Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic & static visual acuity chart – past, present & future: A brief review","authors":"Navneet Sharma, Renu Thakur","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.039","url":null,"abstract":"This study is a review for the dynamic visual acuity (DVA) its various methods of assessment used in the past, at present and for the future in the clinical practice.Various previously literatures from Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline Plus, Scopus were studied and reviewed thoroughly. Different techniques and methods which are used for the assessment of the dynamic visual acuity in the past and in the current clinical practice and also the use of immersive technology like AR/VR/MR for the future scenario for DVAT also reviewed in this study.In many different environments and professions, such as driving, sports, and for special forces, the measurement of visual acuity, particularly the dynamic visual acuity, is crucial. As we all live in a three-dimensional environment, therefore, it is important to use immersive technology, such as AR, VR, and MR, to measure dynamic visual acuity since it can create a real-world environment while doing so and produce better findings.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry eye in mask wearers among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Bhagwati Wadwekar, Kaaviya Asokan, Renuka Srinivasan, Kandasamy Ravichandran","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.063","url":null,"abstract":"To estimate the proportion of dry eye among healthcare workers (HCWs) wearing masks and to find association of dry eye disease symptoms (DEDS), Tear film break up time (TBUT) and Schirmer’s test (ST) with sociodemographic factors, duration of mask wear, ill-fitting mask, and type of mask.: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary care hospital among 384 HCW’s wearing mask. We took a detailed history, and did ocular examination, TBUT and ST.:Of the 384 HCW’s, TBUT was found to be reduced in 89 (23.2%) participants. All DEDS had a significant association with TBUT (p value for burning =0.001; p value for irritation =0.003; p value for dryness < 0.001). Among the HCWs female gender, occupation of doctors and nurses had a significant association with DEDS. One hundred and fifty (39.1%) were using combined masks. N95 was used mostly by doctors 75(81.5%). Burning sensation in the eyes was common in those wearing combined and N95 mask. Two seventy-one (70.5%) participants used masks for 8 or more hours per day and had a significant burning sensation (P=0.026). one hundred and twenty-two (68.3%) participants who were using masks for more than 12 months showed a significant dryness (P=0.00). TBUT and DEDS had a significant association with awareness of airflow.:We found 23.2% HCWs had dry eye. They are at a higher risk of developing mask associated with dry eye. Mask associated dry eye was more common in females, doctors, and nurses and with ill-fitting mask.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic optometry: A new era called bionic eye","authors":"Komal Sharma, Anjali Rawat, Sabeeha Kausar, N. Madishetti, Moin Khan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.040","url":null,"abstract":"The discipline of visual bionics has seen tremendous advancements during the past ten years. The article  provides a full and pertinent account of the work made thus far. The study identifies and analyses the main traits and limitations of the patient studies that have been attempted internationally. Perhaps the biggest hope in the realm of sensory is to give blind people their sight physiology back. There has been and still is significant scepticism among the vision community over the viability of a comparable & Bionic approach to vision.An artificial retina is created to restore photoreceptor function that has been impaired due to retinal degeneration. The artificial eye catches light and transforms it into a digital signal using devices like surveillance footage, desktops and laptops and electrodes. The cerebral cortex receives this electrical signal, which generates a fresh simulation of vision. This is distinct from implanted lenses or low-vision equipment, which aim to improve a person’s current eyesight.The present initiatives seek to supply enough electricity to operate several electrodes safely. New material development and manufacturing techniques will be essential in overcoming these obstacles. This requirement emphasises how interdisciplinary researches and studies are important for human vision; For instance, product researchers are equally crucial as electrical professionals, BTech Bio Tech Professionals and vision specialists in the development for the Bionic or artificial eye.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic globe luxation- A case series","authors":"Sirisha Vinzamuri, Arun Bhatti, Samyakta Shetti","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.068","url":null,"abstract":": Traumatic globe luxation is a very rare clinical condition. It usually presents after severe trauma to orbit often causing wall fracture and severe globe damage which entails enucleation. A retrospective interventional case series of three patients presenting to emergency room (ER) with globe luxation accompanied by varying clinical presentation over years 2017-23.: Globe luxation is a rare condition often requiring multidisciplinary approach. In spite of the visual prognosis being very poor appropriate management and follow-up can lead to better preservation of cosmesis.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy","authors":"Vaishali Satyajeet Pawar, S. Patil, Ajit V Sontakke, Prajakta S Patil","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.046","url":null,"abstract":": Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) as suggested by experimental and clinical studies. The study aimed to measure as well as compare total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. In this cross-sectional study we measured serum TAC, MDA, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c levels in 3 groups of T2DM patients with 110 cases in each group: 1st group without DR and/or DN, 2nd group with DN, and 3rd group with DR. This study was done in a tertiary care hospital from Dec 2019 to Dec 2022. Data was analyzed using version 20 of SPSS software. In DR patients, TAC levels were significantly lower (P=0.000), and FPG and HbA1c levels were significantly higher (P=0.003 & P=0.001 respectively) than in DM and DN patients. However, MDA did not show any significant difference in all groups. In the proliferative DR group, duration of diabetes, MDA levels, FPG levels, and HbA1c levels were significantly high (P=0.027, P=0.033, P=0.014 & P=0.000 respectively) and TAC levels were significantly low (P=0.033) as compared to non-proliferative DR group.: Weakening of the antioxidant defence system with increased oxidative stress in DM is associated with complications like DR and DN and also with the progression of DR to its vision-threatening proliferative stage.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical study on association of diabetic retinopathy severity with HbA1c level","authors":"P. Sharma, Kavita Kumar, Aditi Dubey, Nitin Kushwaha, Pooja Maravi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.045","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) have a greater risk of blindness compared to those without diabetes. HbA1c is a valuable indicator used to assess the long-term management of diabetes mellitus. Hence, the main objective of this study was to explore the relationship between HbA1c levels and the severity of diabetic retinopathy.This one-year prospective observational clinical study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology and Diabetic Clinic, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, involving 100 diabetic patients. Detailed medical histories related to their diabetes were recorded. The diabetic retinopathy status of each patient was assessed through a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and classified according to the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) system. Clinical data of the patients, including HbA1c levels, were gathered during the study period.Among the 100 patients, 29% were females, while the remaining 71% were males. A notable finding emerged, revealing a significant link between the severity of diabetic retinopathy and HbA1c levels. Additionally, the duration of diabetes and lipid levels also demonstrated a significant association with the severity of retinopathy (P value < 0.05). However, the age and gender of the patients did not exhibit a significant correlation when compared across different grades of diabetic retinopathy (P value > 0.05). ROC analysis revealed that an HbA1c cutoff of 7.6% was the most effective in detecting both the presence of any diabetic retinopathy and its grades. A strong statistical relationship was found between HbA1c levels and the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Patients with higher HbA1c levels, indicating poorer blood sugar control, showed more severe grades of diabetic retinopathy. HbA1c levels emerged as a reliable predictor for both the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies (NSBVA) among university students of North India","authors":"Tsering Lamu Shongmu, Zeeshan Akhtar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.050","url":null,"abstract":": To report the clinical profile of Non-Strabismic Binocular Vision Anomalies (NSBVA) among university students in North India.: A cross-sectional study was performed among 180 students of the university between the age of 17-35 years attending Sushant vision care center (SVCC), Gurugram from October 2017- February 2020. A comprehensive eye examination and a detailed orthoptic evaluation for binocular and accommodative dysfunctions was carried out, including sensory and motor examinations. : 102 of the 180 patients were women and 78 were men. The mean age of the sample was found to be 21.8±2.3 years (mean±SD) with an age range of 17-35 years. The prevalence of NSBVA was found to be 62.2%, of which Convergence Insufficiency was found to be most prevalent (37.2%), followed by Accommodative Insufficiency (12.2%), Accommodative Infacility (7.2%), and Accommodative excess (5.5%). Out of the total, 89 students (49%) exhibited ocular symptoms, while the remaining 91 (51%) were asymptomatic; prevalent symptoms included eyestrain, headaches, and watering of the eyes. The study reveals prevalent non-strabismic binocular anomalies among university students, with vergence dysfunctions being more prevalent than accommodating dysfunctions. Convergence Insufficiency is the most common. While some of these anomalies might lead to noticeable symptoms, others remain asymptomatic, potentially contributing to delayed diagnosis. Comprehensive eye exams are essential for university students, encompassing evaluation of accommodative and binocular functions alongside refraction to timely detection and treatment, including lenses, prisms, and vision therapy to enhance visual performance","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined intraocular and oculofacial surgeries","authors":"Saptagirish Rambhatla, Srushti Bagde, Shashidhar VS, Samya Mujeeb, R. P. Maurya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.044","url":null,"abstract":": Traditionally, a ‘combined surgery’ for ophthalmologists includes combined cataract extraction with other intraocular surgeries. However, literature is lacking on oculofacial procedures (eyelid, brow lift and facial surgery) combined with cataract extraction. : With this study, we aim to analyse the possibility and feasibility of simultaneous cataract and Oculoplastic procedures. Patients with operable cataracts and non-infective oculoplastic lesions, consenting to undergo simultaneous procedures were included in the study. We performed combined cataract and oculoplastic procedures in 122 patients, out of which 53 were males and 69 were females, 73 were ipsilateral and 49 contralateral eyes. The postoperative follow-up period was 1 month. We did not note any hemorrhage/ hematoma in any of our patients undergoing combined procedures. No post-operative ocular inflammation/ infection was noted after cataract extraction. We found that the combined procedure of ptosis under/ over correction with cataract extraction had no bearing on visual outcomes as compared to routine cataract outcomes. We noted no under or over-correction in patients undergoing ptosis correction. : Simultaneous extra-ocular and phacoemulsification is an option for patients reluctant for multistage procedures either by choice or medical recommendations. It is also an alternative for patients with poor medical compliance and works in favour of ergonomics and economy.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual evoked potential as an early assessment tool in ethambutol-induced toxic optic neuropathy during treatment of tuberculosis","authors":"Anita Misra, Santosh Kumar Sethi, Partha Singh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.066","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine whether visual evoked potential (VEP) may be utilized as a screening tool for Ethambutol-induced toxic optic neuropathy (EITON) and whether discontinuing the use of Ethambutol will reverse the signs and symptoms of EITON in patients who are suffering from tuberculosis.Following receipt of authorization from the Institutional Ethics Committee to proceed with the present study, the study officially got underway. The World Health Organization recommended that forty people who had been diagnosed with tuberculosis get ethambutol medication for a period of six months at a dosage of 15-19 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. These patients were inspected both before and after receiving the treatment. Visual function tests and visual evoked potential (VEP) tests were administered to each patient to assess the visual pathway's condition.An irregular VEP pattern was seen in seven patients out of forty individuals, which accounts for 17.5% of the total. Among these seven patients, delayed P100 latency was observed in all seven patients (17.5%), and an aberrant amplitude difference was documented in one patient (2.5%). There were four patients (10%) who were found to have suboptimal visual acuity, and there were three patients (7.5%) who were found to have problems with their colour vision. An association between low visual acuity and increased P100 delay values was discovered in three out of seven cases. This was the case that was investigated. One patient's visual acuity and colour vision had decreased after two months of Ethambutol therapy, while three patients' visual acuity and colour vision had decreased within four to six months of medication. Due to the absence of abnormalities in the fundus, a diagnosis of retrobulbar optic neuritis was made in these four cases, constituting 10% of the total. There was a full reversal of P100 delay in three patients (43%) out of seven and a partial reversal in four (57%) out of seven.Our study demonstrates that even at the recommended doses of ethambutol, a timely and routinely performed pattern VEP can detect a significant proportion of cases of subclinical optic neuritis. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the signs and symptoms of ocular toxicity can be reversed in a significant number of these patients after the cessation of Ethambutol treatment.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning curve of resident performed phacoemulsification versus manual small incision cataract surgery at a regional ophthalmic institute in western India","authors":"Garima Agrawal, Sanath Khobragade","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.048","url":null,"abstract":": Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification form part of the surgical armamentarium offered to the trainee doctors. We designed a study to document the visual outcomes and major surgical complications of manual small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification at our tertiary care centre. : The study was carried out at our tertiary care centre. The study design is a retrospective, institutional cohort study. Data of consecutive resident cataract surgeries done at our centre from October 2022 to April 2023 were recorded. 283 consecutive resident cataract surgical records were reviewed. MSICS was allotted to junior resident second year (JR2) and junior resident third year (JR3b) (first six months of JR3 residency) groups of residents while phacoemulsification was given to junior resident third year (JR3a) (last six months of JR3 residency) and to the senior residents (SRs). The preoperative and postoperative examination included best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, thorough anterior and posterior segment examination. The surgical steps had been documented. The follow up protocol was one day, four days, fortnight, six weeks and 12 weeks. The major surgical complications were documented.Statistical analysis was done using the student “t” test. Chi square value was calculated and a p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.: 283 eyes of 283 patients were documented. Phacoemulsification was done in 136 cases and MSICS in 147 cases. Age, gender, grade of nucleus and the type of surgery were not significantly associated with the major surgical complication rate. The resident group was significantly associated with the major surgical complication rate (p value 0.01). The lowest complication rate was seen in JR3b operated MSICS cases (1.7%). This was closely followed by SR operated phacoemulsification cases (2.6%). 98.5% of phacoemulsification cases and 98% of MSICs cases had a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 6/6 and 6/18 at 12 weeks postoperatively.: In conclusion both phacoemulsification and MSICS performed by resident doctors at our institute had good visual outcomes with an acceptable complication rate. As the surgical experience of the surgeon widens the surgical outcomes also improve.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}