Food Industry eJournal最新文献_第6页

How Effective are Federal Food Safety Regulations? The Case of Eggs and Salmonella Enteritidis 联邦食品安全法规的有效性如何?鸡蛋与肠炎沙门氏菌个案

Food Industry eJournal Pub Date : 2015-06-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2622715

R. Lutter

{"title":"How Effective are Federal Food Safety Regulations? The Case of Eggs and Salmonella Enteritidis","authors":"R. Lutter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2622715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2622715","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimated that its shell egg rule would reduce illness from Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) by about 79,000 cases annually (37%), with a range from about 30,000 to 191,000 cases avoided. I assess the effectiveness of this rule, which requires farmers who sell eggs to adopt SE control measures, by comparing illness from SE with illness from other Salmonella serotypes, using a differences-in-differences approach. The data reject the hypothesis that the rule reduced illnesses by FDA’s best 2009 estimate, but do not reject a hypothesis of no effect. The percentage of young broilers that test positive for SE has a modest effect on the incidence of human cases of salmonellosis caused by SE. Recent literature offers two other reasons to adjust FDA’s prospective 2009 calculations. One adjustment would follow the Centers for Disease Control’s use of a lower multiplier to infer the total number of (unobserved) cases of illness from those confirmed by positive lab tests. A second adjustment would lower the average cost of Salmonella cases, by recognizing lower risk of severe sequelae. These adjustments and the new retrospective assessment of the effectiveness of the rule together suggest that the benefits of FDA’s egg rule may be a small fraction of the prospective estimate of benefits, and less than the prospective estimate of costs. I conclude with some policy recommendations to make food safety regulations more effective.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127481755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Cointegration between Equity- and Agricultural Markets: Implications for Portfolio Diversification 股票和农业市场的协整:对投资组合多样化的影响

Food Industry eJournal Pub Date : 2015-05-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2688555

Marcio Genovevo da Costa, N. Donner

引用次数: 0

Saprolegnia as a Symbiont 作为共生体的腐生菌

Food Industry eJournal Pub Date : 2015-04-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2591691

D. Beaman

引用次数: 0

Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Chinese Agriculture: The Importance of Relative Humidity and Other Climatic Variables 气候变化对中国农业的经济影响:相对湿度和其他气候变量的重要性

Food Industry eJournal Pub Date : 2015-04-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2598810

Peng Zhang, Junjie Zhang, Minpeng Chen

{"title":"Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Chinese Agriculture: The Importance of Relative Humidity and Other Climatic Variables","authors":"Peng Zhang, Junjie Zhang, Minpeng Chen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2598810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2598810","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change shifts the distributions of a set of climatic variables including temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, sunshine duration, and evaporation. Previous studies have predominantly focused on temperature and precipitation only, while ignoring other climatic variables. These inter-correlated climatic variables are potential determinants for crop yields. Omitting some important climatic variables could bias the estimations of effects of climate change on agriculture. This paper explores the importance of additional climatic variables besides temperature and precipitation. Using the county-level agricultural data from 1980 to 2010 in China, we find that omitting additional climatic variables, especially humidity, dramatically overestimates the negative impacts of climate change on rice and wheat yields. The restricted model, which only includes temperature and precipitation, overestimates the negative impacts of climate change on rice yields by 57% and wheat yields by 87%. The overestimate for corn, however, is minor. These biases are likely caused by overestimating the negative impacts of higher temperatures on crop yields while simultaneously ignoring the positive impacts of the increased humidity induced by climate change. Using the preferred specification, we project that climate change will reduce the yields of rice, wheat, and corn in China by 9.31%, 4.52%, and 45.04%, or decrease the total production by 15.25 million tons, 4.15 million tons, and 58.63 million tons, respectively, by the end of this century.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117068936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Using Crop Genetic Resources to Help Agriculture Adapt to Climate Change: Economics and Policy 利用作物遗传资源帮助农业适应气候变化:经济与政策

Food Industry eJournal Pub Date : 2015-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2709190

P. Heisey, Kelly A. Day-Rubenstein

{"title":"Using Crop Genetic Resources to Help Agriculture Adapt to Climate Change: Economics and Policy","authors":"P. Heisey, Kelly A. Day-Rubenstein","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2709190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2709190","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change poses significant risks to future crop productivity as temperatures rise, rainfall patterns become more variable, and pest and disease pressures increase. The use of crop genetic resources to develop varieties more tolerant to rapidly changing environmental conditions will be an important part of agricultural adaptation to climate change. Finding new genetic traits that can facilitate adaptation—and incorporating them into commercially successful varieties—is time-consuming, expensive, and technically difficult. The public-goods characteristics of genetic resources can create obstacles to rewards for private research and development. Because of insufficient private incentives, public-sector investment in the use of genetic resources will help determine the agricultural sector’s ability to maintain crop productivity, and for society as a whole, the potential benefits of public investment are large. The study authors find, however, that factors such as intellectual property rules for genetic resources and for research tools, or international agreements governing genetic resource exchange, have the potential both to promote and to hamper greater use of genetic resources for climate change adaptation.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125708400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Economic Situation and Productivity of the Polish Pig Holdings 波兰养猪场的经济形势和生产力

Food Industry eJournal Pub Date : 2015-03-27 DOI: 10.5604/00441600.1146684

Z. Mirkowska, W. Ziętara

引用次数: 1

Water Productivity for Boro Rice Production: Study on Floodplain Beels in Rajshahi, Bangladesh 水稻生产的水分生产力:孟加拉国拉杰沙希洪泛区的研究

Food Industry eJournal Pub Date : 2015-03-11 DOI: 10.3329/JBS.V21I0.22526

Md. Istiaque Hossain, C. Siwar, M. Mokhtar, M. Dey, A. Jaafar, Md. Mahmudul Alam

{"title":"Water Productivity for Boro Rice Production: Study on Floodplain Beels in Rajshahi, Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Istiaque Hossain, C. Siwar, M. Mokhtar, M. Dey, A. Jaafar, Md. Mahmudul Alam","doi":"10.3329/JBS.V21I0.22526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/JBS.V21I0.22526","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Water productivity is considered as an important indicator of Agriculture productivity because of the scarcity of freshwater. More yield or output against same or less amount of water has become the global interest. Objectives: This study measures the productivity of water on the floodplain land in terms of Boro rice cultivation for two floodplain beels in Rajshahi Bangladesh. Materials & Methods: For this study, the production and market price data were collected by direct observation based on 30 samples in the year 2006-07. Results: This study found gross water productivity of rice yield as 0.47 kg m-3 in beel Mail and 0.43 kg m-3 in beel Chandpur. In monetary value, water productivity per cubic meter irrigation water were TK 5.65, TK 3.42 and TK 2.64 based on gross return, net return considering cash costs and net return considering full costs in beel Mail. In beel Chandpur these values were TK 5.19 m-3, TK 2.87 m-3 and TK 2.14 m-3, respectively. The usage of average irrigated water in the boro rice farms were estimated 10730.05 m-3 and 11236 m-3 with an average production of yield 4992.95 kg and 4783.20 kg in beel Mail and beel Chandpur. Statistical result shows that keeping irrigation water constant, a 1% increase of boro rice yield will increase water productivity at 0.916% in beel Mail and 0.972% in beel Chandpur. The water productivity in beel Mail was 4.65% higher than beel Chandpur due to the intervention of community based fish culture management. Conclusion: The findings of this study will help to govern and improve production by proper utilizing floodplain lands","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134645882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Rents from Trade and Coercive Institutions: Removing the Sugar Coating 贸易租金与强制制度:去除糖衣

Food Industry eJournal Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2864727

C. Dippel, A. Greif, Daniel Trefler

{"title":"The Rents from Trade and Coercive Institutions: Removing the Sugar Coating","authors":"C. Dippel, A. Greif, Daniel Trefler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2864727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2864727","url":null,"abstract":"The 19th century collapse of world sugar prices should have depressed wages in the British West Indies sugar colonies. It did not. We explain this by showing how lower prices weakened the power of the white planter elite and thus led to an easing of the coercive institutions that depressed wages e.g., institutions that kept land out of the hands of peasants. Using unique data for 14 British West Indies sugar colonies from 1838 to 1913, we examine the impact of the collapse of sugar prices on wages and incarceration rates. We find that in colonies that were poorly suited for sugar cane cultivation (an exogenous colony characteristic), the planter elite declined in power and the institutions they created and supported became less coercive. As a result, wages rose by 20% and incarceration rates per capita were cut in half. In contrast, in colonies that were highly suited for sugar cane there was little change in the power of the planter elite --- as a result, institutions did not change, the market-based mechanisms of standard trade theory were salient, and wages fell by 24%. In short, movements in the terms of trade induced changes in coercive institutions, changes that are central for understanding how the terms of trade affects wages.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131890513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

Expert Assessment on Agri-Food Implications of March 2011 Earthquake, Tsunami and Fukushima Nuclear Accident in Japan 2011年3月日本地震、海啸和福岛核事故对农业食品影响的专家评估

Food Industry eJournal Pub Date : 2015-01-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2555390

Hrabrin Bachev Храбрин Башев

{"title":"Expert Assessment on Agri-Food Implications of March 2011 Earthquake, Tsunami and Fukushima Nuclear Accident in Japan","authors":"Hrabrin Bachev Храбрин Башев","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2555390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2555390","url":null,"abstract":"The March 11, 2011 earthquake, tsunami and nuclear plant accident have had immense impacts on Japanese agri-food sector. Previous analysis has demonstrated that some of the impacts that triple disaster are difficult to identify and assess due to the insufficient information, controversial data, continuing challenges and uncertainties, etc. In order to expend the assessments we have organized two expert assessments in order to identify the 2011 disasters’ short and longer terms impacts on agriculture, food industries and consumers as well as factors for persistence of negative impacts, and longer-term impacts on major resources, productions, organisations, efficiency, etc. in the most affected regions and the rest of Japan. This paper presents the results of the experts’ assessments on socio-economic impacts of the March 2011 earthquake, tsunami and the Fukushima nuclear disaster on the Japanese agriculture and food sector. Nearly four years after the triple disaster, it gives some tentative assessment on the diverse (specific, combined, short-term, long-term, functional) impacts of the 2011 earthquake, tsunami and nuclear accident on agriculture, food industries, and food consumption in different regions of the country.","PeriodicalId":107048,"journal":{"name":"Food Industry eJournal","volume":"27 19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116822054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The EU Cohesion Policy in Context: Regional Growth and the Influence of Agricultural and Rural Development Policies 背景下的欧盟凝聚力政策:区域增长与农业和农村发展政策的影响

Food Industry eJournal Pub Date : 2014-12-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2542244

R. Crescenzi, Mara Giua

引用次数: 44