EconomiA最新文献_第5页

International trade, development traps, and the core-periphery structure of income inequality 国际贸易、发展陷阱与收入不平等的核心-边缘结构

EconomiA Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2019.09.001

Dominik Hartmann , Mayra Bezerra , Beatrice Lodolo , Flávio L. Pinheiro

{"title":"International trade, development traps, and the core-periphery structure of income inequality","authors":"Dominik Hartmann , Mayra Bezerra , Beatrice Lodolo , Flávio L. Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2019.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2019.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on economic complexity has shown that a country’s type of exports conditions its future path of economic diversification and economic growth. Yet little emphasis has been put on the inequality associated with the types of products traded between countries and different regions of the world. Here we analyze the income inequality associated with the imports and exports of 116 countries in the period from 1970 to 2010. Our analysis shows that methods from network science and visual complexity research can help to reevaluate old theories in economics, such as core-periphery structures in international trade or structural development traps. Our results illustrate that the core-periphery structure of global trade affects not only the income inequality between countries, but also the income inequality within countries. Moreover, they reveal the structural constraints that developing and emerging economies face in promoting inclusive growth and benchmark their productive transformations with cases of successful catching up and developed economies. The results show that countries, such as South Korea or Germany, have benefited from outsourcing high inequality products. In contrast, some middle-income countries, such as Brazil or South Africa, face structural development constraints consisting of a large average distance of their export products to low inequality products and a “gravitational force” towards high inequality products. Finally, developing economies, such as Nicaragua or Sri Lanka face a double development trap for inclusive growth, as their economies depend on both a large share of high inequality exports and imports.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 255-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2019.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92010194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards determining Nigeria’s economic growth path: A balance-of-payments constrained growth approach 确定尼日利亚的经济增长路径:国际收支限制增长方法

EconomiA Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2019.11.004

Yohanna Panshak , Irfan Civcir , Hüseyin Ozdeser

引用次数: 1

Monetary policy and transaction costs: Empirical analysis of consumption function for the United States of America (1988–2014) 货币政策与交易成本:美国消费函数的实证分析(1988-2014)

EconomiA Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2020.02.001

Carlos Eduardo Gomes , Maria Helena Ambrosio Dias

{"title":"Monetary policy and transaction costs: Empirical analysis of consumption function for the United States of America (1988–2014)","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Gomes , Maria Helena Ambrosio Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2020.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2020.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In macroeconomic theory, different approaches discuss the ability of monetary policy to affect real variables in the long run. This research proposes the empirical application of a theoretical model that includes nominal rigidities arising from transaction costs and real rigidities arising from the firms’ competition structure. Thus, based on data from the US economy we propose to test the theoretical results combining the existence of shocks arising from both real factors and factors affecting the money market, establishing tests for shocks of supply and aggregate demand. The concern is to investigate if the economic policy is capable of affecting the long run (average) values of the real private consumption. Time series analysis methodology of Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) models was used to test long run relationship for US economy. The ability to establish the long run relationships between these aggregates with some degree of confidence, allow simulating shocks by impulse response functions and variance decomposition. The theoretical results of the model indicate that productivity, transaction costs (number of transactions with credit/debit cards) and currency money tend to positively influence consumption, whereas delinquency have a negative effect on consumption. We tested two empirical specifications and both confirmed the theoretical results for the US economy and, therefore, the research can help policymakers to measure the long run consequences of their decisions, that is, the results converge on the non-neutrality of money in the long run in the US economy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 91-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2020.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75159429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Assessing global economic activity linkages: The role played by United States, Germany and China 评估全球经济活动的联系:美国、德国和中国所扮演的角色

EconomiA Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2020.01.001

Emerson Fernandes Marçal , Diogo de Prince , Beatrice Zimmermann , Giovanni Merlin , Oscar Simões

引用次数: 6

The role of exchange rate for current account: A panel data analysis 汇率对经常项目的作用:面板数据分析

EconomiA Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2020.05.002

Flávio Vilela Vieira , Ronald MacDonald

引用次数: 6

Peer effects and educational achievement: evidence of causal effects using age at school entry as exogenous variation for Peer quality 同伴效应与教育成就:使用入学年龄作为同伴质量外生变异的因果效应证据

EconomiA Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2020.04.003

Isabel Pessoa de Arruda Raposo, Michela Barreto Camboim Gonçalves

{"title":"Peer effects and educational achievement: evidence of causal effects using age at school entry as exogenous variation for Peer quality","authors":"Isabel Pessoa de Arruda Raposo, Michela Barreto Camboim Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2020.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2020.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper evaluates the diffusion of peer effects on academic achievement of 4th grade students in the Brazilian public school system. Using data from <em>Prova Brasil</em> 2013, the identification strategy builds on the use of an IV approach, in which the instruments for peers’ performance are the proportions of classmates born in the second semester of the year (and alternatively, in each quarter). The idea behind the instruments is that compulsory school enrolment laws generate variation in the child’s age at school entry, which, in turn, make the date of birth within the year an important determinant of educational achievement and, at the same time, plausibly exogenous to the quality of the student’s peers. The results demonstrate that classrooms with higher proportions of peers born in the 2nd semester <em>(started school at a relatively older age)</em> tend to perform better, on average, than those that concentrate children born in the 1st semester, even after the inclusion of a wide range of control variables. For the math and Portuguese language evaluations, a one standard deviation increase in the classmates’ test scores improves individual achievement by 30% of a SD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 18-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2020.04.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73876925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Production, Land Use and Economy of the Legal Amazon Region Between 2030 and 2049 2030 - 2049年气候变化对亚马孙地区农业生产、土地利用和经济的影响

EconomiA Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2020.04.001

Tarik Marques do Prado Tanure , Diego Nobuhiko Miyajima , Aline Souza Magalhães , Edson Paulo Domingues , Terciane Sabadini Carvalho

{"title":"The Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Production, Land Use and Economy of the Legal Amazon Region Between 2030 and 2049","authors":"Tarik Marques do Prado Tanure , Diego Nobuhiko Miyajima , Aline Souza Magalhães , Edson Paulo Domingues , Terciane Sabadini Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2020.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2020.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global warming and climate impact on agricultural output, land use and food production. This paper seeks to verify the economic impacts of climate change in the Legal Amazon region, especially on agricultural production, land use, GDP and job creation. We employ the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, REGIA - Inter-regional General Equilibrium Model for the Brazilian Legal Amazon, to assess changes in agricultural production and land use in the region due to climate change scenarios proposed by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). The results indicate a drop in economic indicators in the Legal Amazon leading to a loss in real GDP in the order of 1.18% in 2049 due to decrease in production and employment in the agricultural sector. Deforestation will increase due to the gradual replacement of pasture areas by crop fields. Such changes are not homogeneous in the space, affecting more the states of Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Pará, whose economy are dependent upon agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 73-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2020.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79532243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Public versus private wage differential in Brazilian public firms 巴西公营企业与私营企业的工资差异

EconomiA Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2019.09.005

Andre Mancha , Enlinson Mattos

引用次数: 4

Wage structure differential and disability in Brazil — Underperformance or discrimination? 巴西的工资结构差异和残疾——表现不佳还是歧视?

EconomiA Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2019.11.003

Nicole Rennó Castro , Gustavo Carvalho Moreira , Rodrigo Peixoto da Silva

{"title":"Wage structure differential and disability in Brazil — Underperformance or discrimination?","authors":"Nicole Rennó Castro , Gustavo Carvalho Moreira , Rodrigo Peixoto da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.econ.2019.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econ.2019.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2013, 7.32% of the Brazilian population, or almost 15 million people, declared that they had some disability. Based on empirical evidence, this study sought to answer the following three questions: 1) Are men with disabilities paid less in the Brazilian labor market? 2) If so, is this predominantly due to differences in individual socioeconomic characteristics, underperformance, or is it a case of discrimination? 3) What are the main determinants of wage differential among disabled men? To answer these questions, we used data from a sample of men aged 18–65 working in Brazil’s private sector to estimate Tobit wage equations and perform a twofold decomposition of the disabled-nondisabled wage differential by applying the traditional Oaxaca-Blinder technique. <span>DeLeire (2001)</span> methodology was then employed to isolate the roles of discrimination and underperformance in the analysis, which was performed separately by the severity of the disability effect on activities. It was found that male employees with disabilities that limit daily activities earn lower wages than comparably employed nondisabled men and that this difference increases with the severity of the disability; that the estimated wage differentials were associated with both discrimination and underperformance, especially the latter; that there was a wage “reward” for the disabled positively correlated with their level of education; that the onset period of a disability did not significantly affect wages; and that men with intellectual disabilities are the most wage disadvantaged. These results provide useful information for policy makers in Brazil when allocating resources to support people with disabilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100389,"journal":{"name":"EconomiA","volume":"20 3","pages":"Pages 211-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.econ.2019.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84576937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Do government guarantees really matter in fixed exchange rate regimes? 在固定汇率制度下，政府担保真的重要吗?

EconomiA Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.econ.2019.09.006

Marcio M. Janot , Márcio G.P. Garcia , Walter Novaes

引用次数: 0