{"title":"Expert system development methodology and management","authors":"L. Hull, P. Kay","doi":"10.1109/DMESP.1991.171767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMESP.1991.171767","url":null,"abstract":"A risk-based expert system development methodology has been developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to provide guidance to project managers and technical personnel and to serve as a standard for developing expert systems. Concerns expressed by managers of expert system development projects are discussed. A description is given of the expert system life cycle and the risk-based expert system development methodology. Features of this methodology that address specific managerial concerns are reviewed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117336,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122366542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reasoning with uncertainty in the knowledge engineering environment (KEE)","authors":"R. Felix","doi":"10.1109/DMESP.1991.171721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMESP.1991.171721","url":null,"abstract":"FUZZY, a component for reasoning with uncertainty, is presented. FUZZY is an extension of the knowledge engineering environment (KEE) and provides the ability to reason with uncertainty within it. Through an appropriate rule syntax and semantics, FUZZY is fully integrated into the concept of the forward chaining engine of KEE. Thus, fuzzy facts and fuzzy rules can be easily combined. FUZZY reflects the necessity of representing uncertain knowledge and reasoning with it. FUZZY has already been successfully applied both in the synthesis and in the diagnosis domain and is a promising approach for knowledge engineering tools.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117336,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127003092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing knowledge acquisition from multiple experts","authors":"E. Turban","doi":"10.1109/DMESP.1991.171724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMESP.1991.171724","url":null,"abstract":"A discussion is presented of various issues regarding knowledge acquisition from multiple experts as well as methods for improving the process. Of special interest is the computerized support to the process and the implementation of the blackboard approach. The need and benefits of using multiple experts, the difficulties involved, and the availability of methods and tools in various stages of knowledge acquisition and the blackboard technology are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117336,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129812536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applications of object-oriented approaches to expert systems in the earth sciences","authors":"B.L. Duff, C. K. Carlson","doi":"10.1109/DMESP.1991.171733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMESP.1991.171733","url":null,"abstract":"Combining object and rule processing in knowledge-based systems provides a firm foundation for addressing more complex problems, such as planning, scheduling, resource allocation, and configuration. The features of object-oriented analysis, design, and knowledge representation advantageous to current expert system applications are abstraction, encapsulation, and hierarchy. Examples of object-oriented expert systems in the earth sciences at the US Geological Survey are a knowledge-based geographic information system (GIS), an integrated GIS and expert system, an enhanced digital line graph (DLG-E) extraction advisor, and a sedimentary basin analysis system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117336,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134178246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expert systems capital budgeting","authors":"J. Griesser","doi":"10.1109/DMESP.1991.171725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMESP.1991.171725","url":null,"abstract":"The capital budgeting effects and cost justification of a high-technology innovation (expert system technology) are discussed from a managerial perspective. Budgeting strategies are reviewed as they relate to funding and support for high-technology innovations. The Defense Finance and Accounting Service-Cleveland Center (DFAS-CL) Expert System Program is reviewed from the points of view of average rate of return, payback, internal rate of return (IRR), modified internal rate of return (MIRR), accounting rate of return (ARR) and net present value (NPV) using the recently developed expert system 'COSTER'.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117336,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116172448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"About temporal uncertainty","authors":"Zhi Chen, F. Terrier","doi":"10.1109/DMESP.1991.171772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMESP.1991.171772","url":null,"abstract":"A fuzzy-logic-based approach dealing with temporal uncertainty is presented. Both imprecision of temporal measurements and uncertain temporal knowledge are taken into consideration. Various causes of temporal uncertainty or fuzziness are discussed. On the basis of fuzzy set and possibility theory, each temporal uncertainty is represented in terms of possibility distributions. Definitions of temporal relations between two fuzzy temporal elements are proposed, and a computational model for combining different uncertainty bodies is described in order to compute the fulfilment degree of a generalized propositional statement under uncertainty. Fuzzy temporal constraint propagation is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117336,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116192217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On developing an expert system for sintering process in iron and steel industry","authors":"A. A. Fahmy, A. Rashad","doi":"10.1109/DMESP.1991.171711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMESP.1991.171711","url":null,"abstract":"An expert system for the sintering process in an iron and steel company in Egypt is under development. The objective of this work is to introduce the prototype implementation project of this system. The authors focus on the nature of the sintering knowledge, the proposed knowledge structuring, and the knowledge representation formalism. They also discuss the various prototype levels of implementation and illustrate the practical development of the structural and diagnosis levels of the expert system prototype.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117336,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129476922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An integrated Knowledge Engineering Workbench","authors":"F. Ramparany, M. Aben, L. Solorzano","doi":"10.1109/DMESP.1991.171739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMESP.1991.171739","url":null,"abstract":"A description of the Knowledge Engineering Workbench (KEW) developed within the ACKnowledge project is presented. KEW supports the knowledge engineer in all phases of knowledge-base systems development, from knowledge elicitation to knowledge-base validation. Compared to other computerized knowledge engineering environments, KEW integrates a full range of complementary knowledge acquisition tools. The KEW architecture allows those tools to be combined in a synergetic way and to support the knowledge engineering process at a fine-grain level. An example of using KEW to develop a telecommunication network diagnostic system is provided to illustrate its functionalities.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117336,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133045221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating expert systems using a multiple-criteria, multiple-stakeholder approach","authors":"D. Conrath, R. Sharma","doi":"10.1109/DMESP.1991.171731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMESP.1991.171731","url":null,"abstract":"Test results of an approach to evaluating the quality of expert systems are presented. The solution proposed is a multiple-criteria- and multiple-stakeholder-based subjective assessment technique. Its validity was established by conducting field tests with operational expert systems at 19 sites in the North American insurance industry. The results indicate that such a socio-technical approach to evaluating expert systems is a promising alternative to current ad hoc and anecdotal practices. It is the long-term goal of such a line of investigation to produce a diagnostic tool that would serve to support feedback in the knowledge engineering life cycle.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117336,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132402250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From prototype to production: expanding expert systems project management planning","authors":"L. Johnson, A. Hoback","doi":"10.1109/DMESP.1991.171773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMESP.1991.171773","url":null,"abstract":"The difficulty in production fielding of successful expert system prototypes is discussed. The problem is presented in terms of a microeconomic perspective in which costs are identified as level of effort rather than actual dollar amounts. A discussion is also presented of three worksheets that cover the areas of functional integration, technical integration, and stakeholder analysis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117336,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114267725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}