2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)最新文献_第3页

Towards Enabling Deletion in Append-Only Blockchains to Support Data Growth Management and GDPR Compliance 实现仅添加区块链中的删除功能，以支持数据增长管理和GDPR合规性

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00057

M. Kuperberg

{"title":"Towards Enabling Deletion in Append-Only Blockchains to Support Data Growth Management and GDPR Compliance","authors":"M. Kuperberg","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00057","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional blockchain implementations with append-only semantics do not support deleting or overwriting data in confirmed blocks. However, many industry-relevant use cases require the ability to delete data, especially when personally identifiable information is stored or when data growth has to be constrained. Existing attempts to reconcile these contradictions compromise on core qualities of the blockchain paradigm, as they include backdoor-like approaches such as central authorities with elevated rights or usage of specialized chameleon hash algorithms in chaining of the blocks. The contribution of this paper is a novel architecture for the blockchain ledger and consensus, which uses a tree of context chains with simultaneous validity. A context chain captures the transactions of a closed group of entities and persons, thus structuring blocks in a precisely defined way. The resulting context isolation enables consensus-steered deletion of an entire context without side effects to other contexts. We show how this architecture supports truncation, data rollover and separation of concerns, how the GDPR regulations can be fulfilled by this architecture and how it differs from sidechains and state channels.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114504610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Enabling Privacy and Traceability in Supply Chains using Blockchain and Zero Knowledge Proofs 使用区块链和零知识证明在供应链中实现隐私和可追溯性

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00024

Shubham Sahai, N. Singh, Pankaj Dayama

{"title":"Enabling Privacy and Traceability in Supply Chains using Blockchain and Zero Knowledge Proofs","authors":"Shubham Sahai, N. Singh, Pankaj Dayama","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00024","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years there have been increased efforts to make supply chains transparent and traceable to better protect the end consumer’s interests against counterfeiting, contamination, false claims, and inadequate processes. The actors in the supply chain can also leverage additional visibility to proactively tune their operations in response to upstream or downstream disruptions. Blockchain technology, with its promise of immutability, transparency, and provenance is a natural fit to supply chain problems. Several works have discussed the improved design of supply chains leveraging blockchain technology. There have been attempts to address some of the privacy concerns of participants on the blockchain network by using encryption schemes to hide confidential data and group signatures to hide the participant identities. But these do not handle the complexities of the supply chain, where items are constantly packaged, repackaged, and transformed before reaching the end consumer. Our work presents a blockchain-based model for the supply chain that provides privacy and traceability with efficient contamination tracing while accounting for the aforementioned complexities of the supply chain operations. The last property enables an end consumer to be convinced about a product to be unaffected by identified faulty upstream processes (contamination) without access to the entire history of the product. Our solution makes novel use of cryptographic tools such as zero-knowledge proofs and cryptographic accumulators to provide these guarantees. The choice of the cryptographic components is grounded in concrete efficiency, and we present an experimental evaluation of the implementation of our protocol on Hyperledger Fabric, a popular platform for enterprise blockchains.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124958082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Message from the Blockchain 2020 Program Chairs 来自区块链2020项目主席的信息

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00007

L. Yang, Xueqin Liang

引用次数: 0

A Quality of Service Compliance System Empowered by Smart Contracts and Oracles 一个由智能合约和oracle授权的服务质量合规系统

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00077

João Paulo de Brito Gonçalves, Roberta Lima-Gomes, R. Villaça, Esteban Municio, J. Márquez-Barja

{"title":"A Quality of Service Compliance System Empowered by Smart Contracts and Oracles","authors":"João Paulo de Brito Gonçalves, Roberta Lima-Gomes, R. Villaça, Esteban Municio, J. Márquez-Barja","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00077","url":null,"abstract":"Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are used in contracts between two parts, which can be, as an example, between service providers or between customers and service providers. SLA clauses represent key aspects in the relationship between them. In order to enforce service reliability and SLA compliance, a continuous monitoring of Quality of Service metrics is required. Since policy breach is usually subject to expensive penalties, using external entities acting as trustful references is a common practice in order to avoid frequent legal disputes, external entities are usually required to verify it. However, coordination between different actors to agree in one transaction is difficult, because it can open up possibilities for multiple fraud attempts. We argue that this can be done more efficiently using Smart Contracts, programs that are executed in a blockchain. Such data is stored in a distributed structure without the need of an external entity to ensure data integrity and reliability. Smart contracts can also makes easy the charging or possibly compensating SLA violations. In this paper we propose a solution empowered by smart contracts in order to simplify, and to automate the process of SLA validation, i.e, verify if the contract is being respected. We perform some experiments and evaluate a proof of concept using data from a real network infrastructure in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"80 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129841360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

An Analysis of Routing Attacks Against IOTA Cryptocurrency 针对IOTA加密货币的路由攻击分析

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00075

Pericle Perazzo, Antonio Arena, G. Dini

{"title":"An Analysis of Routing Attacks Against IOTA Cryptocurrency","authors":"Pericle Perazzo, Antonio Arena, G. Dini","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00075","url":null,"abstract":"IOTA is a new type of distributed ledger designed for allowing fee-less and rate-scalable micropayments in Internet of Things applications. Security research on IOTA has focused mainly on attacks involving its cryptographic operations or its consensus algorithm. In this paper, we present a preliminary analysis of the IOTA security with respect to malicious Autonomous Systems (ASes), which can intercept IOTA connections by manipulating routing advertisements (BGP hijacking) or by naturally intercepting traffic. We make the simplifying assumption that the malicious AS can intercept routes between hosts without causing side effects, or without these side effects being noticed by the intercepted hosts. We identify three notable attacks that can lead to permanent money freeze, and to local or global interruptions of the consensus mechanisms. We then analyze the vulnerability of IOTA against malicious ASes on the real Internet topology, and we show that IOTA cryptocurrency is, at the time of writing, pretty susceptible of these attacks because quite centralized from the point of view of BGP routing. We then study the routing-level security of the next version of IOTA (post-coordicide), which has been proposed by the IOTA Foundations to make the cryptocurrency fully distributed.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"11 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133076605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Variance: Secure Two-Party Protocol for Efficient Asset Comparison in Bitcoin 方差:用于比特币有效资产比较的安全两方协议

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00016

Joshua Holmes, Gaby G. Dagher

{"title":"Variance: Secure Two-Party Protocol for Efficient Asset Comparison in Bitcoin","authors":"Joshua Holmes, Gaby G. Dagher","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00016","url":null,"abstract":"Secure multiparty protocols are useful tools for parties wishing to jointly compute a function while keeping their input data secret. The millionaires’ problem is the first secure two-party computation problem, where the goal is to securely compare two private numbers without a trusted third-party. There have been several solutions to the problem; however, these solutions are either insecure in the malicious model or cannot verify the validity of inputs. In this paper, we introduce Variance, a privacy-preserving two-party protocol for solving Yao’s millionaires’ problem in a Bitcoin setting, in which each party controls several Bitcoin accounts (single and multi signature addresses) and they want to find out who owns more bitcoins without revealing (1) how many accounts they own or the addresses associated with their accounts, (2) the balance of any of their accounts, and (3) their total wealth of bitcoins while assuring the other party that they are not claiming more bitcoin than they possess. We utilize zero knowledge proofs to provide a solution to the problem, and subsequently prove that Variance is secure against active adversaries in the malicious model.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114444362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detecting Blockchain Security Threats 检测区块链安全威胁

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00046

B. Putz, G. Pernul

引用次数: 15

Securing Emission Data of Smart Vehicles with Blockchain and Self-Sovereign Identities 利用区块链和自我主权身份保护智能汽车的排放数据

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00067

Sofia Terzi, C. Kouzinopoulos, K. Votis, D. Tzovaras, I. Stamelos

{"title":"Securing Emission Data of Smart Vehicles with Blockchain and Self-Sovereign Identities","authors":"Sofia Terzi, C. Kouzinopoulos, K. Votis, D. Tzovaras, I. Stamelos","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00067","url":null,"abstract":"Modern Internet of Things (IoT) networks including vehicle networks face an increased demand for security and access control with respect to privacy for sensitive data. Data manipulation and tampering of emissions values due to the economic incentives and environmental and health issues require a tamper-proof solution with the use of blockchain (BC) where the integrity of data is ensured. In this paper, we propose the integration of a public permissioned Self-Sovereign Identities (SSI) framework with a permissioned consortium BC based architecture. This innovatively supports the decentralization of the authentication and authorization processes to overcome the single point of failure problems and the use of SSI to assign identities to IoT devices. Additionally, it gives full control to the holders for their identities, whether they are humans, organizations or smart vehicles. With the practice of advanced zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) cryptographic techniques, the exposure of sensitive and private information is minimized to the absolute necessary and gains in performance and scalability are achieved. Furthermore, the way this ecosystem of technologies is combined guarantees a trusted environment for enabling and automating vehicles’ emissions certification according to emissions standards and regulations. Detailed descriptions of the processes required to integrate Hyperledger Indy (HLI) SSIs to authenticate and authorize entities on a Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) network are being quoted.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128534403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Blockchain and off-chain: A Solution for Audit Issues in Supply Chain Systems 区块链和脱链:供应链系统审计问题的解决方案

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00023

Juan Carlos López Pimentel, Omar G. Rojas, R. Monroy

引用次数: 10

Local Pooling of Connected Supernodes in Lightning Networks for Blockchains 区块链闪电网络中连接超级节点的本地池化

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00061

Jie Wu, Suhan Jiang

{"title":"Local Pooling of Connected Supernodes in Lightning Networks for Blockchains","authors":"Jie Wu, Suhan Jiang","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00061","url":null,"abstract":"The lightning network (LN) is a special network in Bitcoin that uses offchain micropayment channels to scale the blockchain’s capability to perform instant transactions without a global block confirmation process. However, micropayment scalability in a large LN and liquidation for small nodes still remain major challenges for the LN. In this paper, we introduce the notion of supernodes and the corresponding supernodes-based pooling to address these challenges. In order to meet the high adaptivity and low maintenance cost in the dynamic LN where users join and leave, supernodes are constructed locally without any global information or label propagation. Each supernode, together with a subset of (non-supernodes) neighbors, forms a supernode-based pool. These pools constitute a partition of the LN. Additionally, supernodes are self-connected. Micro-payment scalability is supported through node set reduction as only supernodes are involved in searching and in payment with other supernodes. Liquidation is enhanced through pooling to redistribute funds within a pool to external channels of its supernode. Extensive simulations have been conducted to validate the improvement in routing scalability and liquidation of the proposed architecture under different settings.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"72 5 Pt 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125316929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5