International Neurourology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Level of Anxiety Shows a Positive Correlation With the Frequency of Acute Cystitis Recurrence in Women.","authors":"Seon Beom Jo, Hyun Ju Kim, Sun Tae Ahn, Mi Mi Oh","doi":"10.5213/inj.2448096.048","DOIUrl":"10.5213/inj.2448096.048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous studies have simply confirmed recurrence of acute cystitis negatively affects a patient's psychological state. This study was performed to assess the impact of the recurrence of urinary tract infections on anxiety and depression and further assess whether there is a correlation between the number of recurrences and the degree of anxiety and depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with recurrent cystitis who visited a tertiary care center between April 2018 and June 2022. For eligible patients, depression and anxiety were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Among the clinical characteristics, factors that independently affected the degree of depression and anxiety were analyzed. Additionally, the relationship between the level of anxiety, depression, and the number of recurrent cystitis was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 112 female patients with recurrent cystitis were enrolled in this study. The proportion of patients with depression (moderate, 8%; severe, 0%) was relatively low compared with that of patients with anxiety (moderate, 22.3%; severe, 68.8%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that more recurrent episodes were significantly associated with higher anxiety scores (P<0.001). It was confirmed that longer disease duration is associated with higher depression scores (P=0.031). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the number of recurrences and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores (r=0.362, P<0.001 and r=0.248, P=0.009, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study reveals that recurrent cystitis notably increases patients' anxiety, correlating with the frequency of recurrences. Disease duration is also linked to depression. These findings emphasize the importance of preventing urinary tract infection recurrences to reduce psychological complications. To reinforce these results, larger cohort studies are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":14466,"journal":{"name":"International Neurourology Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"156-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Mealtime Shift Disturbs Metabolic and Urinary Functions in Mice: Effects of Daily Antioxidant Supplementation.","authors":"Jihyun Park, Jun-Ho Nang, Sehyung Cho, Kyung Jin Chung, Khae Hawn Kim","doi":"10.5213/inj.2448144.072","DOIUrl":"10.5213/inj.2448144.072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Through their biological clocks, organisms on this rotating planet can coordinate physiological processes according to the time of the day. However, the prevalence of circadian rhythm disorders has increased in modern society with the growing number of shift workers, elevating the risk of various diseases. In this study, we employed a mouse model to investigate the effects of urinary rhythm disturbances resulting from dietary changes commonly experienced by night shift workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established 3 groups based on feeding time and the use of restricted feeding: ad libitum, daytime, and early nighttime feeding. We then examined the urinary rhythm in each group. In addition to the bladder rhythm, we investigated changes in mRNA patterns within the tissues constituting the bladder. Additionally, we assessed the urination rhythm in Per1 and Per2 double-knockout mice and evaluated whether the injection of antioxidants modified the impact of mealtime shift on urination rhythm in wild-type mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed that a shift in mealtime significantly impacted the circadian patterns of water intake and urinary excretion. In Per2::Luc knock-in mouse bladders cultured ex vivo, this shift increased the amplitude of Per2 oscillation and delayed its acrophases by several hours. Daily supplementation with antioxidants did not influence the mealtime shift-induced changes in circadian patterns of water intake and urinary excretion, nor did it affect the modified Per2 oscillation patterns in the cultured bladder. However, in aged mice, antioxidants partially restored the urinary rhythm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A shift in mealtime meaningfully impacted the urination rhythm in mice, regardless of the presence of circadian clock genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14466,"journal":{"name":"International Neurourology Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Artificial Urinary Sphincter Explantation and Erosion in Male Nonneurological Patients.","authors":"Alice Pitout, Pierre Lecoanet, Charles Mazeaud, Victor Gaillard, Baptiste Poussot, Thibault Tricard, Christian Saussine, Thibaut Brierre, Xavier Game, Florian Beraud, Xavier Biardeau, Franck Bruyere, Damien Robin, Mehdi El-Akri, Daniel Chevallier, Tiffany Cousin, Grégoire Capon, Jean-Nicolas Cornu, Hugo Dupuis, Hervé Monsaint, Nicolas Hermieu, Jean-François Hermieu, Priscilla Léon, Benoit Peyronnet, Imad Bentellis","doi":"10.5213/inj.2448086.043","DOIUrl":"10.5213/inj.2448086.043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was performed to assess the risk factors for artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) explantation in a large multicenter cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records for all 1,233 implantations of the AMS-800 AUS device in male nonneurological patients from 2005 to 2020 across 13 French centers. Patients with neurological conditions were excluded from the study. To identify factors associated with explantation-free survival, survival analysis was performed. Explantation was defined as the complete removal of the device, whereas revision referred to the replacement of the device or its components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 1,107 patients, of whom 281 underwent AUS explantation. The median survival without explantation was 83 months. The leading causes of explantation were infection and erosion. Univariate analysis revealed several significant risk factors for explantation: age above 75 years (34.6% in the explanted group vs. 25.8% in the nonexplanted group, P=0.007), history of radiotherapy (43.5% vs. 31.3%, P=0.001), and anticoagulant use (15% vs. 8.6%, P<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, the only significant risk factor was previous radiotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 2.05; P<0.05). Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed 2 factors associated with earlier explantation: transcorporal cuff implantation (hazard ratio [HR], 2.67; P=0.01) and the annual caseload of the center (HR, 1.08; P=0.02). When specifically examining explantation due to erosion, radiotherapy was the sole factor significantly associated with the risk of erosion (OR, 2.47; P<0.05) as well as earlier erosion (HR, 1.90; P=0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this series, conducted in a real-world setting across multiple centers with different volumes and levels of expertise, the median survival without AUS explantation was 83 months. This study confirms that radiotherapy represents the primary independent risk factor for AUS erosion in male nonneurological patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14466,"journal":{"name":"International Neurourology Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Robotics in Meeting Institutional Goals: A Unified Strategy to Facilitate Program Excellence.","authors":"Sung Pil Choo, Mi Sook Jeon, Young Mi Kim, Sun Keun Choi, Jin Wook Yi, Tack Lee","doi":"10.5213/inj.2448146.123","DOIUrl":"10.5213/inj.2448146.123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The rapid expansion of robotic surgical equipment necessitates a review of the needs and challenges faced by hospitals introducing robots for the first time to compete with experienced institutions. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of robotic surgery on our hospital compared to open and laparoscopic surgery, examine internal transformations, and assess regional, domestic, and international implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted of electronic medical records (EMRs) from 2019 to 2022 at Inha University Hospital, including patients who underwent common robotic procedures and equivalent open and laparoscopic operations. The study investigated clinical and operational performance changes in the hospital after the introduction of robotic technology. It also evaluated the operational effectiveness of robot implementation in local, national, and international contexts. To facilitate comparison with other hospitals, the data were transmitted to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. for analysis. The study was conducted in compliance with domestic personal information regulations and received approval from our Institutional Review Board.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed EMR data from 3,147 patients who underwent surgical treatment. Over a period of 3.5 years, the adoption of robotic technology in a hospital setting significantly enhanced the technical skills of all professors involved. The introduction of robotic systems led to increased patient utilization of conventional surgical techniques, as well as a rise in the number of patients choosing robotic surgery. This collective trend contributed to an overall increase in patient numbers. This favorable evaluation of the operational effectiveness of our hospital's robot implementation in the context of local, national, and global factors is expected to positively influence policy changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stakeholders should embrace data science and evidence-based techniques to generate valuable insights from objective data, assess the health of robot-assisted surgery programs, and identify opportunities for improvement and excellence.</p>","PeriodicalId":14466,"journal":{"name":"International Neurourology Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Urinary Bladder Innervation Be Restored After Outlet Obstruction and Denervation?","authors":"Bengt Uvelius, Karl-Erik Andersson","doi":"10.5213/inj.2448134.067","DOIUrl":"10.5213/inj.2448134.067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transurethral resection of the prostate, or other methods to decrease outlet resistance usually leads to relief of symptoms in patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). If symptoms of underactivity persist after normalization of outflow conditions, treatment options are limited. In this review, we hypothesize, based on results from basic research, what might become treatment options for such patients in the future. The primary local treatment will still aim at reducing outlet obstruction. We speculate that local secondary treatment in the future might include transplantation of stem cells or mature bladder ganglion cells into the bladder wall. There has been some success in transplanting ganglion cells into the rat bladder. The ganglion cells will sprout into the surrounding tissue but functional connections between the axons of the transplanted neurons, and the detrusor smooth muscle have so far not been demonstrated. Neurotrophins or neurotrimin might be injected into the bladder wall to increase the sprouting of existing or transplanted neurons. Stem cell transplantation has been performed and improves detrusor function, but it has so far, been difficult to demonstrate transplanted stem cells. BOO, persisting detrusor underactivity, and decreased nerve density are often combined with inflammatory activity of the lower urinary tract. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and its messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) mRNA are increased in obstructed bladders. Systemic treatment with the NLRP3 inhibitor glyburide normalized nerve density in rat bladder, and, to some extent, bladder function. It is unclear whether Cox-2 is involved in the decreased nerve density following obstruction, but Cox-2 mRNA increases 5-fold in obstructed bladder. Future therapy against bladder underactivity remaining following relief of obstruction includes either systemic treatment, perhaps by anti-inflammatory drugs, or local treatment by injection of stem cells, mature ganglion cells, and/or neurotrophins or neurotrimin into the bladder wall.</p>","PeriodicalId":14466,"journal":{"name":"International Neurourology Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Self-Training Using Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Display Simulator on the Acquisition of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate Surgical Skills.","authors":"Taesoo Jang, Hyoun-Joong Kong, Changhoon Baek, Junki Kim, Min Soo Choo, Seung-June Oh","doi":"10.5213/inj.2448042.021","DOIUrl":"10.5213/inj.2448042.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the effect of self-training using a virtual reality head-mounted display simulator on the acquisition of surgical skills for holmium laser enucleation surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen medical students without surgical skills for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate were trained using multimedia to learn the technique via simulator manipulation. Thereafter, participants performed the technique on a virtual benign prostatic hyperplasia model A (test A). After a 1-week wash-out period, they underwent self-training using a simulator and performed the technique on model B (test B). Subsequently, participants were asked to respond to Training Satisfaction Questions. Video footage of hand movements and endoscope view were recorded during tests A and B for later review by 2 expert surgeons. A 20-step Assessment Checklist, 6-domain Global Rating Scale, and a Pass Rating were used to compare performance on tests A and B.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen participants completed both tests A and B. The 20-step Assessment Checklist and 6-domain Global Rating Scale evaluation results showed significantly improved scores in test B than in test A (P<0.05). No evaluator rated participants as passed after test A, but 11 participants (84.6%) passed after test B. Ten participants (76.9%) indicated that the simulator was helpful in acquiring surgical skills for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The virtual reality head-mounted display holmium laser enucleation of the prostate simulator was effective for surgical skill training. This simulator may help to shorten the learning curve of this technique in real clinical practice in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":14466,"journal":{"name":"International Neurourology Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"138-146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Bench to Bedside, to Hospital: A New Role for the International Neurourology Journal.","authors":"Jin Wook Kim","doi":"10.5213/inj.2424edi03","DOIUrl":"10.5213/inj.2424edi03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14466,"journal":{"name":"International Neurourology Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"73-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravesical Instillation of Hyaluronic Acid With Epidermal Growth Factor for Restoring Urothelial Denudation and Alleviating Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interstitial Cystitis of Rats.","authors":"Chih-Chieh Lin, Jenn-Ming Yang, Tzu-Hsiang Hsu, Hua-Lin Lee","doi":"10.5213/inj.2448028.014","DOIUrl":"10.5213/inj.2448028.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of an intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid (HA) combined with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for the treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC) using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IC animal model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 4 groups: sham control, IC, HA, and treatment (HA/ EGF) groups. A polyethylene-50 tube was placed inside the bladder of each animal. IC was induced by twice-weekly instillations of LPS for 3 weeks, which resulted in chronic injury of the urothelium. Animals in the sham control group only received saline instillation. Treatment solutions of HA and HA/EGF were given on days 0, 7, and 14 after IC induction (400 μL of HA in a concentration of 0.4 mg/0.5 mL and 400 μL of NewEpi, a commercialized HA/EGF mixture containing 2 μg of EGF and 0.4 mg of sodium hyaluronate). Animals were sacrificed on day 21 for further examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HA/EGF group showed visible improvement in hematuria with a significant reduction of red blood cells in the urine compared to the HA group. Histological examination revealed that HA/EGF treatment reversed the abnormalities developed in IC, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, irregular re-epithelialization, and fibrotic tissue. Moreover, HA/ EGF significantly reduced the levels of proinflammation cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-1β) and substantially lowered the elevated oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde, yet restored the levels of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, with superior results than HA treatment. Cystometry studies indicated that HA/EGF significantly prolonged intercontraction interval and increased micturition volume.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HA/EGF has been demonstrated as a more effective treatment for enhancing the urothelium lining and reducing inflammatory changes to alleviate clinical symptoms associated with IC in rats, compared to HA alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":14466,"journal":{"name":"International Neurourology Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitional Urology in Korea: Initial Insights Through a Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kyung Tak Oh, Avelyn Noble Lim, Alwadai Raed Ibrahim, Jang Hwan Kim","doi":"10.5213/inj.2448186.093","DOIUrl":"10.5213/inj.2448186.093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In Korea, the field of transitional urology (TU) is in its nascent stages, with its introduction only beginning. This study aims to evaluate the existing state of TU prior to implementing a transition protocol, and to identify key areas of focus for the development of an effective transition protocol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From June 1, 2021 to May 31, 2023, clinical data were retrospectively collected for patients who visited the adult urology or pediatric urology outpatient departments of this hospital and were aged 10 or older, with medical conditions falling under the category of TU. We analyzed the patient distribution across different disease groups. The transitional stages were categorized from T1, indicating initial care by pediatric urologists, to T4, denoting complete transition to adult care. 'T4x' was used for patients with unknown medical histories, and 'T4only' for those who had never been under pediatric urology care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a 2-year period, a total of 1,484 patients received outpatient care for diseases in TU field. The most prevalent diseases were hypospadias (40.4%), spinal bifida (37.3%), and congenital ureteral anomalies (17.7%), with other conditions accounting for 4.6%. Among 553 spinal bifida patients, only 5.3% completed transitional care (T4), while 80.1% were in the initial phase (T1). For patients introduced to adult urology (T2-T4), 37.7% reached T4, highlighting a marked increase in transition completion within this subset (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TU in Korea is in its nascent stage, with a significant gap in the initiation and completion of transitional care for patients with congenital urologic conditions. Early initiation and active engagement in transitional care are crucial for successful transition. This study highlights the need for structured transition protocols to address the complex needs of this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14466,"journal":{"name":"International Neurourology Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"162-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Examination of Ligamentous Pathogenesis of Bladder Pain/Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Using the UEDA Criteria.","authors":"Jörgen Quaghebeur, Jean-Jacques Wyndaele, Peter Petros","doi":"10.5213/inj.2346344.172","DOIUrl":"10.5213/inj.2346344.172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To critically analyse the relationship of bladder pain syndrome (BPS/IC), as defined, to the posterior fornix syndrome, \"PFS\" predictably co-occurring bladder urgency, frequency, nocturia, chronic pelvic pain, emptying symptoms/retention, caused by uterosacral ligament (USL) laxity and cured by USL repair. The starting and end points of this paper are the questions, \"Are there arguments that BPS/IC can, in some cases, be linked to PFS?\" And if so, \"To what extent?\" We used the criteria required by Ueda for proper diagnosis: \"understanding symptoms, detecting abnormal findings and verifying them as a cause of the symptoms.\" Literature, diagnostic and surgical, indicate that chronic pelvic pain \"of unknown origin\" can be caused by unsupported visceral pelvic plexuses because of weak USLs; these cause fire of afferent impulses, which the brain mistakenly interprets as coming from the end-organ itself (i.e., genitourinary pain, lower urinary tract symptoms). The same lax USLs can also weaken the pelvic muscles which contract to stretch the vagina to support the urothelial stretch receptors from below: these may prematurely fire off afferent impulses to activate micturition at lower bladder volumes, interpreted as urgency. A speculum placed in the vagina can relieve pain and urgency by mechanically supporting the vaginal wall and USLs, thus predicting an eventual cure by USL repair. There is need to evaluate what percentage of women with known BPS/IC also pass the criteria for PFS. Identifying a significant percentage of BPS/IC women with the causative relation between PFS pathogenesis and BPS/ IC may open a new way of diagnosing and treating BPS/IC in some women.</p>","PeriodicalId":14466,"journal":{"name":"International Neurourology Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}