Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of a novel chromogenic screening method for detection of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli","authors":"Bhaskar Jyoti Das, K. Melson Singha, Jayalaxmi Wangkheimayum, Debadatta Dhar Chanda and Amitabha Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001782","url":null,"abstract":"<span>Introduction.</span> Early detection of carbapenem-resistant <span> <span> Escherichia coli </span> </span> (CREco), categorized as a critical priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO), is crucial in optimizing therapeutic options and to thwart outbreaks in clinical settings. <span>Gap statement.</span> The need of the hour is a diagnostic method that can detect carbapenem resistance conferred by intrinsic or acquired carbapenem resistance mechanisms or both. <span>Aim.</span> The study investigates the performance of a novel screening chromogenic method for detection of CREco. <span>Methodology.</span> Carbapenem-susceptible (<span>n</span>=23) and non-susceptible (<span>n</span>=90) <span> <span> E. coli </span> </span> were used to investigate the efficiency of the blue chromogenic test. All of the isolates were received from a tertiary referral hospital in Silchar, India and subjected to the blue chromogenic test and observed for colour change. A colour change from colourless to blue is interpreted as a positive result. The test results were further compared with available methods for detection of carbapenem resistance conferred by carbapenemase production or other carbapenem resistance mechanisms. <span>Results.</span> The blue chromogenic test generated 100&#8202;% (CI: 95.98&#8211;100&#8202;%) sensitive and 100&#8202;% (CI: 85.75&#8211;100&#8202;%) specific results for the detection of CREco with no false-positive or false-negative results. Within 3&#8201;h after incubation, the test detects all CREco with carbapenemase activity. Additionally, the blue chromogenic test also positively detected <span> <span> E. coli </span> </span> harbouring carbapenemase variants and with efflux and porin activity, compared to other phenotypic-based approaches. <span>Conclusion.</span> The study highlights a novel method that is highly sensitive and specific, inexpensive, rapid and user-friendly for the detection of CREco. With the surge and expansion of CREco, this sensitive, specific, user-friendly and inexpensive method can be used in laboratories with limited facilities for early detection of CREco, thereby improving infection control along with averting future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138821830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic efficiency of the FilmArray blood culture identification (BCID) panel: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mei Yang,&nbsp;Chuanmin Tao","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>. The FilmArray blood culture identification panel (BCID) panel is a multiplex PCR assay with high sensitivity and specificity to identify the most common pathogens in bloodstream infections (BSIs).<b>Hypothesis</b>. We hypothesize that the BCID panel has good diagnostic performance for BSIs and can be popularized in clinical application.<b>Aim:</b> To provide summarized evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of the BCID panel for the identification of positive blood cultures.<b>Methodology.</b> We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases through March 2021 and assessed the efficacy of the diagnostic test of the BCID panel. We performed a meta-analysis and calculated the summary sensitivity and specificity of the BCID panel. Systematic review protocols were registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registration number CRD42021239176).<b>Results</b>. A total of 16 full-text articles were eligible for analysis. The overall sensitivities of the BCID panel on Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were 97 % (95 % CI, 0.96-0.98), 100 % (95 % CI, 0.98-01.00) and 99 % (95 % CI, 0.87-1.00), respectively. The pooled diagnostic specificities were 99 % (95 % CI, 0.97-1.00), 100 % (95 % CI, 1.00-1.00) and 100 % (95 % CI, 1.00-1.00) for Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, respectively.<b>Conclusions</b>. The BCID panel has high rule-in value for the early detection of BSI patients. The BCID panel can still provide valuable information for ruling out bacteremia or fungemia in populations with low pretest probability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10633031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MARGINAL NOTES, August, 2023. Something in the air.","authors":"Timothy J J Inglis","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001752","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001752","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10180456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial activity of menadione alone and in combination with oxacillin against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and its impact on biofilms.","authors":"Amanda Cavalcante Leitão,&nbsp;Thais Lima Ferreira,&nbsp;Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá,&nbsp;Daniel Sampaio Rodrigues,&nbsp;Beatriz Oliveira de Souza,&nbsp;Amanda Dias Barbosa,&nbsp;Lara Elloyse Almeida Moreira,&nbsp;João Batista de Andrade Neto,&nbsp;Vitória Pessoa de Farias Cabral,&nbsp;Maria Erivanda França Rios,&nbsp;Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti,&nbsp;Jacilene Silva,&nbsp;Emmanuel Silva Marinho,&nbsp;Hélcio Silva Dos Santos,&nbsp;Manoel Odorico de Moraes,&nbsp;Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior,&nbsp;Cecília Rocha da Silva","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to public health, particularly with methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) being a leading cause of antimicrobial resistance. To combat this problem, drug repurposing offers a promising solution for the discovery of new antibacterial agents.<b>Hypothesis.</b> Menadione exhibits antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains, both alone and in combination with oxacillin. Its primary mechanism of action involves inducing oxidative stress.<b>Methodology.</b> Sensitivity assays were performed using broth microdilution. The interaction between menadione, oxacillin, and antioxidants was assessed using checkerboard technique. Mechanism of action was evaluated using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and <i>in silico</i> analysis.<b>Aim.</b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial potential of menadione against planktonic and biofilm forms of methicillin-sensitive and resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains. It also examined its role as a modulator of oxacillin activity and investigated the mechanism of action involved in its activity.<b>Results.</b> Menadione showed antibacterial activity against planktonic cells at concentrations ranging from 2 to 32 µg ml^-1, with bacteriostatic action. When combined with oxacillin, it exhibited an additive and synergistic effect against the tested strains. Menadione also demonstrated antibiofilm activity at subinhibitory concentrations and effectively combated biofilms with reduced sensitivity to oxacillin alone. Its mechanism of action involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. It also showed interactions with important targets, such as DNA gyrase and dehydroesqualene synthase. The presence of ascorbic acid reversed its effects.<b>Conclusion.</b> Menadione exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against MRSA strains, suggesting its potential as an adjunct in the treatment of <i>S. aureus</i> infections. The main mechanism of action involves the production of ROS, which subsequently leads to DNA damage. Additionally, the activity of menadione can be complemented by its interaction with important virulence targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10243492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Utility of in-house and commercial PCR assay in diagnosis of Covid-19 associated mucormycosis in an emergency setting in a tertiary care center.","authors":"Mragnayani Pandey,&nbsp;Janya Sachdev,&nbsp;Renu Kumari Yadav,&nbsp;Neha Sharad,&nbsp;Anupam Kanodia,&nbsp;Jaya Biswas,&nbsp;R Sruti Janani,&nbsp;Sonakshi Gupta,&nbsp;Gagandeep Singh,&nbsp;Meera Ekka,&nbsp;Bhaskar Rana,&nbsp;Sudesh Gourav,&nbsp;Alok Thakar,&nbsp;Ashutosh Biswas,&nbsp;Kapil Sikka,&nbsp;Purva Mathur,&nbsp;Neelam Pushker,&nbsp;Viveka P Jyotsna,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;Manish Soneja,&nbsp;Naveet Wig,&nbsp;M V Padma Srivastava,&nbsp;Immaculata Xess","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10633036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> co-harbouring <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 <i>, armA</i> and <i>mcr-10</i> isolated from blood samples in Myanmar.","authors":"Tatsuya Tada,&nbsp;Satoshi Oshiro,&nbsp;Shin Watanabe,&nbsp;Mari Tohya,&nbsp;Tomomi Hishinuma,&nbsp;Thi Thi Htoon,&nbsp;Htay Htay Tin,&nbsp;Teruo Kirikae","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> The spread of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> coproducing carbapenemases, 16S rRNA methylase and mobile colistin resistance proteins (MCRs) has become a serious public health problem worldwide. This study describes two clinical isolates of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> coharbouring <i>bla</i> _IMP-1, <i>armA</i> and <i>mcr-10</i>.<b>Methods.</b> Two clinical isolates of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> resistant to carbapenems and aminoglycosides were obtained from two patients at a hospital in Myanmar. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution methods. The whole-genome sequences were determined by MiSeq and MinION methods. Drug-resistant factors and their genomic environments were determined.<b>Results.</b> The two <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates showed MICs of ≥4 and ≥1024 µg ml^-1 for carbapenems and aminoglycosides, respectively. Two <i>K. pneumonaie</i> harbouring <i>mcr-10</i> were susceptible to colistin, with MICs of ≤0.015 µg ml^-1 using cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth, but those for colistin were significantly higher (0.5 and 4 µg ml^-1) using brain heart infusion medium. Whole-genome analysis revealed that these isolates coharboured <i>bla</i> _NDM-1, <i>armA</i> and <i>mcr-10</i>. These two isolates showed low MICs of 0.25 µg ml^-1 for colistin. Genome analysis revealed that both <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 and <i>armA</i> were located on IncFIIs plasmids of similar size (81 kb). The <i>mcr-10</i> was located on IncM2 plasmids of sizes 220 or 313 kb in each isolate. These two isolates did not possess a <i>qseBC</i> gene encoding a two-component system, which is thought to regulate the expression of <i>mcr</i> genes.<b>Conclusion.</b> This is the first report of isolates of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> coharbouring <i>bla</i> _NDM-1, <i>armA</i> and <i>mcr-10</i> obtained in Myanmar.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10240212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple PCR assay for the identification of the novel <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> serotype 7D.","authors":"Karsten Maruhn,&nbsp;Andreas Itzek,&nbsp;Matthias Imoehl,&nbsp;Mark van der Linden","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of the novel pneumococcal serotype 7D by Neufeld quellung reaction requires significant expertise. To circumvent this, we developed a simple serotype-specific PCR method to discriminate serotype 7D from the closely related serotypes 7C, 7B and 40. The established PCR was validated with the strain collection of the German National Reference Center for Streptococci (GNRCS). However, no isolate initially assigned as serotype 7B, 7C or 40 was identified as serotype 7D.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9986276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion (mKB) method for accurately testing tigecycline susceptibility: a nation-wide multicenter comparative study.","authors":"Dandan Yin,&nbsp;Yan Guo,&nbsp;Renru Han,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Demei Zhu,&nbsp;Fupin Hu","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Tigecycline is one of the important antibiotics available for treating infection caused by multiple-drug resistant pathogens. However, the conventional AST methods which are commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories usually lead to false intermediate or resistant results in testing tigecycline susceptibility, and further mislead clinical antimicrobial therapies.<b>Hypothesis.</b> The modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion (mKB) method was performed based on the traditional standard Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion (sKB) method.<b>Aim</b>. To evaluate a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion (mKB) method for tigecycline susceptibility testing, for the purpose of providing accurate tigecycline susceptibility results in clinical practice.<b>Methodology.</b> A total of 4271 nonduplicate clinical strains were isolated from 37 hospitals across China to perform the mKB method, standard Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion (sKB) method, comparing with the reference broth microdilution (BMD) according to the CLSI. Parameters of categorical agreement (CA), minor errors (mE), major errors (ME), and very major errors (VME) were used in this methodological evaluation research.<b>Results.</b> BMD testing showed that 91.3-98.9 % of the <i>A. baumannii</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>E. cloacae</i>, <i>S. marcescens</i>, and <i>C. freundii</i> strains were susceptible, while 0-3.1% strains were resistant to tigecycline. When testing <i>A. baumannii</i>, mKB demonstrated higher CA than sKB (90.6 % vs 44.8 %) compared to reference BMD. The mE (9.0 % vs 45.2 %), ME (0.5 % vs 10.6 %) and VME (both 0 %) all satisfied the acceptability criteria. mKB also showed higher CA (87.2 % vs 52.0 %) than sKB in comparison with BMD when testing <i>Enterobacterales</i> (mainly <i>K. pneumonia</i>). The ME (0.45 % vs 8.1 %) and VME (both 0 %) but not mE (12.4 % vs 40.4 %) met the acceptability criteria.<b>Conclusion.</b> The mKB method can test bacterial susceptibility to tigecycline more accurately than sKB. For the tigecycline-intermediate or -resistant strains by sKB method, BMD or mKB method should be used to verify the results and report reliable tigecycline susceptibility results.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10331767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JMM Profile: <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>.","authors":"Andrew Wales,&nbsp;Adrienne Mackintosh","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001747","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001747","url":null,"abstract":"Principal routes of \u0000 \u0000 Bacillus anthracis\u0000 \u0000 infection and stages of anthrax pathogenesis, consistent with current understandings. Depending on the route of infection, germination of spores may happen in extracellular tissue fluid, or following phagocytosis (a). Successful infection of host cells leads to toxin-associated cell death and release of vegetative cells and toxin (b). Toxin binds and enters other host cells (c), including those of the immune system, disrupting function. In some cases this leads to systemic disease, which typically is fatal.","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10395042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of tongue swab and saliva as samples for testing COVID-19 infection in symptomatic cases in comparison with nasopharyngeal swab.","authors":"Anjali Anne Jacob,&nbsp;Cleetus C C,&nbsp;Girija Mohan,&nbsp;Renu Mathew,&nbsp;George Chandy Matteethra,&nbsp;Afferedi M,&nbsp;Manju M B,&nbsp;Alice David","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> COVID-19 caused by SARS CoV-2 continues to be a major health concern globally. Methods for detection of the disease are necessary for public health efforts to monitor the spread of this disease as well as for detecting the emergence of new variants.<b>Gap statement.</b> Collection of Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), the gold standard sample for the detection of COVID-19 infection by RT-qPCR is invasive and requires the expertise of a trained medical provider. This highlights the need for validating less invasive samples that can be self-collected without the need for trained medical provider.<b>Aim.</b> To validate saliva and tongue swab as potential samples for the diagnosis of COVID-19.<b>Methodology.</b> Adult and paediatric cases who had acute influenza like illness were enrolled in the study. The study involved comparison of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) results for the detection of COVID-19 obtained by using saliva and tongue swab with that of NPS.<b>Result and Conclusion.</b> The sensitivity and specificity of saliva as sample for COVID-19 detection were found to be 71 and 88% respectively whereas those of tongue swab as sample were 78 and 90 %. Further validation was based on the positive and negative predictive values, the likelihood ratio, agreement percentage and the kappa statistic. The findings of the study point towards tongue swab and saliva as suitable alternative samples for the diagnosis of COVID-19 with a slightly higher accuracy and agreement for tongue swab than saliva. However considering the fatality of COVID-19, they are better suited for mass screening of people than for diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10395640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}