{"title":"Revisiting China’s climate policy","authors":"A. Mori, Mika Takehara","doi":"10.4324/9781351037587-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351037587-3","url":null,"abstract":"When encountered the emergence of the multilateral climate governance, China showed hostile stance, opposing against have obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, it has gradually changed the stance to accept a non-obligatory reduction of carbon intensity, and to be proactive in the reduction. Meantime, it has implemented a number of climate policy measures. Against this backdrop, this chapter aims to explore what changed its hostile stance toward proactive one through a revisit to the policy process and policy outcomes that the Chinese government has taken to address the climate-energy conundrum, discussing the effectiveness of the policy outcome and logical consequences that will cause by enhancing the outcome. The findings can be summarized as follows. First, China’s climate policy has been centered on energy development strategy, thus framed as energy policy. However, detailed policy measures have been adjusted to incorporate vested interests of local governments and national oil companies (NOCs), government desire to create new growth point, and emerging heath concerns into account to make it realistic and effective. Second, the resultant climate-energy policy provokes conflicts of interests among provincial governments, NOCs and distributed energy producers, which blocks changes in energy mix from accelerating, and impairing the structural effect in CO 2 emission reduction. Such domestic conflicts of interests is shifting the government focus toward “going global” of coal and hydropower industries, which can cause international disruption of livelihood and ecology, and directs the energy infrastructure system of foreign countries toward a high CO 2 emission pathway.","PeriodicalId":138279,"journal":{"name":"China’s Climate-Energy Policy","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133250451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic and carbon impacts of China’s NDC and the Paris Agreement on Asian energy-exporting countries","authors":"Hikari Ban, K. Fujikawa","doi":"10.4324/9781351037587-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351037587-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138279,"journal":{"name":"China’s Climate-Energy Policy","volume":"488 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122170843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of the resource boom in the 2000s on Asian-Pacific energy-exporting countries","authors":"A. Mori, Le Dong","doi":"10.4324/9781351037587-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351037587-8","url":null,"abstract":"Resource booms generate the Dutch disease and increases vulnerability to resource price shock in resource-dependent countries. This chapter analyzes whether both the global resource boom in 2003-08 and China-induced boom in 2009-13 caused these effects in the Asian-Pacific region. It considers the three coal and gas exporters of Australia, Indonesia and Kazakhstan, the two natural gas exporters of Myanmar and Turkmenistan, and the coal exporter of Mongolia, employing a trade specialization coefficient (TSC) and a relative comparative analysis (RCA) to analyze the impact on export competitiveness by industries. Results reveal that all the six countries suffer from the real appreciation and the Dutch disease, face stronger export specification in resource extraction sectors and low value-added primary and industrial sectors, and exhibit an increasing trade dependency on China ---all of which make them more vulnerable to resource price shocks. The extent, however, depends on the type of fuel for export, resource dependency in its export, its initial industrial structure, international competitiveness, macroeconomic management, and resource governance. China has acquired assets, resources and infrastructure in exchange for reducing its trade deficit, providing little, if any, effective counter measures to allow them to escape from the Dutch disease.","PeriodicalId":138279,"journal":{"name":"China’s Climate-Energy Policy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114800913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"China’s impacts on global sustainability","authors":"K. Fujikawa, Zuoyi Ye, Hikari Ban","doi":"10.4324/9781351037587-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351037587-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138279,"journal":{"name":"China’s Climate-Energy Policy","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127532391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Upper Mekong region energy development impacts on Myanmar’s socio-ecological systems","authors":"Lynn Thiesmeyer","doi":"10.4324/9781351037587-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351037587-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138279,"journal":{"name":"China’s Climate-Energy Policy","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123785803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Income distribution effects of a carbon tax in China","authors":"K. Fujikawa, Zuoyi Ye, Hikari Ban","doi":"10.4324/9781351037587-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351037587-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138279,"journal":{"name":"China’s Climate-Energy Policy","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123925190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy system reforms for the reduction of coal dependency","authors":"Nobuhiro Horii","doi":"10.4324/9781351037587-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351037587-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138279,"journal":{"name":"China’s Climate-Energy Policy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125456711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To what extent must increasing natural gas imports contribute to pollution control and sustainable energy supply in China?","authors":"Mika Takehara","doi":"10.4324/9781351037587-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351037587-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138279,"journal":{"name":"China’s Climate-Energy Policy","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132611925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}