University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research最新文献

{"title":"The effect of the growth stimulant Bio 20 and thinning on some physiological and physical characteristics of date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.), the Al-Shwaithi cultivar growing in Thi - Qar Governorate.","authors":"Asadi-Ahmed Dinar Al, Zainab Fadel Kazem","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.319","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted during the 2023 growing season in one of the private orchards in Thi - Qar Governorate, with the aim of studying the effect of spraying fruits with concentrations of the growth stimulant Bio 20 (0, 2, and 4) ml L-1 and the percentages of fruit thinning (0, 15, and 30)% and their interactions in some physiological and physical characteristics  of date palm fruits of the Shuwaithi cultivar in the Rutab stage. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment according to a Completely Randomized Block Design with six replications to calculate the studied traits. Concentrations of the growth stimulant Bio 20 were sprayed and the thinning process was performed after (21) days of pollination and upon completion set the fruits with (6) sprays between one and the next (14 days) until the start of the coloring stage. \u0000The results can be summarized as follows: \u0000The results of the study showed that spraying with the growth stimulant Bio 2o achieved a significant increase in most of the physiological and physical characteristics studied , and the concentration (4 ml L-1) recorded the highest averages for : ripening  percentage (82.41%), bunch weight (11.16 kg), and fruit weight (11.40 gm). ) and the length and diameter of the fruit (3.76 cm, 2.18 cm), respectively, and the fruit size (10.53 cm3). In addition, it recorded the lowest average with a significant difference for the percentage of fruit drop (25.58%). \u0000The thinning percentage (30%) achieved a significant increase in : ripening  percentage (84.05%), bunch weight (10.02 kg), fruit weight (11.35 g), fruit length (3.59 cm), fruit diameter (2.12 cm), and fruit size (10.33 cm3). In addition, it recorded the lowest averages with a significant difference in the percentage of fruit drop (22.65%). \u0000As for the effect of the interaction treatment between the concentration of the growth stimulant Bio 20 (4 ml L-1) and the thinning percentage (30%), it was significant in giving the highest averages of physiological and physical characteristics during the Rutab stage.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative histological, histometrical and hormonal study between the ovary and uterus of non-pregnant and pregnant local breed cat (Catus felius)","authors":"Ab Dhyaa, Abood Rasha, Mohammed Ali, AL-Harbawy","doi":"10.54174/yx2aw115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/yx2aw115","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of the ovary and uterus of local breed cats used to investigate the histological, histometrical and hormonal features. The paraffin embedding technique was used for processing of tissue that stained by hematoxyline and eosin stain, and massons trichrom stain. Ovary of at proestrus or oestrus phases composed of outer cortex that covered by cuboidal germinal epithelium and inner medulla. Tunica albuginea composed of a thin layer of characterized by fusiform stromal cells. The cortex content groups of Oogonial cells, numerous primordial follicles, little primary, secondary and tertiary follicles in addition for 1-2 follicular cysts and mature corpus letium. In pregnant cat the thickness of ovarian cortex was significantly increased (P.< 0.05) at the 2nd and 3rd term of pregnancy, the cortex containing all types of the follicles which revealed marked regression with lysis of oocytes, in addition for 2-3 corpus letium,  thickness of all types of follicles was significantly increased (P.<0.05) at 3rd term of pregnancy. Endometrium of non-pregnant cat was covered by simple columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells. Lamina propria revealed marked hyperplasia of fibroblasts in addition for fibrocytes and active tubular uterine glands. During pregnancy, the uterus displayed 2-3 fetues with their zonary placenta of hemochoriodal type. The maternal part was formed by the basalis decidua and the fetal part composed by chorionic villi that composed of central blood vessels followed by a layer of stromal areolar connective tissue then a multinucleated syncytial cells. Basalis decidua had numerous veins and arteries that emerged within inter villous space forming wide blood channels. The statistical analysis showed significant increased (P<0.05) thickness of endometrium during period of pregnancy, meanwhile the thickness of endometrium, myometrium and epithelial height significantly increased during period of non-pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"83 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Compaction Induced by Different Tillage Systems and its Impact on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea Mays L.)","authors":"Aqeelnasssir Nassir, Abbas Mishall, Ahmad mohammed","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.302","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Maize (Zea Mays L.) cultivation faces challenges from mechanized tillage-induced compaction, impacting soil physical properties crucial for growth. This compaction, stemming from machinery-soil interactions during tillage, alters bulk density, root penetration resistance, and water infiltration rates. Tractive tires play a central role in this process. The chapter explores the intricate relationship, emphasizing its adverse effects on maize root development, nutrient availability, and overall grain yield. While studies report significant yield reductions under severe compaction, a universally agreed-upon critical level remains elusive, necessitating further research into dynamic soil factors influencing maize productivity. This insight informs strategies for optimizing cultivation practices amid mechanized tillage challenges. Soil compaction, a critical concern in maize cultivation, profoundly impacts plant growth. Mechanized tillage-induced compaction alters soil properties, affecting bulk density, root penetration, and water movement. Compacted soil restricts air and water availability, hindering root respiration and nutrient uptake. This multifaceted constraint leads to poor seed germination, reduced yields, and increased vulnerability to root diseases. Mitigation strategies include low tillage machine loads, precision agriculture, conservation tillage, bioturbation, and deep tillage. While some compaction may benefit water retention, excessive levels pose risks. A holistic approach involves soil assessments, controlled traffic farming, cover crops, mechanical aeration, optimized equipment design, and ongoing monitoring. Education and adaptive practices are crucial for sustainable soil compaction management.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"43 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE OLFACTORY BULLB IN CATS","authors":"Qasem sami jawad, Khayria K. Habeeb","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.283","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was carried out to investigate histological features of olfactory bulb were observed in cats, 12 samples (n = 12) were used. six samples for anatomical observation of olfactory bulb were record in adult cats which involved the morphological study (position, relation, weight, length and diameter), he length of the olfactory bulb was of greatest value in cats (19.5 ±0.72). The greatest width (diameter) of olfactory bulb relative to that of the corresponding cerebral hemisphere gave the highest ratio in the cats (41.92%), \u0000 The olfactory bulbs were Fixed in 10% formalin solution then processed in routine histological technique which stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin and Mallory stains.  The morphological result of olfactory bulb in cats showed was semicircular in shape with a ventrolateral rough surface Meanwhile. creamy in color that located in the fore brain of vertebrates which receives neural input about odors detected by cells in the nasal cavity. \u0000Histologically the histological section of the olfactory bulb of a cats, there are four distinct layers that may be identified: (olfactory nerve layer, glomerular layer, mitral cells layer, and granule cells layer). \u0000In the present study, olfactory bulbs of greyhound and outdoor cat were ccrrcered histologically. Was loud that the olfactory bulbs of both species were instituted by accessory and main parts having the same layers (nerve. glomerular, external plexiform, mitral cell, internal plexiform and granular cell). Nerve. glomerular and mitral cell layers were very wide and there were many glial cell in the test two layers in the olfactory bulbs of greyhound. \u0000However, in outdoor cat, these layers were very narrow and titer were few mitral and glial cells. Differences in the smiling ability between greyhound and outdoor cat were thought to be depended on the histomorphological diltererces of their olfactory bulbs.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fennel seed powder ( Foniculum Vulgare) on antioxidant enzymes and histlogical of small intestin ( jujenum) of broiler chickens.","authors":"DR .Doaa zain Zain, Measem H. Alallawee, Moaed H.sayhood Zain","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.301","url":null,"abstract":"This research was investigate the effects of Foeniculum Vulgare (F.V)  powder on antioxidant enzyams, , height of the villus to the depth of the villi in the jejunum region of grill chicks. A sum of 144 one-day old chicks (Ross 308)were used in the experiment and randomly distributed into twelve cages ( 12 birds / cage). It was contained four treatments (T1: regular feed without any addition, T2: regular feed supplemented with 10 gm of  F.V powder / kg of ration, T3: regular feed with 15 gm of F.V powder/kg of ration and T4: regular feed with 20 gm of F.V powder/kg of ration. Results showed The effect of F.Vulgare adding  on the activity of some liver enzymes in the blood serum of broilers that there are significant differences (P<0.05) between the treatments. as it showed a significant increase in the activity enzyme ( SOD ,GPX). \u0000The effectiveness of malondihyde acid (MDA) in blood serum was measured, as the results of the table show that there is a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the effectiveness of acid (MDA) in blood serum for the addition treatments .And the villus height, villus depth, and the ratio of villus height to villus depth in the jejunum of broilers indicates a highly significant superiority (P<0.05) in villus height, villus depth, and the ratio between villus height to villus depth for the jejunum area for the treatments to which fennel was added compared to the treatment .","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is using combined tillage implements the solution?","authors":"Ahmed Hamid","doi":"10.54174/ts0e0446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/ts0e0446","url":null,"abstract":"The fuel consumption, The energy requirement, the time of prepare seedbed, the tractor wheel slippage and the number of passes in the field, all of this factors make farmer choose more efficient method of plowing. Compound tillage is the solve and the method means that two, three or more different plowing tools are work at one time for plowing soil, pulverization, seeding and fertilize, the aid of this way, reduce the drudgery, number and saving time of the field operation. The primary (conventional) and secondary tillage implements  are becoming expensive time, fuel and cost, additional, need several passes to prepare seedbed, which increase compaction and damage of the soil and leads to formation the hard pan in the soil due to tractor and machines movement. The farmer size of the field holdings in Iraq is middle or usually small, the way of increase the the width of tools or speed is less useful and effective, therefore, reduce and shorten the number of traffic or passes by use a combination tillage implements consider better solution. Compound tillage saving cost of 44-55%, time of 50-55% and enable the farmers to reduce the number of trips over the field, also, shortage of farm labor. Carrying out the tillage process  by compound tillage with two or more equipment to reduce time, fuel consumption and power requirement foe prepare the best seedbed. In this review, various paper researches on combination tillage implement will be discussion.          ","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"48 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphological and Histochemical study of the uterine tubes in the premature female goats","authors":"Rusul Hazim, Masarat S. Al-Mayahi","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.315","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the histomorphological and histochemical characteristics of the uterine tubes in premature female local goats. For this particular investigation, a total of 10 samples of uterine tubes were used. These samples were obtained from slaughterhouses and were taken from individuals aged between 3 and 5 months. The histological technique involved the execution of a standard approach to prepare histological sections. This was achieved by applying both general and particular Histochemical stains. Uterine tube samples were obtained and stored using a solution of 10% neutral buffered formalin for preservation.                                                                                               Immediately after collection, we conducted measurements of the uterine tube's gross morphology, weight, and length. By employing the methodology of standard histology procedure. Histochemical sections were prepared using both general and specific histochemical stains. The gross examination showed the presence of bilateral uterine tubes consisting of a thick, short, coiled preampulla, a thin, long ampulla, and the isthmus, which is the smallest and straightest section connecting to the uterus. Under microscopic examination, three distinct regions were identified based on variations in their histological characteristics. The data showed that the uterine tubes in kittens were not fully grown, while immature does exhibited significant histological and histochemical changes compared to kittens. On the other hand, mature does indicated that the post-weaning phase plays a crucial role in the development of the animals. The histochemical method specifically identified changes, with a particularly significant positive reaction observed in the isthmus region, which clearly reacted with PAS, AB, and a combination of PAS-AB. To summarise, the latest data revealed distinct variations in the uterine tubes of local rabbits compared to other mammals, particularly those belonging to the rodentia species.The uterine tube exhibited a statistically significant increase in thickness (P<0.05).The uterine tube was subjected to histochemical analysis utilising Haematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue, Masson trichrome, Periodic acid, and Schiff reagent (PAS) stains..","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"75 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Conocarpus lancifolius silage on blood characteristics and mineral in the blood serum of calves and an economic return","authors":"₁. Ahmed, Jandel Shershab, H. A. Al-Galbi","doi":"10.54174/ra0es632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/ra0es632","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Conocarpus lancifolius silage on the mineralelements and blood features in calves' serum, as well as the financial benefits. The study included 12Friesian calves purchased from the local markets of Dhi Qar/Shatrah Governorate at the age of 6-8months, with an average weight of 109.33 kg. Calves were randomly divided into three treatments (4calves per treatment). The treatments were the control (50% concentrate: 50% alfalfa hay), treatment two50% concentrate: 25% alfalfa hay: 25% conocarpus silage, and the third treatment 50% concentrate:50%conocarpus silage. The feeding period was 105 days including 15 days of adaptation. The results showedthat there were no significant differences in blood characteristics (RBC, PCV, and hemoglobin) in allconocarpus silage addition treatments compared to the control group. There were no significantdifferences in the average concentration of serum calcium and phosphorus among the experimentaltreatments. However, there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the sodium concentration of thecontrol and the third treatment (144.33, 139.68) mmol/L, respectively, compared with the secondtreatment, (136.00 mmol/L). The net profits from using conocarpus silage was 393, 533, and 593thousand Iraqi dinars for the control and the addition of 25% and 50% of the silage, respectively. Addingsilage led to an increase in profits equal to 1.5 times the profits generated from control with no negativeimpact on animal health. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"66 s261","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicators of digitalization technologies in the agricultural production, food industry and marketing sectors - a review","authors":"Abbas Al Tamimi","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.323","url":null,"abstract":"Some Arab countries have faced many problems in the growth of the economy, which depends largely on agricultural production, food industries, marketing and electronic commerce. This review came to extract the most important advantages and obstacles to the application of digitalization techniques in the agricultural production sector, food industries, and electronic marketing to identify them in a deductive manner. It has become clear that the most important obstacles facing the application of digitization are the legal legislation related to the application of digitization techniques, as well as digital illiteracy in rural society in particular, in addition to the deterioration of the infrastructure necessary for the application of digitization techniques. It recommended that a long-run strategy developed to apply digitalization techniques in agricultural production, food industries, marketing and electronic commerce. As well as developing human capital, especially in rural areas, to provide an appropriate technical environment to achieve development in agricultural production and food industries to contribute to economic growth","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"122 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES OF ILT VIRUS INFECTION IN LAYER AT PRODUCTION STAGE IN IRAQ","authors":"Basim Manswr, Mushtaq Talib, Bakr Al-Zuhariy, A. H. Ulaiwi, Saad Mohammed Hammad","doi":"10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v13i1.295","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2011, there have been epidemics of respiratory infection in Iraq's laying hen farms, including hemorrhage tracheitis, which closely resembles laryngotracheitis and exhibits symptoms such as symptoms and lesions, respiratory issues, and swelling. Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in layers hen farms in Iraq had to be molecularly identified and determined, together with viral load and innate immune responses of gene transcription (INF-γ, IL1, IL6, and IL10). A total of 40 samples 20 trachea and 20 lungs were taken from various suspect contaminated layer flocks of Iraqi farms (age: 33 weeks). Real-time PCR results showed that 10 samples from both tissues tested positive for the ILT virus. The highest viral load, 5.52×103 copies/L viral nucleic acid, was found in tracheal tissue at 7 dpi, whereas the lowest viral load, 1.65×103 copies/L viral nucleic acid, was found in lung tissues. At 3 and 7 days after infection, the expression of INF-γ, IL1 and IL6 was significantly higher there in tracheal tissues (P≤0.05) than in the lung tissues, indicating a down regulation of these three molecules. In both organs at the same time, there was no up regulation of IL10. The findings of this study show that ILTv up-regulates the transcription of several cytokines in the trachea, including INF-γ, IL1, and IL6, during various stages of the cytokine production process.","PeriodicalId":101768,"journal":{"name":"University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140512235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}