The Journal of Cognitive Science最新文献_第10页

Indirect Reciprocity and Reputation Management in Religious Morality Relating to Concepts of Supernatural Agents 与超自然主体概念相关的宗教道德中的间接互惠与声誉管理

The Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2016-10-17 DOI: 10.1558/JCSR.27256

Andreas Nordin

{"title":"Indirect Reciprocity and Reputation Management in Religious Morality Relating to Concepts of Supernatural Agents","authors":"Andreas Nordin","doi":"10.1558/JCSR.27256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCSR.27256","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns with reputation are found in relation to human notions about rank, honour, religious notions and sacred values. In cognitive and evolutionary approaches to religion, such as “adaptivist” and “by-product” theories, concepts of reputation are usually given only an indirect significance. From an “adaptivist” perspective, belief in supernatural punishment supports commitment enhancement and promotes intra-group competition, especially in the absence of concerns about reputational pressure. Alternative accounts, found in “by-product” and “standard model” – approaches, suggests that to attribute moral notions to supernatural agents derive from human cognitive systems devoted to social interaction and coordination entailing reputation monitoring. More profoundly, in altruist and mutualist models of human cooperation and morality, reputation implies different functions and, by consequence, reputation in “adaptivist” and “by-product” theories is awarded different degree of importance. The aim of this article is to analyse a predominant type of religious morality by focusing on conceptualisation of supernatural agents and the function of reputation monitoring. I shall compare altruist and mutualist accounts and adopt the latter to complement our understanding of the social cognitive machinery that underpins the relevance and attribution of moral notions to supernatural agents. I shall argue that concern about reputation is close at hand in the cognition of supernatural agents since: a) according to mutualistic theories, reputation holds a significant position in cooperation and morality and this has consequences for how religious morality ought to be modelled; b) supernatural agents are supposedly “full access agents” and aware of “strategic information” because they are omniscient agents that know everything of importance for a believer’s reputation and the dynamics of indirect reciprocity in which the believer takes part.","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123347396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Role of Categorical Information in Refutation Texts 范畴信息在反驳语篇中的作用

The Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2016-09-30 DOI: 10.17791/jcs.2016.17.3.441

Irini Skopeliti, S. Vosniadou

引用次数: 4

The Effect of Present Activity Verbs on Processing Structural Ambiguity in Japanese Garden-Path Sentences 现在时活动动词对日语园径句结构歧义加工的影响

The Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2016-09-30 DOI: 10.17791/JCS.2016.17.3.469

Y. Yamamori

{"title":"The Effect of Present Activity Verbs on Processing Structural Ambiguity in Japanese Garden-Path Sentences","authors":"Y. Yamamori","doi":"10.17791/JCS.2016.17.3.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17791/JCS.2016.17.3.469","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the semantics of the present form (known as the -ru form) of activity verbs in Japanese and examines the effect of these verbs in contrast to that of the inflected form (the -ta form). Garden-path sentences involving an ambiguity between a simple sentential reading and a relative clause reading generally show a preference for the former reading; when the preferred reading proves to be inconsistent with the correct reading of the sentence, the ensuing processing difficulty is known as the ‘gardenpath effect.’ Interestingly, it has been observed that the effect is reduced in sentences that contain activity verbs in the present -ru form in the adnominal clause. One major problem that arises in the interpretation of the -ru form in subordinate clauses is that it is temporally ambiguous, and may be interpreted as belonging to the matrix clause instead. To date, no uniform analysis has been developed to characterize the semantic nature of the -ru form in subordinate clauses. The main goal of this study was to develop a semantics of the -ru form. The data revealed some interesting findings suggesting some logical characteristics of the -ru form. The results help to clarify how the semantic nature of the -ru form exerts an effect on the processing of garden-path sentences.","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124706246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Processing-Based Account for the Preferred Ordering of the Korean Classifier Structures 基于处理的韩语分类器结构优先排序方法

The Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2016-09-30 DOI: 10.17791/JCS.2016.17.3.423

Kum-Jeong Joo, Kitaek Kim

引用次数: 2

Aaron C.T. Smith, Thinking about Religion 亚伦·史密斯，《宗教思考

The Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2016-09-04 DOI: 10.1558/jcsr.v2i2.26948

L. Oviedo

引用次数: 0

Developing Korean Affect Word List and It’s Application 韩语影响词表的开发及其应用

The Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.19066/COGSCI.2016.27.3.002

Youngji Hong, 남예은, Yoonhyoung Lee

引用次数: 4

How is the inner contour of objects encoded in visual working memory: evidence from holes 物体的内部轮廓是如何在视觉工作记忆中编码的:来自孔的证据

The Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.19066/COGSCI.2016.27.3.001

Sung-Ho Kim

引用次数: 0

Semantic transparency effects in the learning of new words: An ERP study 语义透明度对新词学习的影响:ERP研究

The Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.19066/COGSCI.2016.27.3.004

Bae Sungbong, Yi， Kwangoh, Taejin Park

引用次数: 0

The Predictive Processing of Korean Control Sentences 韩语控制句的预测加工

The Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.17791/JCS.2016.17.3.389

Jina Song, Hongoak Yun

{"title":"The Predictive Processing of Korean Control Sentences","authors":"Jina Song, Hongoak Yun","doi":"10.17791/JCS.2016.17.3.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17791/JCS.2016.17.3.389","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study is to investigate whether an antecedent for pro in Korean control sentences is predictively determined and if so, which constituent is preferred to be selected as an antecedent for pro. We manipulated the type of preverbal markers (i.e., control-creating markers, –keys or –la, and a control-neutral marker, -kes) and the type of control verbs (subject control verbs, object control verbs). Using a self-paced moving window reading task with a secondary judgment, we found that 1) reading times at control verbs were slower when preverbal markers (i.e., control-neutral markers) did not provide any particular semantic information on pro than when they (i.e., control-creating markers) cued semantic information on pro. 2) The words prior to control verbs took longer to read when the antecedent for pro corresponded to matrix subjects than matrix objects. 3) The rejection rates of sentences were higher from the position of control verbs when controlneutral markers were used and pro had to be co-indexed with matrix subjects than when control-creating markers were used and pro had to be co-indexed with matrix objects. Our results suggest that licensing of pro identity was predictively determined and matrix objects were preferred the antecedent for pro. Taken together, we claim that Korean readers actively and immediately use information from preverbal markers and control verbs associated with pro resolution.","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128648308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An ERP study on the processing of Syntactic and lexical negation in Korean 韩语句法与词汇否定加工的ERP研究

The Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.19066/cogsci.2016.27.3.006

Yunju Nam

引用次数: 2