.5604/12314005.1217239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1217239","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents experimental studies of a drive system with a lead screw. The concept and the construction of the test stand, its parameters as well as the applied measuring apparatus and the scope of tests are described. Furthermore, a measuring system and a methodology of determining the loads on the nut of the lead screw, based on the strain gauge measurements, were developed. A special nut bracket with specimens for the strain gauge measurement was designed. Since the specimens are simultaneously subjected to tension, two plane bending and non– free torsion, a coefficient essential for determining the torque on the nut of the lead screw was estimated based on the finite element analysis of the nut bracket under complex load condition. The first part of experimental studies includes the determination of the efficiency of the lead screw and the efficiency of the typical drive system with the lead screw. The impact of the load level and the constant resistance in the system are included in the research. The second part of the study concerns the determination of dynamic load coefficients for various operating parameters. The efficiency of the lead screw and the efficiency of a typical drive system with the lead screw as well as the dynamic factors at start–up and braking were determined based on experimental tests referred to a ball screw.","PeriodicalId":165563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport","volume":"412 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115239075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of dynamic response of reinforced concrete bridge induced by selected heavy vehicle","authors":"P. Szurgott, Mateusz Smolarz","doi":"10.5604/12314005.1217293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1217293","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study is to carry out dynamic simulations of structural response of reinforced concrete bridge loaded with a moving heavy vehicle. Computational dynamics analysis was conducted using LS-DYNA computer code. The selected bridge was a reinforced-concrete structure located on the U.S. 90 in Northwest Florida. The bridge has six prestressed AASHTO type III beams and concrete deck. An 8-axle vehicle including a tractor unit and a low bed trailer were selected as a representative for the study. FE model of the tractor based on previous studies; however, a FE model of the trailer was developed for the present work. Analyses included passages of a vehicle with 47 tonnes cargo. A cargo resting on a trailer was taken into account by changing the material density of selected components in the semi-trailer FE model. Time histories of the bridge deflections in the middle of the span were recorded during the simulation tests. Simulations were performed for the vehicle velocity between 20 and 50 mph, stepped by 5 mph. An influence of the velocity on the bridge deflection was determined. The main objective of the simulation tests on the selected bridge was to assess the actual dynamic load allowance (DLA), also known as impact factor, based on the maximum deflection of the bridge span as a function of the vehicle velocity.","PeriodicalId":165563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124409360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodology of identification of the aircraft translational dynamic stability derivatives in water tunnel experiments","authors":"Daniel Lichoń","doi":"10.5604/12314005.1217238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1217238","url":null,"abstract":"The aircraft dynamic stability derivatives (DSD) describe the variation of aerodynamics forces and moments with respect to disturbances of kinematic parameters (translational or rotational). The knowledge of DSD is important due to determination of aircraft dynamic stability characteristics. Thus, the identification of DSD is an issue of analytical or numerical analysis and experimental researches. Experimental methods use air or water tunnel tests. The investigated model is submitted to forced oscillations with relatively low amplitude, which simulates the disturbances around steady state flight parameters. The variation of forces and moments are measured by strain balance system, which allows identifying DSD. This work is focused on development the methodology of experimental identification the aircraft translational DSD in water tunnel tests. Study of available publications shows that model manipulator system usually provides rotational movements around three axes. Therefore, the measurements can be performed with respect to rotational velocity disturbances. However, by addition the translational manipulator with one degree of freedom the measurements can be expanded into translational velocity disturbances (normal and sideslip). It is necessary to point that axial velocity disturbance is omitted due to lack of axial force component in strain balance construction. The proposed modification does not affect the construction of rotational manipulator or balance. The article contains translational manipulator scheme, modification of data acquisition system and mathematical process of identification the aircraft translational dynamic stability derivatives.","PeriodicalId":165563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114868687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE BALLISTIC PROTECTION ON AERODYNAMIC HELICOPTER CHARACTERISTICS","authors":"A. Wisniewski, W. Wiśniowski","doi":"10.5604/12314005.1217300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1217300","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contains results of experimental tests of the influence of passive ballistic protection on aerodynamic coefficients of the model fuselage of the Sokol helicopter. The research was carried out in the Institute of Aviation low speed wind tunnel T3 of 5 m diameter on the helicopter test stand. Measurements of aerodynamic coefficients acting on the fuselage with and without passive ballistic protection were taken using six–component internal strain gauge balance placed inside the model of the fuselage for the angles of attack α = –90-90° with step 10° and for sideslip angles β = –10°, 0°, 10°. Several aerodynamics coefficients: drag (Cx), force (Cy), lift (Cz) and moment: bank (Cmx), pitch (Cmy) and yaw (Cmz) were analysed. The results of the wind tunnel tests were presented in figures as nondimensional mean values of the above aerodynamic coefficients. Different measurements of aerodynamic characteristics were made like: the influence of Reynolds number on the Cx of the helicopter fuselage with and without protection and the comparison of aerodynamic characteristics of the helicopter fuselage Cx, Cy, Cz, Cmx, Cmy, Cmz as the function of α, without stabiliser, with and without protection. Moreover, a comparison Cx, Cy, Cz, Cmx, Cmy, Cmz as the function of α, with a stabiliser, with and without protection was made and a comparison of the influence of a stabiliser and protection on the above aerodynamic characteristics for the range of useful angles of attack were analysed. A comparison of the influence of a stabiliser and protection on aerodynamic characteristics of the helicopter fuselage Cx, Cy, Cz, Cmx, Cmy, Cmz for the range of α angles of attack was also described.","PeriodicalId":165563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport","volume":"14 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127517103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data exchange in a tachograph system as the element of the cybersecurity of the modern car","authors":"M. Śmieja, M. Rychter, P. Sułek","doi":"10.5604/12314005.1217298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1217298","url":null,"abstract":"A numerous flows of data in the modern vehicle are necessary to maintain the complexity of systems included onboard. Unfortunately, along with the increase of the road security and many useful facilities there are arising vulnerabilities coming from cyberattacks and reliability of the communication systems. Because many components are based on highly advanced E/E technology, the security measures known from IT are more and more important. The data encryption mechanisms, used in IT for memory content and data transfer protection, are getting important in automotive. In the paper there are presented considerations connected with the cybersecurity of the vehicle, as a part of the transportation system, as well as the effect of the process of the production. In the article authors focused on the encryption of the communication between the tachograph device and the motion sensor. The normal operation of the interface tachograph-sensor follows the operation of pairing based on authentication and identification services. The pairing operation takes place in an authorized workshop and its goal is to check the legality of devices paired, and the so-called establishment of the session key, which contains encryption keys used for 3DES encryption. The description of data encryption for the motion sensor, presented in the article, is the example of the bunch of solutions required for","PeriodicalId":165563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125143833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing of stress relieve groove parameters for flat endplates of pressure boilers","authors":"B. Szybiński, M. Barski, M. Wygoda","doi":"10.5604/12314005.1217296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1217296","url":null,"abstract":"The application of flat ends as closures in pressure boilers is a certain alternative for commonly used dished ends. However, it is inevitably joined with the stress concentration presence in the vicinity of the junction between the cylindrical pipe and the ending flat plate. The notch effect, which is observed in the connection area, is usually caused by the abrupt change of the inner wall shape and the lack of the curvature continuity in this region. The problem of the stress reduction in the transition zone between the cylindrical pipe and the endplate has been studied by researchers from many years and several proposals how to modify the shape of the respective elements have been established. On the base of these results, several designs for flat end closures are proposed in the codes applied in pressure boilers calculations. This paper shows the effectiveness of one of the design proposals, admitted by code EN 13445-3. In the proposed analysis the special attention are paid to flat ending plates with the circular stress relieve grooves. The parameters of the groove radii and location of its centre are set by a system of inequalities, which usually defines the region of admissible values for radii and position of the circular groove centre. The choice of these values strongly influences the stress concentration and in the considered code, no clear suggestions or justification is given how to choose the best groove parameters, providing the minimum stress concentration. In this report, the Authors show how to choose the best combination of the design parameters providing the minimum stress concentration.","PeriodicalId":165563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport","volume":"27 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131166778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic features of the relation between motor truck mileage and engine cubic capacity","authors":"L. Prochowski","doi":"10.5604/12314005.1217257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1217257","url":null,"abstract":"The motor vehicle operation process results in a growth in the vehicle mileage and the rate of this growth is usually characterized by specifying the value of this mileage (in km) calculated per a time unit (month, year, etc.). In this paper, the relation between the specific mileage (km per a time unit) of a motor truck and the engine capacity category has been analysed. Results of calculations based on the observation of the mileage of over 3 600 motor trucks of more than 3 500 kg gross vehicle mass (GVM) have been presented. In the analysis, intervals of equal width were adopted in which the mileage values (in km) were grouped. The percentage of the vehicles whose monthly mileage values belonged to the ith interval was calculated. The resulting set of k discrete values of the percentage of the vehicles with predefined mileage was approximated by a polynomial. The approximation functions are polynomials of the fifth or sixth degree. The curves representing such functions very well describe the distribution of values of the mileage of motor vehicles with engines of over 10000 cm3 capacity. A characteristic feature of the calculated distributions of vehicle mileage values is the fact that the location of the areas of predominating mileage values strongly depend on the engine capacity. The highest values of the monthly mileage of motor trucks with engines of up to 5 000 cm3 capacity do not exceed 9 500 km and increase to 12 500 km for trucks with engines whose capacity exceeds 12 000 cm3. Based on the profiles of the approximation functions, it has been found that the mileage values corresponding to the first mode of these functions decline with increasing engine capacity values. Simultaneously, a decrease can be observed in the percentage of the vehicles with short mileage with a growth in the engine capacity values. Conversely, the motor truck mileage values corresponding to the second mode of the approximation functions markedly increase with growing engine capacity values. An increase can also be seen in the percentage of the trucks with long mileage in the group of vehicles with engines of over 10000 cm3 capacity.","PeriodicalId":165563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116050397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEEDING THE ENGINES OF FLEET VEHICLES WITH BIOXDIESEL FUEL AND HEAVY ALCOHOLS","authors":"M. Struś, W. Poprawski, M. Rewolte, P. Kardasz","doi":"10.5604/12314005.1217291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1217291","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results of the research on the efficiency of the Diesel engines of the fleet vehicles fed with the new type of second-generation biofuel BIOXDIESEL at non-stationary and stationary conditions and natural operation on roads. The BIOXDIESEL fuel used for the laboratory testing of physical and chemical properties, engine tests and natural road operation, which is a blend of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) obtained from the waste vegetable and animal fats, bioethanol and Diesel fuel. For the testing, several different types of vehicles have been used: passenger vehicles, small parcel delivery vans, agriculture machines and heavy trucks used for long distance international transport. The results of the vehicles engines testing in non-stationary conditions, results of measurement engines performance on vehicle test bed and results of natural road operation on roads of the vehicles used for testing indicate quasi-identical efficiency of the engines, which were fueled with BIOXDIESEL fuel and standard Diesel. The paper also presents results of initial research, which indicates the direction of future research, which is related to increase the calorific value of the biofuels, which may be obtained by replacement of used bioethanol with the heavier alcohols of renewable resources. Physical and chemical properties of the heavier alcohols indicate the possibility to use them as an additive to the biofuels. The paper presents also results of initial engine tests with a blend of the fuel with different heavier alcohols.","PeriodicalId":165563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124576880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FULL-ELECTRIC, HYBRID AND TURBO-ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEMS","authors":"B. Łukasik, W. Wiśniowski","doi":"10.5604/12314005.1217240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1217240","url":null,"abstract":"Recently a huge progress in the field of electrical machines makes them more available for aviation. Assuming a big leap forward of electric technology in the near future, many research institutes around the World examine a revolutionary propulsion system which employs electrical machines. This idea can be a perfect response to a drastically growing air traffic and its demands about emission and fuel consumption reduction. There are already manufactured full electric, ultralight airplanes, which show that the technology is promising and future-proof. What is more it seems to be a key enabler for the development of the other technology that will influence the future of aircraft design and will allow introducing completely new airplane architectures. That is why Institute of Aviation in collaboration with The Ohio State University conducts investigation and analysis on feasibility of using such systems for aircraft propulsion. For this task a completely new tool based on Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) environment is being developed. It will enable to analyse the electric devices conjugated with turbine engine as a whole propulsion system in the matter of its performance characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to present some of the most promising ideas and already accomplished analysis of different kinds of architectures. The analysis and optimization of the system, as well as cost effectiveness will be presented.","PeriodicalId":165563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121924879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}