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Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research最新文献

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The Fate of Chlorpyrifos on Tobacco during Smoking 毒死蜱在吸烟过程中对烟草的影响
Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/CTTR-2013-0614
N. Chopra, Thelma H. Zuniga
{"title":"The Fate of Chlorpyrifos on Tobacco during Smoking","authors":"N. Chopra, Thelma H. Zuniga","doi":"10.2478/CTTR-2013-0614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CTTR-2013-0614","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cigarettes made from flue-cured tobacco, treated with different amounts of chlorpyrifos, were smoked according to Federal Trade Commission specifications, and the chlorpyrifos levels in the butts, various ashes, and mainstream and sidestream smokes were determined. Of all the chlorpyrifos in a cigarette, 28 % to 29.5 % was left in the butts, 13.5 % to 15 % and 2.0 % to 4.6 % were transferred into mainstream and sidestream smokes, respectively, and about 52 % to 55 % was either combusted or decomposed into unknown fragments. The various ashes did not show any detectable amount of chlorpyrifos.","PeriodicalId":10723,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"387 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83638694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Study of Chemical Deliveries as a Function of Cigarette Butt Length 烟头长度对化学物质释放量的影响研究
Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research Pub Date : 1981-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/CTTR-2013-0501
J. Young, J. Robinson, W. Rickert
{"title":"A Study of Chemical Deliveries as a Function of Cigarette Butt Length","authors":"J. Young, J. Robinson, W. Rickert","doi":"10.2478/CTTR-2013-0501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CTTR-2013-0501","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It should be emphasized that the major conclusion of this paper is not that any particular parameter is linear on any particular scale, but that there are highly significant differences in slope, intercept and perhaps even linearity between brand groups and even brands within groups. In fact, although several brands do seem to be adequately linear on either arithmetic or logarithmic scales they very clearly do behave differently from each other. There is also quite strong evidence that condensate and nicotine are not linear on the same scale, with condensate being approximately linear on the logarithmic scale and nicotine approximately linear on the arithmetic scale. On the basis of the above it is quite clear that the ranking of brands on the basis of measured value of any parameter will depend strongly on the butt length at which the parameter was measured. It is therefore apparent that international comparison of deliveries requires redetermination of deliveries at the new butt length standard rather than mathematical manipulation using a single functional relationship. The form of a suitable functional relationship for HCN cannot be ascertained from the present study and will require additional experimentation. The statistical design and analysis proved worthwhile in model discrimination for the other three parameters.","PeriodicalId":10723,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research","volume":"112 1","pages":"87 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85389515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Kinetics of Oxidation of Tobacco Char 烟草焦氧化动力学
Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research Pub Date : 1981-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/CTTR-2013-0500
M. Muramatsu, S. Umemura
{"title":"Kinetics of Oxidation of Tobacco Char","authors":"M. Muramatsu, S. Umemura","doi":"10.2478/CTTR-2013-0500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CTTR-2013-0500","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, thermal analyses (thermogravimetry, TG: derivative thermogravimetry, DTG: differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) of the tobacco char left after pyrolysis of tobacco shreds were carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere containing given amounts of oxygen under a linear heating or an isothermal condition. The principal object of the present work is to obtain apparent kinetic parameters useful in predicting the overall rate of the tobacco char - oxygen reaction. The TG-DTG-DSC curves obtained under linear heating conditions showed that the oxidation process of the tobacco char apparently consisted of two main steps ( I and II), which were independent of each other. Assuming that a uniform reaction model based on reaction rate - determined processes could be applied to the tobacco char - oxygen reactions in both steps, the oxidation rates for both steps were determined. The results showed that the oxidation rates of both steps could be expressed as: The values of activation energies, E, and pre-exponential factors, Z, for the oxidation reactions in steps I and II were found to be 19-21, 33-40 kcal/mol and 5.9 × 105-5.7x 106, 5.5 × 109 4.5 × 1011/ min atm1/2, respectively. Nomenclature As reactant (solid phase, tobacco char) E activation energy [kcal mol-1, 1 cal = 4.184 J] po2,∞ ambient oxygen partial pressure [atm, 1 atm = 1.013 × 105 Pa] R gas constant [ 1.98 cal mol-1 K-1] T temperature [K] t time [min] W weight loss of tobacco char up to time, t, or temperature, T [mg] Wc weight loss of tobacco char at completion of reaction [mg] Z pre-exponential factor [min-1 atm-m] a fraction of As decomposed at time, t, defined by a = W/Wc","PeriodicalId":10723,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"79 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91325681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Mass Spectra of Tobacco Alkaloid - Derived Nitrosamines, their Metabolites, and Related Compounds 烟草生物碱衍生亚硝胺及其代谢物及相关化合物的质谱分析
Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research Pub Date : 1981-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/CTTR-2013-0498
S. Hecht, Chi‐hong B. Chen, R. Young, D. Hoffmann
{"title":"Mass Spectra of Tobacco Alkaloid - Derived Nitrosamines, their Metabolites, and Related Compounds","authors":"S. Hecht, Chi‐hong B. Chen, R. Young, D. Hoffmann","doi":"10.2478/CTTR-2013-0498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CTTR-2013-0498","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mass spectra of the tobacco alkaloid - derived nitrosamines NNN, NNK, NNA, NAB and NAtB and of known mammalian metabolites of NNN and NNK are presented. Mass spectra of synthetic derivatives related to these nitrosamines and their metabolites are also included. These spectra will be useful in studies on the occurrence and metabolism of the tobacco alkaloid - derived nitrosamines and in investigations of other compounds related to the tobacco alkaloids.","PeriodicalId":10723,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"57 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87929096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
The Effect of Water Supply on the Growth of lzmir, Palotina and Amarelinho Tobaccos 水分供给对伊兹米尔、巴洛蒂娜和阿玛雷尼荷烟草生长的影响
Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research Pub Date : 1981-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/CTTR-2013-0503
R. Comber
{"title":"The Effect of Water Supply on the Growth of lzmir, Palotina and Amarelinho Tobaccos","authors":"R. Comber","doi":"10.2478/CTTR-2013-0503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CTTR-2013-0503","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Oriental tobacco variety Izmir has been grown in sand culture in a greenhouse under various degrees of water stress. Plants given 400 cm3 of water (or nutrient solution) twice a week produced leaves of approximately the same size as field-grown Izmir tobacco, but they were somewhat taller. Plants given 25 cm3 or less of water twice a week died, and those given more than 400 cm3 of water twice a week grew larger than field-grown Izmir tobacco. At 49 days after transplanting, the total leaf area per plant was approximately proportional to the amount of water supplied, at least in the range 100-1600 cm3. In a second water stress experiment, the growth patterns of the varieties Amarelinho and Palotina, which are not normally grown in conditions of water stress, were found to be different from that of Izmir. Izmir was more tolerant of water stress than the other two varieties, in that complete (but small) plants developed in a shorter time.","PeriodicalId":10723,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"99 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80607788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isolation and ldentification of Aza-Arenes of Tobacco Smoke 烟草烟雾中aza -芳烃的分离与鉴定
Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research Pub Date : 1981-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/CTTR-2013-0499
M. Snook, P. Fortson, O. Chortyk
{"title":"Isolation and ldentification of Aza-Arenes of Tobacco Smoke","authors":"M. Snook, P. Fortson, O. Chortyk","doi":"10.2478/CTTR-2013-0499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CTTR-2013-0499","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The nitrogen analogues of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (aza-arenes) were isolated and identified in a basic fraction of cigarette smoke condensate. Silicic acid chromatography removed the predominant nicotine alkaloids, while gel chromatography on Bio-Beads S-X12 in benzene effectively separated the aza-arenes from interfering aliphatic compounds. In addition, the gel columns separated the aza-arenes by ring number and degree of alkylation on the basis of an adsorption-type mechanism. These gel characteristics facilitated the identifications of a large number of isomeric aza-arenes. Compounds identified included 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine and 2-phenylpyridine as well as quinoline, isoquinoline, 4-azafluorene, benzoquinolines, benzoisoquinolines, 1-azafluoranthene, 7-azafluoranthene, 4-aza-pyrene, 7- azaindole, pyrroloquinoline and their mono-, di- and trimethyl derivatives. All eight possible isomers of benzoquinoline and benzoisoquinoline were found, four of which are being reported for the first time. Evidence was also found for the probable presence of 5,6-benzo-7-azaindole.","PeriodicalId":10723,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"67 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76416866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Influence of Genotype and Environment on the Diterpenes in the Wax Layer of Some Flue-cured Tobaccos/Einfluss von Genotyp und Umwelt auf die Diterpene in der Wachsschicht einiger „flue-cured“–Tabake 基因型和环境对部分烤烟蜡层二萜含量的影响/基因型和环境对烤烟蜡层二萜含量的影响
Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research Pub Date : 1981-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/CTTR-2013-0504
V. Heemann, U. Brümmer, G. Spremberg, F. Seehofer
{"title":"Influence of Genotype and Environment on the Diterpenes in the Wax Layer of Some Flue-cured Tobaccos/Einfluss von Genotyp und Umwelt auf die Diterpene in der Wachsschicht einiger „flue-cured“–Tabake","authors":"V. Heemann, U. Brümmer, G. Spremberg, F. Seehofer","doi":"10.2478/CTTR-2013-0504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CTTR-2013-0504","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The composition of the wax layer of some flue-cured tobaccos that were grown under the same conditions in the U. S. A., Brazil and Germany was examined by means of GC and GC/MS. The total amount of wax layer (referring to fresh weight) is significantly influenced neither by the genotype nor by environmental factors. The content of diterpenes, on the other hand, is controlled both genetically and by environmental factors, as it was possible to show taking a- and b-4,8,13-duvatrien-1,3-diol and 4,8,13-duvatrien-1-ol. The concentration of compounds such as norsolandion and nicotine appears to be affected to a great extent or exclusively by environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":10723,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"107 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75018149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Apparatus for the Determination of the Burning Velocity of Cigarette Paper 卷烟纸燃烧速度测定仪
Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research Pub Date : 1981-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/CTTR-2013-0502
H. Corbet, D. Schurer
{"title":"Apparatus for the Determination of the Burning Velocity of Cigarette Paper","authors":"H. Corbet, D. Schurer","doi":"10.2478/CTTR-2013-0502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CTTR-2013-0502","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The construction and functioning of an apparatus to determine the burning time of cigarette paper is described. The apparatus makes it possible to rapidly and accurately determine the burning time and burning velocity of cigarette paper.","PeriodicalId":10723,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"96 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75965186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Analysis of Volatile Pyrolytic Products of Tobacco Constituents: Stearic Acid Pyrolysis 烟草成分挥发性热解产物的分析:硬脂酸热解
Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research Pub Date : 1975-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/CTTR-2013-0370
A. F. Haeberer, O. Chortyk
{"title":"Analysis of Volatile Pyrolytic Products of Tobacco Constituents: Stearic Acid Pyrolysis","authors":"A. F. Haeberer, O. Chortyk","doi":"10.2478/CTTR-2013-0370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CTTR-2013-0370","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A procedure has been developed to collect, transfer, and analyse volatile organic pyrolysis products of tobacco leaf compounds. The volatiles were collected in a series of three traps on adsorbents that also served as substrates for transfer and for introduction of the volatiles into a gas chromatograph. Analytical procedures are described for three gas chromatographic columns packed, respectively, with the three different adsorbents used in the traps. With this system, volatile pyrolyzates were collected and analysed without the use of cryogenic traps, vacuum manifolds, or gas-sampling valves. The applicability of the procedures is demonstrated for the pyrolysis volatiles of stearic acid, a tobacco constituent","PeriodicalId":10723,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"141 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89153880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Gamma Radiation Effects on Cigarettes 伽马辐射对香烟的影响
Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research Pub Date : 1975-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/CTTR-2013-0369
R. Severson, O. Chortyk, W. Chamberlain
{"title":"Gamma Radiation Effects on Cigarettes","authors":"R. Severson, O. Chortyk, W. Chamberlain","doi":"10.2478/CTTR-2013-0369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/CTTR-2013-0369","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Smoke from gamma irradiated 1R1 Reference cigarettes was compared to smoke from the non-irradiated cigarettes. Total particulate matter, nicotine, and tar levels decreased with increasing radiation dose. Nicotine was determined by gas chromatography, using 7-methyl- quinoline as an internal standard. Yields of solvent partition fractions of the smoke condensate and of chromatographic fractions of the condensate neutrals did not indicate significant changes in smoke composition resulting from gamma irradiation of the precursor cigarette tobacco. The composition of refined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fractions of smoke from irradiated cigarettes appeared to be identical to that of standard cigarettes. The expected decrease in PAH did not occur. It was concluded that gamma irradiation of cigarettes had no major effects on smoke composition.","PeriodicalId":10723,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"136 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87437934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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