The Chemical Engineering Journal最新文献_第10页

Effect of alcohol, organic acid and potassium chloride concentration on bubble size, bubble rise velocity and gas hold-up in bubble columns 酒精、有机酸和氯化钾浓度对气泡柱中气泡大小、气泡上升速度和气含率的影响

The Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(92)80005-U

M. Jamialahmadi, H. Müller-Steinhagen

{"title":"Effect of alcohol, organic acid and potassium chloride concentration on bubble size, bubble rise velocity and gas hold-up in bubble columns","authors":"M. Jamialahmadi, H. Müller-Steinhagen","doi":"10.1016/0300-9467(92)80005-U","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9467(92)80005-U","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of alcohol, organic acid and potassium chloride concentration on bubble size, bubble stability, terminal bubble rise velocity and gas hold-up in bubble columns was investigated. The addition of alcohols and organic acids to the water reduced the bubble size and the bubble rise velocity significantly. These organic solutes also changed the coalescence behaviour of aqueous solutions drastically, from high coalescence behaviour of pure water to coalescence restrain of the various solutions.</p><p>The mechanism of the coalescence suppression behaviour of electrolytic solutions of potassium chloride is discussed on the basis of ionic forces between ions and water molecules. The gas hold-up for low potassium chloride concentration increased owing to the ions reinforcing the liquid film between bubbles against bubble coalescence. For high potassium chloride concentration and low superficial gas velocity, large but unstable bubbles formed at the gas distributor plate. Increasing the gas velocity causes these bubbles to break into many smaller bubbles, thus increasing the gas hold-up.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101225,"journal":{"name":"The Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9467(92)80005-U","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53638918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 86

The Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(92)80004-T

A. Nakayama, A.V. Shenoy

引用次数: 32

Effects of ultrasound emitter type and power on a heterogeneous reaction 超声发射器类型和功率对非均相反应的影响

The Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(92)80003-S

N. Ratoarinoro, A.M. Wilhelm, J. Berlan, H. Delmas

{"title":"Effects of ultrasound emitter type and power on a heterogeneous reaction","authors":"N. Ratoarinoro, A.M. Wilhelm, J. Berlan, H. Delmas","doi":"10.1016/0300-9467(92)80003-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9467(92)80003-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the course of our current interest in designing appropriate reactors for sonochemistry, we have investigated a heterogeneous reaction which is highly improved by ultrasound, with the aim of trying to understand the mechanism of the reaction rate enhancement and the influence of the sonication parameters.</p><p>The chosen model reaction is a Michaël reaction: the addition of ethyl malonate to chalcone in toluene under solid-liquid phase transfer conditions. This reaction is very sensitive to sonic irradiation: the initial reaction rate is increased by a factor of 10 under sonication.</p><p>In order to separate the physical and chemical effects of ultrasound, we have studied the disruption of the solid catalyst (KOH) in toluene and compared the particle sizes with the values obtained during the reaction with and without ultrasound. It can be seen that sonication prevents particle agglomeration as the reaction proceeds.</p><p>The effect of the generator power has been studied using a cuphorn. The reaction yield is dramatically increased near the cavitation power threshold and then remains nearly constant. Finally, different sonication systems have been compared, the cleaning bath giving the poorest results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101225,"journal":{"name":"The Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9467(92)80003-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53638900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Operational range for a continuous stirred-tank bioreactor degrading an inhibitory substrate 降解抑制底物的连续搅拌槽生物反应器的操作范围

The Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(92)80007-W

Cleophas L.C. Migiro, Wo̵dzimierz Sokół

引用次数: 6

The role of chemical engineering in biotechnology 化学工程在生物技术中的作用

The Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(92)80008-X

Colin Webb, Bernard Atkinson

{"title":"The role of chemical engineering in biotechnology","authors":"Colin Webb, Bernard Atkinson","doi":"10.1016/0300-9467(92)80008-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9467(92)80008-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Depending on which definition is chosen, biotechnology can be considered to be one of the oldest industrial technologies or one of the newest. For the chemical engineer, however, the major distinction is in terms of the scale of operation. The majority of products of the new biotechnology are extremely high value, low volume biochemicals. Thus recovery (separation) processes for such products may be relatively costly and energy intensive, because of the small quantities involved, but at the same time must be highly efficient in order to minimize loss of valuable product. This contrasts with the more traditional biotechnological processes of the food and beverage industries, antibiotic and medium value pharmaceuticals production, and wastewater treatment. Here, the problems for the chemical engineer are more like those in the chemical or process industries.</p><p>In this paper a typical biological process is compared with its counterpart chemical process and the role of the chemical engineer in designing and developing such a process is examined through a series of examples. Just as the chemical industry for decades was dominated by the chemist, so the bioprocess industry is still dominated by the industrial microbiologist. There are consequently many areas in which improvements can be made to established industrial biological processes by the application of simple engineering concepts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101225,"journal":{"name":"The Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages B9-B16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9467(92)80008-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53638950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Separation of dipeptides on a reverse-phase column: effect of non-linear intrinsic adsorption kinetics 反相柱上二肽的分离:非线性本征吸附动力学的影响

The Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(92)80056-G

T.S. Nguyen, S.-G. Hu, D.D. Do

{"title":"Separation of dipeptides on a reverse-phase column: effect of non-linear intrinsic adsorption kinetics","authors":"T.S. Nguyen, S.-G. Hu, D.D. Do","doi":"10.1016/0300-9467(92)80056-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9467(92)80056-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on experimental results for the system of dipeptides (CBZ-leucyl-glycine and CBZ-glycyl-phenylalanine) on reverse-phase silica C<sub>18</sub>, a detailed rate model including the intrinsic adsorption kinetics is proposed for multicomponent liquid chromatography. Simulation of the model was performed to investigate the effects of various parameters (rate constants, adsorption affinity, sorbent capacity, axial dispersion, feed concentration, sample size and velocity) on the band shape and spreading of elution chromatography. For cases with a finite rate of interaction between adsorbate and adsorbent, the mean retention time for the elution profiles of solutes is still determined by the equilibrium parameters, while the separation (resolution) between solute bands is largely influenced by the rate constants of the intrinsic adsorption kinetics. The effect of intrinsic adsorption kinetics becomes pre-eminent when the superficial velocity <em>V</em><sub>f</sub> is high. An optimal resolution diagram is presented to facilitate determination of the optimal operation parameters for touching-band separation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101225,"journal":{"name":"The Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages B41-B49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9467(92)80056-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53639810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Modelling of the isothermal oxidative stabilization of mesophase pitch fibre 中间相沥青纤维等温氧化稳定的模拟

The Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(92)80049-G

Toshikuni Yonemoto, Hiroaki Nitta, Tomoaki Kawata, Teiriki Tadaki

{"title":"Modelling of the isothermal oxidative stabilization of mesophase pitch fibre","authors":"Toshikuni Yonemoto, Hiroaki Nitta, Tomoaki Kawata, Teiriki Tadaki","doi":"10.1016/0300-9467(92)80049-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0300-9467(92)80049-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Isothermal experiments were conducted to elucidate the rate process of stabilization for mesophase petroleum pitch fibre. The rate of oxygen consumption in the fibres was quantified by measuring the time course of the oxygen concentration in the effluent gas from the reactor. A mathematical model of the stabilization, in which the mass transfer of molecular oxygen and the autoxidation reaction with the active sites in the fibre were taken into account, was also constructed and a numerical simulation of the model equations was conducted. Physical parameters such as the effective diffusivity of molecular oxygen in the fibre, the reaction rate constant and the gas—solid equilibrium coefficient of molecular oxygen, which are included in the mathematical model, were determined by comparing the experimental values of oxygen concentration in the exit gas with theoretical values. Physicochemical processes of the stabilization were also discussed on the basis of the theoretical results. It was concluded that the stabilization is complete even when the reaction does not proceed deeply into the fibre.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101225,"journal":{"name":"The Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0300-9467(92)80049-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53639601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The modelling of a rinsing process in electroplating lines 电镀生产线中冲洗过程的建模

The Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(92)80052-C

Zofia Buczko

引用次数: 3

Model of temperature profiles during condensation in a film in a molecular evaporator 分子蒸发器中膜内冷凝过程中的温度分布模型

The Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(92)80054-E

Viktor Badin, Ján Cvengroš

引用次数: 5

Détermination de la distribution granulomeétrique de milieux dispersés liquide-liquide, solide-liquide et solide-solide: mise au point et développement de l'analyse d'image assistée par ordinateur 测定分散介质液-液、固-液和固-固的粒径分布:计算机辅助图像分析的发展与发展

The Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 1992-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9467(92)80050-K

J.P. Bernié, G. Lacoste

引用次数: 0