Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector最新文献

{"title":"THE ROLE OF RESPONSIVE FACADES AS A HIGH-TECH IN ZERO CARBON BUILDINGS","authors":"H. Yousef, Tarek El-Hinnawy, M. Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.234022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.234022","url":null,"abstract":": The current century is characterized by a great acceleration in all aspects of life, which had a tangible impact on the progress of humanity in general and the acceleration of science and technology in particular. It allows providing solutions to the problems that the building sector suffers from, such as carbon emissions during the life cycle of buildings, especially during the operation phase, as well as the waste of energy consumption, as it is an influencing factor in the issuance of emissions indirectly, while not positively exploiting the surrounding environment resources. This coincided with high technology and its techniques that gave great flexibility to the architectural thought and allowed new horizons that were not preceded before, such as technologies that provide response and adaptation for buildings and their ability to simulate the surrounding nature as if it were a biological organism that can adapt and interact with variables. This prompted the research towards studying and scrutinizing whether it was possible, through these responsive technical data as one of the high-tech outputs, to achieve reducing carbon emissions from the operating stage of buildings, as a goal towards achieving zero carbon emissions in what is known as zero-carbon buildings, through the study and analysis of buildings The administrative headquarters of the Swiss Insurance Company and to identify the most important technologies and responsive systems used and the extent of their achievement to reduce the rate of energy consumption and thus carbon emissions. The research concludes that some of the responsive technologies that can be applied and benefited from as one of the technical strategies used in zero-carbon buildings.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115749764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRELATING PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL WITH DYNAMIC PENETRATION TESTS","authors":"Mohamed Issam Mohamed Abdelhamid, A. Gabr, Hisham Mehdi, M. Arab","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.233755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.233755","url":null,"abstract":"Penetration testing is one of the indirect in-situ testing techniques that used to characterize soil. Dynamic probing has been used as an alternative to the standard penetration test (SPT). Different types of dynamic probing had been used in the literature depending on to the mass and the energy used of the hammering. This study presents a statistical study to investigate the possibility of utilizing the dynamic cone penetration test to evaluate the shear strength parameters of cohesive and non-cohesive soils.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132691571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF VERTICAL GREENERY SYSTEMS TO CONSERVE ENERGY IN ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS IN EGYPT","authors":"M. Beder, A. Atef, A. Nessim","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.234013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.234013","url":null,"abstract":"Urban development in Egypt has led to increased energy consumption. At the same time, development sometimes comes at the expense of green spaces, and this is another problem. Many of the green spaces and large trees that had already existed over the years were removed, whether to develop a road network or other encroachments on green areas. Administrative buildings have a large share of energy consumption in Egypt, so the aim of this study is to rationalize energy consumption in administrative buildings, as well as increase green spaces in Egypt. Therefore, the research studies in detail the types of vertical green systems, their use, their structural and technological systems. The study aims to prove the effectiveness of vertical greenery systems in Egypt by simulating a three-story administrative building. The vertical greening system is applied to the southern facade using the Design Builder program.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122075826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYTICAL STUDY OF URBAN FORMALIST MODELS SHIFTING IN THE PERIOD 1830 - 2021","authors":"M. Salama, Mohamed Abdel Aziz, Essam Abdel Salam","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.234011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.234011","url":null,"abstract":"Urban design discipline synthesizes from evolutionary paradigms as a product of integrated thoughts of design models. Every urban design model consists of concerns and thoughts that are changing continuously. The formalist model is one of the urban design models that has its principles for shaping the built environment. However, the interrelationship and shifts issues among thoughts of all formalist models are not yet gathered and updated in a continuum manner. Therefore, this study aims to present the evolution of urban design concepts and models, with an emphasis on the formalist model. Furthermore, analyzing urban formalist models to discover relations among them through time. In order to do so, this paper is divided into two parts. The first part explains urban design models by applying historical and theoretical approaches, with a focus on the formalist model to provide an alternative framework for understanding the paper's goal. The other part follows an analytical approach for revealing links and relations between urban formalist models. The research results that some of the formalist models have a great influence on the other. For instance, the Beaux-Art movement, the parks movement, Camillo Sitte and Kevin Lynch's thoughts are prominent models that affected other formalist models and concepts. This gets a recommendation for building up more studies on the precedents urban formalist models, which have design principles that enrich contemporary urban designers' thoughts. An additional recommendation is the adoption of traditional urban design thoughts that support a quality of contemporary and public urban life requirements.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123843602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF WARM ASPHALT MIXES USING NANO-KAOLINITE","authors":"Mahmoud Ali Hassn, M. El-Gendy, Mohamed El-Refaey, A. Wahdan","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.233742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.233742","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles are now utilised in a wide range of applications due to their unique chemical and physical intrinsic qualities, such as high specific area, structure, and reactivity; as a result, They play a vital role in the enhancement of asphalt mixture properties. Furthermore, technologies like warm-mix asphalt (WMA) might have a number of economic and environmental advantages. The influence of various Nano-Kaolinite contents on the mechanical performance of warm mix asphalt was investigated in this study (WMA). Because Nano-Kaolinite is common, inexpensive, and simple to obtain and convert to nano size, it was employed as an additive. Based on the weight of bitumen, the mechanical and durability performance of WMA mixes incorporating Nano-Kaolinite was investigated at different Nano-Kaolinite percentages of 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8%. The WMA was created using Evotherm TM as a bitumen additive. Mechanical tests were performed, which included Marshall stability, Marshall flow, indirect tensile strength, and compressive strength. Crushed gravel, rough aggregate particles, and a medium gradation of aggregate were employed in the control mix in this investigation. The results showed that rising Nano-Kaolinite content increased mixture capabilities, increasing Nano-Kaolinite content decreased Marshall flow. Over all, Nano-Kaolinite content had a substantial impact on asphalt and mixture performance, and appeared to exacerbate the effect of warm asphalt. In addition, indirect tensile strength, the Marshall stability, and compressive strength were all raised by 30 %, 50 %, and 68 %, respectively, according to the findings. At the optimum additive percent, Marshall flow reduced by 9%. Rutting depth is also reduced when Nano-Kaolinite is added at any cycle number. Nanomaterials can enhance the effectiveness of warm mix asphalt by increasing compatibility and bonding between asphalt particles, resulting in increased economical and environmental benefits as well as more sustainable and long-lasting pavement solutions. The results showed that as the amount of Nano Clay was increased, the robust modulus increased. At all test temperatures, the Nano Clay modified mixture has a higher value than the unmodified mixture, according to the data. An Indirect Tensile test with diametric compressive loading was also used to conduct a Fatigue test. The purpose of this experiment was to see how Nano Clay affected Fatigue Life. Only 7% Nano Clay was utilised in this experiment. The resistance tests were carried out at temperatures of 5°C and 25°C. The results showed that unmodified mixtures performed better under fatigue at low temperatures than the Nano Clay","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126229530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENHANCEMENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF VERTICAL COMPENSATION FRICTION STIR WELDED JOINTS, THROUGH CHANGING POST-WELD HEAT-TREATMENT CONDITIONS","authors":"F. Farag, Khalil Ibrahemi, M. Abu- Okail, W. Khairaldien, Ibrahim Hassab Allah","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.233760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.233760","url":null,"abstract":"Frictional stir welding (FSW) technology is increasingly used to weld various alloys, especially aluminum alloys, which are used in the manufacture of aircraft, ships, trains, etc. One of the most common techniques used to improve the mechanical properties of welded joints made of different alloy aluminum is the Vertical Compensation Friction Stir Welding (VCFSW) technique. Moreover, the use of different conditions of post-weld heat treatment of VCFSWed joints has a major impact on the mechanical properties of welded joints . Therefore, in the present work, different conditions of post-weld heat treatments were carried out on the VCFSW joints in order to improve the mechanical properties. Specifically, this paper focused on the effect of aging conditions (artificial aging at 120°C, 140°C, and 160°C) and 3 mm wide VCFSW static tape on mechanical properties such as fine hardness and tensile stress . Overall, the results indicated improvement in mechanical properties after using post-weld heat treatment. Specifically, the highest values of exact hardness and tensile strength were obtained at 140 °C, which is due to the change of the microstructure of the welded area by post-weld heat treatment conditions .","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116828956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSING THE ACCURACY OF THE GEOID HEIGHTS CALCULATED BY INTERPOLATION AND EXTRAPOLATION FROM GLOBAL GEOID MODELS IN NORTHERN EGYPT","authors":"Ahmed Ibrahim, M. Elshewy","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.233750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.233750","url":null,"abstract":"Global Geoid Models (GGMs) have an important role in height transformation to convert the ellipsoidal height into orthometric height in several engineering applications. Based on recent research findings, and by pre-assessment of five GGMs; namely EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4, GECO, SGG-UGM-1, and XGM2019e_2159, it was found that the global models XGM2019e_2159 and GECO showed promising results by comparing against 165 GNSS/Level control points in the north of Egypt. In light of the above, the geoid heights calculated from the XGM2019e_2159 and GECO using interpolation and extrapolation methods have been assessed in this region . For each GGM, Geoid heights have been computed and, then, compared with the known control points. In the interpolation part, statistical analysis has been performed with accomplished results indicating that, the errors were about 0.04 m and 0.05 m in the Mediterranean coast and for the Nile River in the delta area were about 0.06 m and 0.05 m, respectively. In the region of Northern Egypt, the leveling of the 3rd class could be replaced by the XGM2019e_2159 or GECO model after aligning it with the control points every 50 km by interpolation approach. On the other approach, the geoid height for a distance of 25 km can be obtained from the global models XGM2019e_2159 and GECO using the extrapolation method with an error of 0.08 m. In order to improve the results obtained by the extrapolation method, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been used to create a local geoid in the area of the Mediterranean coast and evaluated over the Delta region. The results showed small error values of about 0.04 m and 0.05 m in the first 50 km using XGM2019e_2159 and GECO.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127537102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHODOLOGY FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF CONDOMINIUMS","authors":"Ayman Sholkamy Ahmed, Ahmed Fikri Mabrouk, Hassan Hassan Abu Mahmoud","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.234021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.234021","url":null,"abstract":": The management and maintenance of joint housing complexes is one of the important issues that affect the real estate wealth, and the importance of management is in the style and type of management in these complexes, as well as the implementation of maintenance work that must be dealt with in an integrated manner starting from the administrative aspects and passing through the financing aspects in order to reduce the costs of maintenance work in the various stages of the project (Design - Execution - Occupation), The research problem lies in the deterioration of the joint housing complexes after their growth is completed, because maintenance work depends on repairing the fault after its occurrence, due to the absence of an administrative system to document the maintenance process, which leads to the lack of benefit from the maintenance history, as well as the absence of a scientific approach that is reliable in the management and maintenance of residential complexes. The joint, which leads to the difficulty of anticipating or determining the budget required for maintenance works for urban spaces, services and common facilities, The research study is based on the study of two main axes of the research, the first axis is the theoretical study, through which the concepts and types of management are identified in terms of central administration and decentralized administration, as well as the definition of maintenance and its types, as well as the definition of shared housing complexes, the reasons for their emergence and how to manage them. The second axis is the analytical study of each of Al-Rehab City (New Cairo) and the Dar Misr project (October Gardens), to determine the type of best management, as well as maintenance work and the importance of the role of community participation, leading to an approach to managing and maintaining shared residential complexes.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129886725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY RECYCLED BUILDING MATERIALS IN EGYPT","authors":"Rahma Gomaa, Ahmed Atef, A. Mostafa","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.234015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.234015","url":null,"abstract":"Building materials are all over the place. They are the one which create the built environment. Choosing the appropriate material is a necessary step in the design process of the product, as the reliability of the design relies on the chosen materials. The role of materials in architecture has a greater impact than just those to do with design and aesthetics. They have cultural, moral, social and environmental impacts. These implications are widely being ignored. The main focus is being on the performance of the building, pure aesthetics in addition to the short-term economics of used materials. Usually, Architecture and materials are only being taken into account in the terms of the user experience, with a very little or no consideration to impacts which result from the actual existence of the architecture itself. That is why the problem of where materials come from and where they finally end up has a little or no effect on how architecture is applied as a whole [1]. On the other side waste is considered a result of a dead-end scenario within a linear process. thus, countries with higher amount of waste can bs considered as the most polluters, or as countries having highest amounts of reusable resources. From this point concept of recycling started to have its own impact in life cycle of each material [2]. On the other side, Egypt has a great potential to use waste materials and develop recycling process depending on the great amounts of available waste materials that can be recycled instead of being thrown in landfills causing environment pollution. This research will depend on a set of statistics issued by the Egyptian government regarding the quantities, classification, and types of waste materials available in Egypt. It will also depend on the analysis of a group of previous literature reviews that studied recycled materials and their impact on the environmental performance of the building. In addition to, making a comparative analysis between conventional and recycled materials to get out which have a better environmental performance. Since it will be difficult to be study all building materials, a group of commonly used materials was chosen like bricks as a construction building material, glazing as a material for facades, and plastic as a finishing material used in the interior.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132484752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLASSIFICATION AND DIGITAL RESTORATION OF DAMAGED ARABIC MANUSCRIPTS","authors":"Al Amira A. Hassan, Fawzy I. Elrefai, Ali A. Halwa, Hany Gadelrab","doi":"10.21608/auej.2022.233845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2022.233845","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel an effective approach to classify the damage in Ancient Arabic manuscripts through Damage Manuscripts Classification (DMC) Model; into two types, each type has spatial model. The first type is Fading Text Color (FTC) Model, and the second is Missing Part of Text (MPT) Model. For the first type, which is the Fading text color, it is done through (FTC) Model, where segmentation, contour strength and contour size algorithms were applied. As for the second type, we applied some segmentation algorithms to separate image of damaged manuscripts into foreground and background. Segmentation by thresholding applied on background to detect if there are missing in text to complete it based on database which we had prepared for this purpose including the handwritten Arabic fonts and the forms of letters in different styles such as Naskh , Reqaa,..etc. detection of style algorithm is also used to determine the style of missing text according to the same database , then digital restoration applied to the image. Applying Pre-processes on the used data yields good classifications’ results. The contribution of this work is the introduction of synthetic features that enhance the classification performance. For testing purposes, two famous books from the Islamic literature are used: 1) pages of the Ottoman Quran and 2) Some Quran verses in Naskh script . Manuscripts.","PeriodicalId":131968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132271052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}