Food Industry eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Agricultural Public Expenditures in Nigeria: Examination at the Federal, State, and Local Government Levels","authors":"A. Olomola, Tewodaj Mogues, T. Olofinbiyi, Chinedum Nwoko, E. Udoh, R. A. Alabi, J. Onu, S. Woldeyohannes","doi":"10.21955/GATESOPENRES.1114942.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21955/GATESOPENRES.1114942.1","url":null,"abstract":"The level of public spending on agriculture in Nigeria remains low regardless of the indicator used. Agricultural spending as a share of total federal spending averaged 4.6 percent between 2008 and 2012 and has been trending downward precipitously. In contrast, Nigeria recorded an annual average agricultural growth rate of more than 6 percent between 2003 and 2010, and agricultural gross domestic product followed an increasing trend between 2008 and 2012. Budgetary allocation to agriculture compared with other key sectors is also low despite the sector’s role in the fight against poverty, hunger, and unemployment and in the pursuit of economic development. Public investment has been stifled by the lopsided manner in which national revenue is being allocated among the three tiers of government that have responsibility for agricultural development.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126783496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Consequences of the Imposition of Restrictions on Pork Imports in 2014 and the Import Substitution Prospects for Russia's Domestic Pig Farming Sector","authors":"N. Karlova","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2532377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2532377","url":null,"abstract":"The short-term consequences of the bans imposed in 2014 on pork imports into Russia from the countries that used to be major suppliers of meat to this country are as follows: an altered geography of import supplies, rising prices on the pork market and related markets, and plummeting consumer demand for meat and meat products. At the same time, the medium-term perspective off ers some favorable opportunities for turning the domestic pig farming sector into the main source of import substitution. The present course towards boosting import substitu-tion is fraught with the risk of overinvestment into that sector with the resulting market oversaturation, while the rate of return on investment in the sector is too low to ensure loan repayment.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125337090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A National Survey of Consumer Preferences for Branded Gulf Oysters and Risk Perceptions of Gulf Seafood","authors":"D. Petrolia, W. Walton, S. Acquah","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2528576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2528576","url":null,"abstract":"Three restaurant taste panels and an online consumer survey were conducted during 2012-2013 to assess whether Gulf consumers would be willing to pay a premium for place-name specific (i.e., “branded”) Gulf oysters over typical “generic” Gulf oysters, and whether consumers in other U.S. markets would be willing to pay for branded Gulf oysters compared to other U.S. branded oysters. Panelists in the two Gulf Coast taste panels had strong preferences for local oyster varieties when they were aware of oyster variety names and harvest locations (i.e., during labeled rounds). In the absence this information (i.e., during blind rounds), panelists had no such preferences, and in the case of the Houston taste panel, actually had a significant distaste for the local Galveston Bay variety. Panelists in the Chicago taste panel had strong preferences for the Island Creek oyster, in both the blinded and labeled rounds, although during the labeled rounds, the Point aux Pins oysters fared equally well (statistically) to the Island Creeks. Additionally, during the labeled rounds, the Apalachicola Bay and Point aux Pins oysters were statistically more likely to be chosen over the San Antonio Bay oysters. Respondents to the online survey tended to have higher perceptions of quality and seafood safety regarding their own regionally-produced oysters relative to oysters from other regions. There was limited variation in perceptions from one Gulf Coast variety to another, with the exception of the Apalachicola Bay variety being rated higher in several cases, and the more general “Gulf of Mexico” category being rated lower. Online survey results indicate that, consumers living in eastern Gulf states such as Georgia and Florida may be willing to pay a premium for branded Gulf oysters, particularly oysters from Florida and Louisiana. Gulf consumers living in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, however, did not show any strong preferences for branded oysters relative to cheaper generic ones. Among non-Gulf consumers, survey results indicate that while a price discount may be needed to sell branded Gulf oysters relative to local oysters (i.e., relative to, say, East Coast oysters in East Coast markets), that Gulf oysters generally fared no worse than other non-local oysters (i.e., West Coast oysters in East Coast markets). Of the Gulf oysters tested, Atlantic Coast respondents appear to prefer Louisiana oysters. Pacific Coast respondents appear to be indifferent between most Atlantic Coast and Gulf Coast varieties. Also, it appears that relatively few respondents were concerned about the Deepwater Horizon oil spill when answering questions about oysters, although these concerns did affect preferences for Gulf Coast oysters negatively in some cases. Less than 1% of all respondents indicated any concern regarding Vibrio vulnificus, bacteria, or similar. However, such concerns, though not cited explicitly, may yet be latent in the reported perceptions of oysters from v","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128826586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequalities in Flow of Agriculture Credit: A Macro and Micro Level Analysis","authors":"Neha Joshi, Jayant Gautam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2509898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2509898","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to examine the level of inequalities in flow of agriculture credit to farmers of different farm classes and also the regional disparity prevailing in flow of agriculture credit in India. Analysis of inclusiveness of formal credit delivery reveals that there exist widespread inequality which has been studied through total credit disbursed, credit disbursed per account, KCC issued, CD ratio region wise. Some regions have emerged to be better served, with quantitatively better credit availability and others deficit. Thus apart from quantitative growth of credit, a rather more inclusive approach is inevitable so as to enable agriculture credit policy to fulfill its stated purpose.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115572553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Agricultural Liability: Maryland Fencing Laws","authors":"Paul Goeringer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2402254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2402254","url":null,"abstract":"Many Maryland livestock producers may wonder when is a fence required and what condition should that fence be in according to Maryland law. The question can be confusing at times since Maryland has not adopted specific statutes that relate to fencing. This paper provides an overview of common law fencing rules as found in Maryland. The paper also looks at ways for two landowners to bound themselves and successors in keeping up a division fence.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131851775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Employment, Wages and Poverty in Developing Countries","authors":"K. Imai, R. Gaiha, Constanza Di Nucci","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2509357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2509357","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing upon panel data estimations, we have analysed the relationships among agricultural productivity, employment, technology, openness of the economy, inequality in land distribution and poverty. First, we have identified a number of important factors affecting agricultural productivity, such as agricultural R&D expenditure, irrigation, fertilizer use, agricultural tractor/machinery use, reduction in inequality of land distributions, or reduction in gender inequality. Second, while agricultural wage rate is negatively associated with agricultural productivity and food price in levels, the growth in agricultural wage rate is positively correlated with the growth in agricultural land or labour productivity as well as with the growth in food price, particularly after 2000. Contrary to the ILO's (2012) claim that the gap has widened recently, this suggests the narrowing gap between wage and labour productivity once we focus on the conditional relationship between the two. Third, agricultural employment per hectare tends to increase agricultural productivity after taking account of the endogeneity of the former, while the growth in agricultural employment per hectare tends to increase the growth in non-agricultural employment over time with adjustment for endogeneity of the former. In this context, we have reviewed the recent literature and emphasised the importance of enhancing agricultural productivity and employment. Fourth, both agricultural growth and non-agricultural growth tend to lead to reduction in overall inequality. Finally, increase in agricultural productivity which is treated as endogenous will reduce poverty significantly through the overall economic growth. Overall, policies to increase agricultural productivity and agricultural employment are likely to increase non-agricultural growth, overall growth and reduce poverty, where guaranteeing gender inequality is likely to be one of the key factors.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117265192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Explains the Intensification and Diversification of Brazil's Agricultural Production and Exports from 1990 to 2012?","authors":"C. Bacha, Leandro Vinicios de Carvalho","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2470995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2470995","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive explanation of the production and export intensification and diversification of the Brazilian agricultural sector in the period 1990 2012. Our hypothesis is that Brazil does not have a predetermined ‘model’ calibrated for success in international agricultural markets; rather, the country has altered its agricultural policies in a responsive manner reflecting constraints and opportunities arising in both domestic and international markets, and taking advantage of Brazil’s agricultural land availability and good climate for agriculture. We identify four main noteworthy results of the study: (1) Brazil is no longer an agricultural country, despite the fact that in 2012 agriculture answered for 5.2% of Brazil´s GDP and supports a diversified and fast-growing agribusiness sector which in turn amounted to 22.2% of Brazilian GDP. (2) Agricultural and agro-industrial production and exports have increased and diversified simultaneously since the 1970s with the farming of new areas. (3) The location of the fastest-growing farming areas shifted during 1970-1990 from the South and Southeast regions to the Central-West region. Since 2000 a new agricultural frontier has emerged in the Cerrado (savannah) areas bordering the states of Maranhao, Tocantins, Piaui and Bahia (often referred to collectively by the acronyms MATOPIBA or BAMAPITO). (4) An econometric model of export supply, run using a 1991-2011 dataset, offers a number of insights. In particular, the world’s overall GDP growth and Brazilian agricultural and agroprocessed production have been the main drivers of Brazilian agricultural and agro-industrial exports, rather than international prices. Simultaneously, in the international market Brazil has taken over a share vacated by the USA and European Union countries.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121850376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Agricultural Input Landscape in Sub-Saharan Africa: Recent Plot, Household, and Community-Level Evidence","authors":"Megan Sheahan, C. Barrett","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-7014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7014","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional wisdom holds that Sub-Saharan African farmers use few modern inputs despite the fact that most growth-inducing and poverty-reducing agricultural growth in the region is expected to come largely from expanded use of inputs that embody improved technologies, particularly improved seed, fertilizers and other agro-chemicals, machinery, and irrigation. Yet following several years of high food prices, concerted policy efforts to intensify fertilizer and hybrid seed use, and increased public and private investment in agriculture, how low is modern input use in Africa really? This paper revisits Africa's agricultural input landscape, exploiting the unique, recently collected, nationally representative, agriculturally intensive, and cross-country comparable Living Standard Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture covering six countries in the region (Ethiopia, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda). The study uses data from more than 22,000 households and 62,000 plots to investigate a range of commonly held conceptions about modern input use in Africa, distilling the most striking and important findings into 10 key takeaway descriptive results.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126948385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Проблема Аграрного Кризиса в Либеральной и Консервативной Общественной Мысли России На Рубеже XIX – XX Вв. (The Problem of the Agrarian Crisis in the Liberal and Conservative Social Thought in Russia at the Turn of XIX - XX Centuries)","authors":"Sergei Bespalov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2592329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2592329","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract: </b>Рассматриваются альтернативные точки зрения относительно природы аграрного кризиса в России конца XIX – начала ХХ в., его внутри- и внешнеэкономических причин и перспектив оздоровления аграрного сектора; характеризуются идейно-теоретические основы рассмотренных концепций, сформулированных государственными и общественными деятелями, а также экономистами, придерживавшимися либеральных и консервативных взглядов. Подвергается анализу полемика о результатах правительственной аграрной политики и необходимости её пересмотра, о причинах обострения социальной напряжённости в деревне и необходимости реформирования правовых основ крестьянского землевладения и землепользования. Разбирается дискуссия о роли отечественного сельскохозяйственного машиностроения в модернизации аграрного сектора. <b>English Abstract: </b>Alternative points of view about the nature of the agrarian crisis in Russia in the late XIX - early XX century are considered in this work as well as Its internal and external economic causes and prospects for recovery of the agricultural sector; ideological and theoretical basis of consideration of the concept formulated by state and public figures, including economists that held liberal and conservative views, are characterized. Controversy about the results of the government's agrarian policy and the need for its review of the reasons for aggravation of social tensions in the country and the need to reform the legal framework of peasant land tenure and land use is analyzed. Discussion on the role of domestic agricultural engineering in the modernization of the agricultural sector is also versed.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124071917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuing Water Quality Tradeoffs at the Farm Level: An Integrated Approach","authors":"M. Bostian, G. Whittaker, B. Barnhart, R. Färe, S. Grosskopf","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2469572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2469572","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the tradeoff between agricultural production and water quality for individual producers using an integrated economic-biophysical hybrid genetic algorithm. We apply a multi-input, multi-output profit maximization model to detailed farm-level production data from the Oregon Willamette Valley to predict each producer's response to a targeted fertilizer tax policy. Their resulting production decisions are included in a biophysical model of basin-level soil and water quality. We use a hybrid genetic algorithm to integrate the economic and biophysical models into one multi-objective optimization problem, the joint maximization of farm profits and minimization of Nitrate runoff resulting from fertilizer usage. We then measure the tradeoffs between maximum profit and Nitrogen loading for individual farms, subject to the fertilizer tax policy. We find considerable variation in tradeoff values across the basin, which could be used to better target incentives for reducing Nitrogen loading to agricultural producers.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114463903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}