Apunts Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between physical parameters and shooting velocity in elite female rink hockey players","authors":"Ramon Rosanas-Orra ,&nbsp;Albert Altarriba-Bartes ,&nbsp;Jordi Vicens-Bordas ,&nbsp;Jordi Merino-Tantiña ,&nbsp;Xantal Borràs-Boix","doi":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate various physical parameters and their relationship with shooting velocity in female rink hockey players. Eight female players (age: 24.8 ± 3.88 years, body mass: 62.6 ± 4.67 kg, height: 167 ± 0.04 cm) were measured, weighted and tested for thoracic spine range of motion, spine rotational strength, chop, lift, bench press, and handgrip. Shooting velocity of each participant was measured for both slap and backhand shots. Results showed a significant correlation between slap shot velocity and body mass (<em>r</em> = 0.76; <em>p</em> = .02; ICC 0.1338 - 0.9532), spine rotation strength to the right with body weight (<em>r</em> = 0.76; <em>p</em> = .04; ICC 0.0368 - 0.9638) and with 79 % of body weight (<em>r</em> = 0.84; <em>p</em> = .01; 0.2374 - 0.9759). Interestingly, backhand velocity showed a strong correlation and a close to significant p-value with bench press power at 25 kg (<em>r</em> = 0.70; <em>p</em> = .054; ICC -0.0141 - 0.9401), 30 kg (<em>r</em> = 0.53; <em>p</em> = .097; ICC - 0.1415 - 0.9233) and 35 kg (<em>r</em> = 0.63; <em>p</em> = .10; ICC -0,1568 - 0.8596). Similar results were observed with the estimated one repetition maximum for the bench press (<em>r</em> = 0.67; <em>p</em> = .077; ICC -0.0892 - 0.9307). Results suggested that including exercises to strengthen the torso rotation muscles and upper extremity strength could improve shooting velocity in female rink hockey players.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100113,"journal":{"name":"Apunts Sports Medicine","volume":"61 229","pages":"Article 100496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance to chronic neuromuscular fatigue during a training microcycle in a European Rugby Team","authors":"Ll. Albesa-Albiol ,&nbsp;S. González-Millán ,&nbsp;T. Caparrós ,&nbsp;A. Piedra ,&nbsp;P. Pardo ,&nbsp;S. Guerrero","doi":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to analyze the chronic neuromuscular fatigue over the course of training microcycle (one week) in 27 rugby players, differentiating between professional (<em>n</em> = 10) and non-professional (<em>n</em> = 17) athletes from the same team, as well as considering training load distribution and playing positions. A retrospective observational study was conducted, in which participants performed countermovement jumps (CMJ) before and after training sessions using a Chronojump Boscosystem contact platform. A total of 464 jumps were analyzed (234 pre- and 230 post-training), recording metrics such as jump height, flight time, average propulsive power, and initial velocity.</div><div>Professional players showed higher values in jump height (39.36± 4.24 cm), average power (1348.34±149,72 W) as well as a better reactive strength index (0.57), compared to non-professionals, who exhibited accumulated reductions in jump height (35,32± 6.80 cm), power (1176,62±26,96 W), and initial velocity (2,65±0,26 m/s) throughout the microcycle, indicating greater neuromuscular fatigue. Regarding playing positions, front-row players demonstrated lower average jump height (34.95±7,97 cm), while backline players stood out for higher speed (2.823±0,15 m/s) and power for back row (1381.92±171,87 W).</div><div>A positive effect of gym-based activation exercises prior to field training was observed, associated with improvements in jump height (38.62±6,07 cm vs. 36.31±6,05 cm; <em>F</em> = 14.8; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01; SE=0.03) power (1298.48±203,3 W vs. 1231.26±166,47 W), and initial velocity (2.75±025 m/s vs. 2.66±0,22 m/s). suggesting a post-activation potentiation (PAP) effect that could temporarily enhance neuromuscular performance. Therefore, incorporating PAP protocols before field sessions may be an effective strategy to optimize athletes' physical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100113,"journal":{"name":"Apunts Sports Medicine","volume":"61 229","pages":"Article 100502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of the my jump® 2 app to measure vertical jump performance in beach volleyball players","authors":"Leandro Augusto Pereira de Souza ,&nbsp;Jéssica Thais Freitas Nunes ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ghedini Gheller ,&nbsp;Geovanna de Paula Martins de Souza ,&nbsp;João Otacílio Libardoni dos Santos ,&nbsp;Ewertton de Souza Bezerra","doi":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the My Jump® 2 app for measuring vertical jump height on sand. We hypothesized that the app would demonstrate good reliability (ICC &gt; 0.75) and acceptable agreement (bias &lt; 2 cm, CCC ≥ 0.95) with 2D video analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-six male beach volleyball players performed four types of vertical jumps (CMJ, SJ, AJ, BJ) on sand. Jump height was measured using the My Jump® 2 app and 2D video analysis (Kinovea). Reliability was assessed with ICC(2,1), SEM, and MDC95. Validity was assessed using Pearson correlation, Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC), Bland-Altman analysis (bias and 95 % limits of agreement), and linear regression to evaluate proportional bias and standard error of estimate (SEE).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ICCs ranged from 0.447 to 0.594. SEM varied from 4.68 to 8.39 cm and MDC95 ranged from 12.98 to 23.24 cm. Pearson correlations were high (<em>r</em> = 0.713–0.832), but CCC values indicated only moderate agreement (CCC = 0.487–0.632). The My Jump® 2 app consistently overestimated jump height, with bias ranging from 5.38 to 6.91 cm. Limits of agreement ranged from -11.33 to 22.08 cm. Linear regressions revealed proportional bias in all jump types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>My Jump® 2 showed good reliability but limited agreement with the reference method on sand. While the app may be suitable for monitoring performance trends, its absolute accuracy is compromised under these conditions and should be interpreted with caution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100113,"journal":{"name":"Apunts Sports Medicine","volume":"61 229","pages":"Article 100497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of inter-limb anthropometric asymmetries on physical performance in international footballers with spastic hemiplegia","authors":"Juan Francisco Maggiolo ,&nbsp;Matías Henríquez ,&nbsp;Manuel Moya-Ramón ,&nbsp;Iván Peña-González","doi":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze the association between the inter-limb anthropometric differences in ten international cerebral palsy football players with spastic hemiplegia and their physical performance.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Anthropometric assessment included measurements for both limbs following ISAK protocols. Physical performance tests included 1RM strength, CMJ, 5-m and 30-m sprints, an agility test, a dribbling test, and the 505 change of direction test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant correlations were observed between anthropometric asymmetries and physical performance. Conversely, significant correlations were found between the girths of the unaffected limbs and 1RM (r= 0.73–0.77), CMJ (r= 0.69), and 5-m sprint (r= 0.64–0.67). Regression analysis identified the girth of the unaffected thigh and calf as predictors for 1RM (R²= 55%) and CMJ (R²= 48%), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although inter-limb asymmetries did not correlate with reduced performance, players relied on unaffected limbs, highlighting the role of compensatory strategies and targeted training in optimizing performance for CP football players.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100113,"journal":{"name":"Apunts Sports Medicine","volume":"60 228","pages":"Article 100488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Get Active Questionnaire for Pregnancy (“Questionário Seja Ativa durante a Gravidez”) into Portugal and Brazil Portuguese","authors":"Camila G. de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Silvia G. Casseb ,&nbsp;Maria-Raquel G. Silva ,&nbsp;Bárbara Castro ,&nbsp;Anna Szumilewicz ,&nbsp;Margie H. Davenport ,&nbsp;Rita Santos-Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physical activity (PA) is established to be an essential component of a healthy lifestyle across the lifespan and is highly recommended during pregnancy. Guideline recommendations used to call for all women to speak with their health care provider before beginning or continuing PA during pregnancy. However, these have been removed from more recent guidelines due to the strong evidence supporting the safety and benefits of prenatal PA. In 2021, the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP) developed and released an instrument called Get Active Questionnaire for Pregnancy (GAQ-P) to identify the small number of women who should seek medical advice as a first step to becoming or continuing to be physically active during the months that they are pregnant, and to help the majority of healthy pregnant women overcome any concerns they might have with getting or staying active. The original instrument was developed in English. This article describes the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the GAQ-P for use in the Portuguese language (both Brazil and Portugal). We followed the ten-step translation process outlined by the Translation and Cultural Adaptation International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines. Our template can be used by other health professionals for translation and verification of the original tool into their native language.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100113,"journal":{"name":"Apunts Sports Medicine","volume":"60 228","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of self-myofascial release before and during complex training on creatine kinase and DOMS in football players","authors":"Husaif Karimpanattayil Abdulkader ,&nbsp;Aakash M Tom ,&nbsp;W Vinu ,&nbsp;Dilshith A. Kabeer ,&nbsp;Mathew Issac ,&nbsp;S. Bindhu ,&nbsp;A.K Safad","doi":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Complex training (CT) combines resistance and plyometric exercises. It improves athletic performance but also leads to fatigue and muscle damage. Recovery strategies like self-myofascial release (SMF) have gained attention. However, it is still unclear how effective they are when used before and during training.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study looks at the effects of SMF applied before (PMF) and during (DM) CT on recovery. The study used creatine kinase (CK) and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) as signs of fatigue and muscle damage in football players.</div></div><div><h3>Materials &amp; methods</h3><div>The research used a quantitative, experimental design with 36 professional football players aged 20–25. They were randomly divided into three groups: PM (PMF with foam roller + CT), PDM (DM techniques + CT), and a control group (CG) that only did CT. CK and DOMS measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after training. Analysis was done using repeated-measures ANOVA (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.005).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The treatment groups (PM, PDM, CG) and the timing of measurements significantly affected CK levels and DOMS. PDM had the lowest CK levels, indicating a significant reduction in muscle damage. This group also reported less soreness compared to the others.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Using SMF before and during exercise effectively lowers CK levels and DOMS, with PDM providing the greatest recovery benefits. These findings suggest that incorporating SMF techniques into training can improve recovery and reduce muscle damage caused by exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100113,"journal":{"name":"Apunts Sports Medicine","volume":"60 228","pages":"Article 100495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vastus medialis injury by indirect mechanism in football, a case series","authors":"Oscar Vicente ,&nbsp;Carles Pedret ,&nbsp;Olga Velasco","doi":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>To our knowledge, indirect mechanism injuries of the Vastus medialis (VM) are still not reported in literature. The aim of this case series study is to describe indirect mechanism VM injuries in football, suggest the best clinical assessment, imaging tests and guidelines for a safe return-to-play (RTP).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Over a period of 3 years, four professional football players diagnosed with VM injury by indirect mechanism, were included in the series. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to control the injuries evolution.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this series, Myofascial injuries presented higher frequency and shorter RTP time (16 days mean) than myotendinous injury (26 days). Two injury mechanisms were identified: Deceleration and progressive loading.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The VM is a muscle that can also be injured by indirect mechanism. These are a good prognosis injury, if managed correctly, as they are clinically well tolerated injuries. The series findings should be taken wisely, requiring further sampling and studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100113,"journal":{"name":"Apunts Sports Medicine","volume":"60 227","pages":"Article 100487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of treatment strategies for groin injuries in athletes: Effects on successful recovery and recurrence of sports conditions – A systematic review","authors":"João Vitor de Castro Fernandes ,&nbsp;Andre Pedrinelli ,&nbsp;Jacobo Ángel Rubio-Arias","doi":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Core muscle injuries, characterized by pubic region pain from muscle and tendon damage, present challenges in athletic recovery. Treatment for pubic pain in athletes often involves a combination of clinical approaches and surgical interventions, typically requiring long recovery periods. This study systematically reviews the treatment methods for groin pain in athletes and evaluates the return to sports outcomes. A total of 86 studies were reviewed, with 30 included in the qualitative analysis. The findings suggest a stepwise approach starting with conservative treatments, such as shockwave therapy, manual therapy, and exercise. If no improvement is observed within 3 to 6 months, surgery is considered. Procedures like adductor tenotomy and selective release have shown effectiveness in facilitating return to sports. Core muscle injuries require personalized treatment plans, with promising outcomes from conservative methods and effective surgical options for severe cases, leading to safe and complete recovery in most athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>1</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100113,"journal":{"name":"Apunts Sports Medicine","volume":"60 227","pages":"Article 100481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143296600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a personalized sleep education program and its impact on academic performance in young team sports players","authors":"Ana Merayo ,&nbsp;Oscar Sans ,&nbsp;Alex Iranzo ,&nbsp;Lluis Capdevila","doi":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a sleep education program for young athletes in improving sleep quality, sleep duration, mood, and academic performance.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 639 athletes (11 % female; mean age: 13.89±3.8 years) from five sports disciplines in a professional club were evaluated before and after a sports season using four specific instruments: (1) sleep diaries to estimate nocturnal sleep duration, (2) the Children's Sleep Disorders Score Scale (SDSC) to assess sleep quality, (3) the Sleep Vitality Scale (SVS) to evaluate mood, and (4) school records to assess academic performance. The sleep education program involved staff, family, and individual sessions, focusing on promoting healthy sleep habits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Athletes aged 16–25 years showed an increase in nocturnal sleep duration (<em>p</em> = 0.002), whereas those aged 12–15 years experienced a decrease (<em>p</em> = 0.01). No changes were observed in the 7–11-year-old group. In terms of sleep quality, significant improvements were observed in the 12–15-year-old (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and 16–25-year-old (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) groups, while the 7–11-year-old group showed a decline (<em>p</em> = 0.001). Regarding mood, a significant deterioration was noted in the 7–11-year-old group (<em>p</em> = 0.008), with no changes in the older age groups. Academic performance significantly improved across all age groups: 7–11 years (<em>p</em> = 0.001), 12–15 years (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and 16–25 years (<em>p</em> = 0.008).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The sleep education program effectively improved sleep quality and quantity in the two older age groups (12–25 years). However, it did not yield positive outcomes for the youngest group (7–11 years). All age groups showed a significant increase at the end of the season in academic performance.The sleep education program effectively improved sleep quality, duration, and academic performance in athletes aged 12–25 years. However, it did not yield positive outcomes for athletes aged 7–11 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100113,"journal":{"name":"Apunts Sports Medicine","volume":"60 227","pages":"Article 100483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of core stability training on handball throwing performance","authors":"Sebastián Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Catalina León-Prieto ,&nbsp;María Fernanda Rodríguez-Jaime ,&nbsp;Alejandra Noguera-Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apunsm.2025.100484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the effects of core stability training on throwing performance in handball.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A systematic search for trials up to August 2024 was performed in PubMed, Bireme, Scopus and WOS, following the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA statements. Two reviewers independently selected studies, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROB2 scale. In addition, study quality was assessed using the clinical trial checklist provided by SIGN. Data were analyzed in RevMan-Web using fixed-effects meta-analysis, assessing heterogeneity with <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span>, <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> tests and Galbraith plots. Finally, the certainty of evidence was determined employing the GRADE approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2,343 identified records, 7 studies involving 175 handball players (14–24 years) were selected. Core stability training increased 3.49 kilometer/hour throwing speed from a static position (95 % CI = 1.04 to 5.94), 1.11 kilometer/hour after a run (95 % CI = 0.19 to 2.03) and 1.32 kilometer/hour after a jump (95 % CI = 0.54 to 2.10). The certainty of evidence for these three outcomes was considered low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sports scientists (sports doctors, physical therapists, physical trainers, among others) working with handball players might consider the implementation of CST as a valuable tool to help players improve throwing speed.</div></div><div><h3>Registry number</h3><div>CRD42024579528</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100113,"journal":{"name":"Apunts Sports Medicine","volume":"60 227","pages":"Article 100484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}