{"title":"A Design of Secure Watermarking Scheme for Images in Spatial Domain","authors":"S. S. Bedi, S. Verma","doi":"10.1109/INDCON.2006.302767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2006.302767","url":null,"abstract":"Digital watermarking (DWM) technology has been proposed for the implementation of digital right management (DRM) system that can be used for establishing ownership right, ensuring authorized access and content authentication. The goal of this paper is to protect copyrights and content authentication of digital still images with the consideration of high level of robustness against changes made to invisible watermark contents in context to spatial domain. The proposed scheme combines the advantages of cryptographic concept and imperceptibility feature of digital image watermarking. The watermark is first generated based on hash function with the use of user key. Each bit of this new generated watermark is then encoded into respective blocks of 4times4 pixels of the original image, in raster scan order. The encoding is performed by modifying the average value of pixel intensity of each block with in a range specified by the contrast value for a given block. This reduces the effects of the modification as perceived by the human eyes. The experimental results show the robustness of scheme against common image processing operations. The results also demonstrate the location of modification as corresponding error in the extracted watermark","PeriodicalId":122715,"journal":{"name":"2006 Annual IEEE India Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134348686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Signal To Interference Ratio Based Fuzzy Logic Controlled Call Handover","authors":"P. Bhattacharya, P. Banerjee","doi":"10.1109/INDCON.2006.302785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2006.302785","url":null,"abstract":"To accommodate huge traffic load cellular communication systems often use sectorized antennas at the base station in urban area where the co-channel interference is reduced. But as the number of call handover increases the handover algorithm need to be modified so as to respond faster and efficiently. It should also take into consideration the mobile velocity to avoid undue call termination and unnecessary handover for high and low velocity mobiles respectively. In this paper, a signal to interference ratio based fuzzy logic controlled mobile velocity dependent call handover algorithm is proposed and studied which shows quick response and suggest handover at positions which avoid call termination for high velocity mobiles and early handover for low velocity mobiles and applicable under any cell size","PeriodicalId":122715,"journal":{"name":"2006 Annual IEEE India Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129229019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modelling of a Hybrid Protocol for a MANET using Fuzzy Petri Nets","authors":"P. V. Subramanyam, A. Chauhan, Y. Singh","doi":"10.1109/INDCON.2006.302845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2006.302845","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile ad hoc networks are formed by devices that can communicate with each other using a wireless physical medium without pre-existing infrastructure. Each node can function not only as end systems, but also as intermediate systems providing connectivity and data path to the other nodes. This can be realizable through designing of comprehensive and functional routing protocols. Petri net models allow compact representations of multiple interacting components and can describe the behaviour of several concurrent components modelled as tokens marking the structure. Fuzzy Petri nets implement fuzzy rule-based reasoning using proposition logic to model systems which have incomplete information about state and time. The present paper analyzes a hybrid routing protocol by calculating the level of firing among the nodes and comparing it with a threshold value for the nodes of the network. Finally, the simulation indicates enhanced performance and dynamically viable node movement","PeriodicalId":122715,"journal":{"name":"2006 Annual IEEE India Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133114340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Hybrid DWT-DCT based video coding","authors":"M. Ezhilarasan, P. Thambidurai","doi":"10.1109/INDCON.2006.302797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2006.302797","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a hybrid transformation based video coding technique, where the intraframe of video sequence are coded by discrete wavelet transform using Daubechies 4 filters and the interframes are coded with discrete cosine transform methods. It also proposes a new method for selection of sequence of frames predicted from the reference intra-frames. This proposal consistently minimizes the prediction error incurred in motion compensated prediction module of the video encoder processing. The experimental results show that the proposed transformation coding technique outperforms over conventional transformation coding technique in terms of encoding time and prediction errors","PeriodicalId":122715,"journal":{"name":"2006 Annual IEEE India Conference","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130493014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New method in sensation transferring trough internet","authors":"M. Hosseini, M. Atyabi","doi":"10.1109/INDCON.2006.302810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2006.302810","url":null,"abstract":"In human communication we see, smell, and touch things to understand the fact of them. We suggest a new way to touch things through the Internet and in a virtual world. We experience a new method of transferring sensation data through the Internet which can be applied widely in human communication. Tactation is the sensation perceived by the sense of touch. Tactation is based on the skin receptors. The skin nerves can be stimulated by mechanical, electrical or thermal stimuli. We conducted an initial study on tactile sensory characteristics of the fingers by applying electrotactile array stimulation. We performed experiments of threshold measurement, to evaluate the tactile sensitivity and spatial discriminating ability of the fingers, respectively. Three stimulator arrays of different sizes presented electrotactile patterns on the finger of person to measure the electrotactile performance in relation to stimulator size and spacing","PeriodicalId":122715,"journal":{"name":"2006 Annual IEEE India Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130516231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Access Point priority based Capacity Enhancement scheme for VoIP over WLAN","authors":"D. Hashmi, P. Kiran, B. Lall","doi":"10.1109/INDCON.2006.302853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2006.302853","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 802.11 standard is being widely used for providing wireless networking capability for a variety of applications. Though the standard has been developed primarily to provide data communication capability, it is becoming a popular tool for voice communications as well. The reasons for this interest are two fold; one is widespread availability of WLAN networks and the other is the low cost of making voice calls over this network. However, transmitting voice traffic over WLAN does not utilize the available bandwidth (BW) efficiently and this has spurred a lot of activity in the area of improving the voice call capacity. This paper proposes a scheme for increasing capacity by giving priority to the access point (AP)","PeriodicalId":122715,"journal":{"name":"2006 Annual IEEE India Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124645452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wavelet based ECG Compression with Large Zero Zone Quantizer","authors":"M. Sabarimalai Manikandan, S. Dandapat","doi":"10.1109/INDCON.2006.302821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2006.302821","url":null,"abstract":"A new threshold based Wavelet ECG data compression method is proposed. The proposed method uses linear phase Biorthogonal 9/7 discrete Wavelet transform. Wavelet coefficients are selected based on energy packing efficiency of each subband. Significant wavelet coefficients are quantized with uniform scalar zero zone quantizer (USZZQ). Significance map is created to store the indices of the significant coefficients and this map is encoded efficiently with less number of bits by applying Huffman coding on the differences between the indices. ECG records from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia and compression test database are selected as test data. For the record 117, the proposed method achieves a compression ratio of 17.641:1 with lower percentage root mean square difference (PRD) compared to other threshold based methods. An average compression ratio of 20.8231:1 with an average PRD of 7.1641% is achieved for 19 records. The performance is better compared to the SPIHT and ASEC method for some selected records","PeriodicalId":122715,"journal":{"name":"2006 Annual IEEE India Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124976930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performability Analysis of a Fault Tolerant Sectorized Cellular Network","authors":"S. Tokekar, N. Purohit","doi":"10.1109/INDCON.2006.302769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2006.302769","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of performability takes into accounts both availability and performance of a system. The issue of performability is very important for cellular networks due to its inherent characteristics like scarce of radio resources, high failure & outage rate and above all anytime, anywhere service expectation of the subscribers. In this work, first an algorithm is proposed for providing coverage to the users of failed cell/sector till it is repaired. The algorithm distributes the impact of a cell failure into whole network such that the fairness is maintained in the system despite the failure, thus it provides fault tolerance to the system. Then the performability of the cellular system is studied with the proposed algorithm","PeriodicalId":122715,"journal":{"name":"2006 Annual IEEE India Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125454337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Approach to GFP Frame Delineation","authors":"A. Gupta, D. Chadha","doi":"10.1109/INDCON.2006.302756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2006.302756","url":null,"abstract":"ITU-T Recommendation G.7041/Y.1303 defines Generic Framing Procedure (GFP). It also discusses about the implementation of multiple \"virtual framers\" for GFP frame delineation in an octet-aligned, variable-length GFP mapped data stream to improve the acquisition speed significantly. In this paper, we discuss a new approach to implement one such framer which performs computation of CRC16 over last 2 bytes and its comparison with next 2 bytes on a single clock cycle. With this approach, we become able to search for a possible GFP frame boundary on every clock cycle by the same piece of hardware and therefore we can achieve the same acquisition speed with comparatively lesser hardware then the methods which takes more then one clock cycle to perform this CRC16 calculation","PeriodicalId":122715,"journal":{"name":"2006 Annual IEEE India Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125101044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of Discrete-time Fractional Brownian motion","authors":"A. Gupta, S. Joshi","doi":"10.1109/INDCON.2006.302748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2006.302748","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the characterization of the discrete-time fractional Brownian motion (dfBm). Since, these processes are non-stationary; the auto-covariance matrix is a function of time. It is observed that the eigenvalues of the auto-covariance matrix of a dfBm are dependent on the Hurst exponent characterizing this process. Only one eigenvalue of this auto-covariance matrix depends on time index n and it increases as the time index of the auto-covariance matrix increases. All other eigenvalues are observed to be invariant with time index n in an asymptotic sense. The eigenvectors associated with these eigenvalues also have a fixed structure and represent different frequency channels. The eigenvector associated with the time-varying eigenvalue is a low pass filter","PeriodicalId":122715,"journal":{"name":"2006 Annual IEEE India Conference","volume":"23 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120896087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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