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Controlling the Functional Testing of an Operating System 控制操作系统的功能测试
IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern. Pub Date : 1969-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TSSC.1969.300221
W. R. Elmendorf
{"title":"Controlling the Functional Testing of an Operating System","authors":"W. R. Elmendorf","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1969.300221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1969.300221","url":null,"abstract":"Functional testing of operating systems is in transition from a predominantly imprecise art to an increasingly precise science. The process that controls this testing is maturing correspondingly. The laissez-faire approach is giving way to a disciplined approach characterized by rigorous definition of the test plan, systematic control of the test effort, and objective quantitative measurement of the test coverage. This paper describes just such a disciplined test control process, which is composed of five steps: 1) the survey, which establishes the intended extent of testing; 2) the identification, which creates a list of functional variations eligible for testing; 3) the appraisal, which ranks and subsets the eligible variations so that test resources can be directed at those with the higher payoff; 4) the review, which calculates the test coverage of the test case library; and 5) the monitor, which verifies attainment of the planned test coverage. Throughout the test process, specification testing is distinguished from program testing.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116342620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Asymptotic Approach to Traffic Dynamics 交通动力学的渐近方法
IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern. Pub Date : 1969-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TSSC.1969.300229
R. Cosgriff
{"title":"The Asymptotic Approach to Traffic Dynamics","authors":"R. Cosgriff","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1969.300229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1969.300229","url":null,"abstract":"The asymptotic model of traffic dynamics presented is simple to employ and yields solutions that can be interpreted in terms of a continuous flow process. Although the asymptotic model is an approximation and has not been fully developed, the results that are now available are of such significance that one must question the feasibility of the determination of parameters for the various models by data collected on the open road. All linear models, regardless of complexity, will yield solutions that approach this asymptotic representation, and this model has only two constants. Whatever the ultimate significance of this asymptotic model, the simplicity of its use as a tool in the study of traffic dynamics justifies the further development of this approach.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133966358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Systems Engineering in the Glass Industry 玻璃工业系统工程
IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern. Pub Date : 1969-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TSSC.1969.300223
R. J. Mouly
{"title":"Systems Engineering in the Glass Industry","authors":"R. J. Mouly","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1969.300223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1969.300223","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of current trends of systems engineering in the glass industry is presented. The central theme is that systems engineering is the technique through which the process of our time?the information revolution exemplified by the digital computer?is exerting its impact on the industry. Systems engineering is examined and basic concepts reviewed, and the production system is defined as a pyramidal, hierarchical structure. Process models which have been developed primarily for control purposes are reviewed; examples of theoretically or experimentally developed models are given. In computer control applications, a major trend is seen toward extensive integrated real-time information-processing systems consisting of several computers connected through a communication network. The development of the human components in the production system, particularly management structure, is considered as an essential aspect of the overall system development.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"435 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126113403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
A Minimum Variance, Time Optimal, Control System Model of Human Lens Accommodation 人体镜头调节最小方差、时间最优控制系统模型
IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern. Pub Date : 1969-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TSSC.1969.300222
W. D. O'Neill, C. Sanathanan, J. Brodkey
{"title":"A Minimum Variance, Time Optimal, Control System Model of Human Lens Accommodation","authors":"W. D. O'Neill, C. Sanathanan, J. Brodkey","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1969.300222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1969.300222","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental data relating ciliary nerve stimulation and lens motion are used to identify the open-loop plant dynamics of the lens accommodation system via a parameter identication variation of the Kalman filter equations. Using the resultant minimum variance plant model, experimental closed-loop responses of the human accommodative system are predicted by synthesizing the system closed-loop controller. The resultant control signals are shown to minimize the time required to change the refractive state of the eye. The plant dynamic model and the closed-loop model are further verified by comparing their frequency responses to experimental data. The optimal performance of the lens system is compared to analogous performance of another ocular control system, and a possible general theory of optimal control is discussed.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129334269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Feature Extraction on Binary Patterns 二值模式的特征提取
IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern. Pub Date : 1969-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TSSC.1969.300219
G. Nagy
{"title":"Feature Extraction on Binary Patterns","authors":"G. Nagy","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1969.300219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1969.300219","url":null,"abstract":"The objects and methods of automatic feature extraction on binary patterns are briefly reviewed. An intuitive interpretation for geometric features is suggested whereby such a feature is conceived of as a cluster of component vectors in pattern space. A modified version of the Isodata or K-means clustering algorithm is applied to a set of patterns originally proposed by Block, Nilsson, and Duda, and to another artificial alphabet. Results are given in terms of a figure-of-merit which measures the deviation between the original patterns and the patterns reconstructed from the automatically derived feature set.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123012128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Decision Processes in the Adaptive Behavior of Human Controllers 人类控制器自适应行为中的决策过程
IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern. Pub Date : 1969-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TSSC.1969.300227
A. Phatak, G. Bekey
{"title":"Decision Processes in the Adaptive Behavior of Human Controllers","authors":"A. Phatak, G. Bekey","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1969.300227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1969.300227","url":null,"abstract":"A decision algorithm which simulates the rapid adaptive behavior of human controllers following sudden changes in plant dynamics is developed. The control of a VTOL aircraft in hover following failure of the stability augmentation system is used as a specific example. The decision algorithm is based on the assumption that the human controller recognizes certain pattern features in the error/error-rate phase plane. Experimental data, obtained from pilots facing four possible alternatives following the time of failure, are presented. The proposed decision algorithm is developed, and digital simulation results are discussed. A theoretical justification for the algorithm, based on statistical decision theory, is presented in the Appendix.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121066037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
On Playing Two-Person Zero-Sum Games against Nonminimax Players 关于对非极大极小玩家进行两人零和博弈
IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern. Pub Date : 1969-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TSSC.1969.300230
G. Burgin
{"title":"On Playing Two-Person Zero-Sum Games against Nonminimax Players","authors":"G. Burgin","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1969.300230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1969.300230","url":null,"abstract":"Results on a practical method for exploiting weakness in the play of an opponent in two-person zero-sum games are reported. Finite-state machines obtained by an evolutionary process are used to determine the move against a nonminimax opponent and achieve average payoffs significantly better than the value of the game.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"24 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116783182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Visual Feature Extraction by a Multilayered Network of Analog Threshold Elements 基于模拟阈值元素多层网络的视觉特征提取
IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern. Pub Date : 1969-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TSSC.1969.300225
K. Fukushima
{"title":"Visual Feature Extraction by a Multilayered Network of Analog Threshold Elements","authors":"K. Fukushima","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1969.300225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1969.300225","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of visual feature extracting network has been synthesized, and the response of the network has been simulated on a digital computer. This research has been done as a first step towards the realization of a recognizer of handwritten characters. The design of the network was suggested by biological systems, especially, the visual systems of cat and monkey. The network is composed of analog threshold elements connected in layers. Each analog threshold element receives inputs from a large number of elements in the neighbouring layers and performs its own special functions. It takes care of one restricted part of the photoreceptor layer, on which an input pattem is presented, and it responds to one particular feature of the input pattem, such as brightness contrast, a dot in the pattern, a line segment of a particular orientation, or an end of the line. This means that the network performs parallel processing of the information. With the propagation of the information through the layered network, the input pattern is successively decomposed into dots, groups of line segments of the same orientation, and the ends of these line segments.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129409385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 124
The Information Transfer Required in Regulatory Processes 监管过程中需要的信息传递
IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern. Pub Date : 1969-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TSSC.1969.300226
R. Conant
{"title":"The Information Transfer Required in Regulatory Processes","authors":"R. Conant","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1969.300226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1969.300226","url":null,"abstract":"Several fundamental relations between regulation and informational quantities are given. These show that regulation is a phenomenon closely tied to the transinformation between the regulator and the system which might be called its opponent. Two basic types of regulators are distinguished. The first, error-controlled regulators, are shown to be essentially coding devices which operate by taking advantage of constraints in the input sequence. The second, cause-controlled regulators, are shown to be free of some limitations inherent in error-controlled regulators. The importance of the regulator's channel capacity in cause-controlled regulation is established.","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122005705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
Comments on "A stochastic automaton model for the synthesis of learning systems" 对“学习系统综合的随机自动机模型”的评论
IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern. Pub Date : 1969-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/TSSC.1969.300231
H. Yeh
{"title":"Comments on \"A stochastic automaton model for the synthesis of learning systems\"","authors":"H. Yeh","doi":"10.1109/TSSC.1969.300231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSC.1969.300231","url":null,"abstract":"This correspondenice attempts to point out the invalidity of a convergesnce property asserted by R.W. McLaren (ibid., vol. SSC-2, pp. 109-114, December 1966) for a stochastic automaton model for learning systems. The error results from ani erronieous derivation of eq. (18) from eq. (17).","PeriodicalId":120916,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybern.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130385402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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