Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector最新文献

{"title":"EXPRESSIVE DIMENSIONS OF NATURAL LIGHTING IN HISTORIC WORSHIP BUILDINGS AND ITS EMPLOYMENT TO SERVE RELEGIOUS PURPOSES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ANCIENT AND ISLAMIC ERAS IN EGYPT","authors":"Ayah Ahmed Khallaf, Mohamed Ali Al-Sherbiny","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.253859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.253859","url":null,"abstract":"This research discusses the expressive potentialities of natural lighting in architectural design of worship buildings, and how it is employed to convey meanings and feelings that help achieving religious purposes. The study focused on historic worship buildings of Egypt, during two of the most important eras in the history of Egyptian architecture, namely ancient Egyptian and Islamic architecture. The aim of research is to explore how past architects used natural lighting methods to evoke connotations and feelings that reflect concepts of religion and create the appropriate atmosphere for prayer and worship, in order to extract design lessons that can be useful for contemporary practice in architecture. The research adopts comparative analysis approach to compare natural lighting methods in worship buildings during the two eras and interpret their meanings according to the dominant religious concepts during each era. The analysis method includes the study of natural lighting sources inside spaces and their effects in selected examples representing the prevalent types of worship buildings in each era, to inspect how they were utilized to create the suitable atmosphere and imply the appropriate connotations that are required for religious practices.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124541542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NON STANDARD OVERCURRENT RELAY FOR HIGH RESPONSE WITH SELF BACKUP PROTECTION","authors":"Abdallah Reda, M. Ibrahim, A. AbdelGawad","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.253850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.253850","url":null,"abstract":"The ABB REF 615 relay model is an overcurrent and earth fault relay used to protect the feeder of the real radial system of 66/11 KV Egyptian Substation NO.7 in 10 th Ramadan. The main objective of this paper is to create non-standard characteristics in overcurrent relays to improve the response and to operate under its failing. In the proposed model, a combined setting is utilized and consists of NI and VI curves. The working area of overcurrent relay is divided into two areas. In the first area, the VI curve is operated as back up of NI curve and in the second area, the NI curve is operated as back up of VI curve. The simulation results are verified by ETAP software. The results prove that the developed model has two advantages. The first advantage is reducing the operating time by 40% over the conventional model. The second advantage is providing self back up protection in the relay and increases the protection level if any setting fails to operate.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115460721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS AND STRENGTH OF AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE (AAC) IN THE COMPOSITE SECTION R.C. BEAMS AND SLABS","authors":"M. Okasha, Mohamed E. Abdel Razek, H. EL-Esnawi","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.253829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.253829","url":null,"abstract":"An ideal situation for material saving in structural design is to reduce the structure's weight without compromising its strength and serviceability. The objective of this study is to use autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) for the composite section. The reinforced concrete section in AAC blocks is used as infill material. This research aims to develop the composite section, a reinforced concrete sandwich with a filling of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks used in beams and slabs. The present study was conducted to investigate the structural behavior of beam and slab infill AAC. A Finite element model based on the computer program (ANSYS WORKBENCH 20 R1) has been developed to predict the behavior and strength of lightweight Composite section reinforced concrete element beams and slabs. This study contains two parts, the first part presented seven models of beams, and the second part presented five models of slabs. The results show that the difference between that solid beam and beam infill AAC at failure load is 12.7 %. This study aims to reduce weight without compromising the composite section's resistance and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114985022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR UNPLANNED URBAN RESIDENTIAL AREAS BY GEO-DATABASES","authors":"Tarek Ismael, Mona Abdel Wahed, Nanis Abd El Monem","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.253861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.253861","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115095839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL AND PARAMETRIC RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF CFS-ZEE SECTION UNDER CYCLIC LOAD","authors":"Andrew Nabil, Anwar Badawy Abu-Sena, Emad Darwish, H. El-Tobgy","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.253802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.253802","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the axial performance of Cold-Formed Steel, CFS thin-walled Zee sections under cyclic pure axial loading. The experiment studied a zee section with a depth of 200mm and a thickness of 2mm. The experiment program was conducted for three full-scale specimens to examine the three buckling failure modes: local buckling, distortion buckling, and global buckling modes with a length of 600mm,1000 mm, and 2500mm, respectively. The Zee-section web is provided with a notch in the distortion and global buckling specimens to prevent the local buckling formation in the web. The energy dissipation with strength degradation behavior of the Zee section was examined for the three buckling failure modes. The cyclic load-displacement protocol was performed according to the FEMA 461 method depending on the elastic properties of the CFS section. The results showed the failure mode of the CFS zee elements and investigated the axial load-displacement responses and axial load capacity. A Finite Element Model FEM was conducted and validated by the experimental results. The FEM analysis was extended to study the behavior of the cyclic Zee sections with wide ranges of Zee-sections’ geometry, including the lip depth, flange width, and thickness.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116047435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE DIELECTRIC STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF RUBBER BLENDS USING FEED-FORWARD NEURAL NETWORK IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS","authors":"M. Abdalla, L. Nasrat, A. Mansour, El-said Othman","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.253851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.253851","url":null,"abstract":"Polymers have been frequently employed in electrical applications because of their strong thermal and electrical insulating qualities, low density, and chemical resistance. In this study, a comparison between the behaviour and electrical properties of polymer blends and the results of artificial neural network (ANN) modelling has been conducted. Five samples of silicon rubber (SiR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) were prepared in different proportions. A dielectric test was used to test the dielectric performance of insulation samples under various polluting conditions such as dry, wet, low salinity, and high salinity wet according to ASTM standards. Percentage of blend and dielectric strength were used by ANN modelling for varying ambient conditions. The observations on ANN results and the experimental results have shown sufficient accuracy mutually. The artificial intelligence modelling studies for this article prove the applicability of the behavioural and electrical properties of EPDM/SiR blends. These findings indicate that artificial neural networks can be a useful tool for conducting experiments on the behaviour and electrical properties of polymer materials.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122953341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM USING SEAWATER FOR AIR PRECOOLING","authors":"Husain Etaiwe, R. Sakr, M. Salem, H. Abdelrahman","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.253840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.253840","url":null,"abstract":": Cold seawater is an important renewable energy source that can be used in the field of air conditioning. In the northern Arabian Gulf, the depth of seawater ranges from 40 m to 60 m, with seawater temperatures ranging from 15°C to 27°C, which is insufficient for use as a direct seawater method for air conditioning in high-temperature conditions. In this paper, two single effect LiBr-H 2 O absorption air conditioning systems that utilize seawater are studied. The seawater is used in the first system for cooling the cooling water required for both the condenser and the absorber. While the second system utilizes seawater for cooling, cooling water is required for the condenser and absorber as well as the air precooling process. The generator temperature varied from 90 o C to 110 o C. Completer thermodynamics analysis is performed using EES software and the results show that the coefficient of performance for two systems is the same while a considerable reduction of the equipment size is prevailed due to air precooling.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123721247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE BEHAVIOR OF THE CFS-ZEE SECTION UNDER MONOTONIC AXIAL LOAD: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND PARAMETRIC STUDY","authors":"Andrew Nabil, Anwar Badawy Abu-Sena, H. El-Tobgy, Emad Darwish","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.253798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.253798","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the cold-formed Steel sections (CFS) are increasingly used in light and mid-height buildings. So, this research examined the axial compression behavior of CFS thin-walled Zee-shaped section under pure axial monotonic loading. This study conducted full-scale tests on three specimens to investigate the three main modes of failure: local buckling, distortion buckling, and global buckling modes. The specimens were selected from CFS Zee sections with 600mm, 1000mm, and 2500mm. The imperfection of the CFS sections was captured by the 3D scanning before testing and implementation in the FE models. Then, the pure axial load was applied monotonic. The failure modes and axial capacity are discussed in detail. In addition, this research investigated the axial load-displacement responses and the axial load capacity. The energy dissipation with strength degradation was thoroughly investigated. A Finite Element Model (FEM) was conducted and verified by the experimental results. Finally, the FEM analysis was extended to study the behavior of the Zee section with a different range of dimensions to predict the section parameters' behavior under axial monotonic load.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121821393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IN STREAM POLLUTION CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURAL DRAINS WATER USING PLASTIC MEDIA","authors":"Zainab El Hefny, Samy, GH. M, El Nadi M. H, Nasr N. A. H, Hagras. M. A. S","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.253781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.253781","url":null,"abstract":"Water bodies are facing many problems in Egypt due to the direct disposal of both raw domestic and industrial wastewater depending on the stream self purification. With the increase of pollution amounts the stream self purification takes long distance and period to recover the stream that affected by the repeating disposals which made the stream polluted along its length. This study covered the use of plastic media inside stream as a low cost bioreactor packing media that increased dissolved oxygen by 48.88% decrease COD and BOD by 75.8% % & 81.4% % respectively. It is also decrease total dissolved solids and turbidity by 51.5% & 87.2% respectively which helped to minimize the distance needed for self - purification process in water bodies through a less distance than required.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114798355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPROVE THE WAXY ASHPALT CONCRETE MIXTURE PROPERTIES USING CRUMB RUBBER AS AN ADDITIVES","authors":"Sherif Mostafa, A. Wahdan, H. Mahdy","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.253774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.253774","url":null,"abstract":"For more than half a century, asphalt cement used in Egyptian road construction was produced by distillation of crude oils from the fields in the Red Sea area. At the early seventies, the production from the Suez refinery was halted, and asphalt cement was produced from newly discovered crude oil fields in the Egyptian western desert. However, many problems were accompanied by severe creep deformations towards pavement edges and near the median curbs, and Pavement service life dropped from 15 years to about 3 years. This research had studied the effect of adding Crumb Rubber from recycled tires as additive in the mixture by rations 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% to bitumen in the asphalt mixture to improve the performance of the waxy asphalt and compare the result with 3 control samples. The optimum bitumen content was determined using the Marshall method. The bitumen range region was set according to each mixture's bitumen demand. The relationship between traffic volume and stability describing the effect of applying the additive by varied ratios will be tabulated, as well as the flow, stability, and penetration values. Using Crumb Rubber from recycled tires as additive used in this study improved the waxy asphalt mixture properties and it is recommended to be used under heavy traffic loads as the marshal stability results show ascending increase from 1029 kg to 1252 kg by increasing the percentage of Crumb Rubber as additive from 1% to 5%. Also, it is recommended in warm weather as the penetration test results show increasing values from 2.96 mm to 3.025 mm and decrease in rutting wheel tracking test value reached 2.2 mm depth at 10000 total Passes. The results show a slight increase in flow values by increasing from 2.96 mm to 3.025 mm by increasing the percentage of Crumb Rubber as additive from 1% to 5% (4.5%) more than control sample at 5% Crumb Rubber as an additive to bitumen The results show a decrease in penetration value by increasing the percentage of the Crumb Rubber as additive from 1% to 5% as additive till reached 42 mm at 25°C. The results show a decrease in LWTR value reached 2.2 mm depth at 10000 total Passes.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131991481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}