Daniel Karlsson, Mark W Spence, Patrick M Plehiers
{"title":"Emission and time-resolved migration rates of aromatic diamines from two flexible polyurethane foams.","authors":"Daniel Karlsson, Mark W Spence, Patrick M Plehiers","doi":"10.1177/07482337231172816","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Performing risk assessments (RA) on household use of flexible polyurethane (PU) foams requires access to reliable data about emission and migration of potential diamine impurities. A toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and a methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) based foam were thermally treated to enable measurements on samples with defined concentrations of the corresponding diamines, toluene diamine (TDA), and methylene dianiline (MDA). The thermally treated foams used for emission testing contained up to 15 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup> of TDA and 27 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup> of MDA. Those used for migration testing contained 5.1 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup> of TDA and 14.1 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup> of MDA. Stability of the thermally generated diamines was sufficient for testing over a 37-day period. Analytical techniques that did not decompose the polymer matrix were applied. Emission rates for TDA and MDA isomers were less than the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.008-0.07 μg.m<sup>-2</sup>.h<sup>-1</sup>. Migration was studied using samples of the same thermally treated foams over a 35-day period. Quantifiable migration of MDA from the MDI-based foam was only observed on Days 1 and 2. From Day 3 onward, migration rates were less than the LOQ. Quantifiable migration of TDA from the TDI-based foam rapidly decreased with time and was only observed on Days 1 thru 3. From Day 4 onward, migration rates were less than the LOQ. Theoretically, the migration rate should be inversely proportional to the square root of time (t) as t<sup>-0.5</sup>. This relationship was confirmed by the experimental data and enables extrapolating migration values to more extended time periods to conduct RAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/06/10.1177_07482337231172816.PMC10210196.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07482337231172816","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Performing risk assessments (RA) on household use of flexible polyurethane (PU) foams requires access to reliable data about emission and migration of potential diamine impurities. A toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and a methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) based foam were thermally treated to enable measurements on samples with defined concentrations of the corresponding diamines, toluene diamine (TDA), and methylene dianiline (MDA). The thermally treated foams used for emission testing contained up to 15 mg.kg-1 of TDA and 27 mg.kg-1 of MDA. Those used for migration testing contained 5.1 mg.kg-1 of TDA and 14.1 mg.kg-1 of MDA. Stability of the thermally generated diamines was sufficient for testing over a 37-day period. Analytical techniques that did not decompose the polymer matrix were applied. Emission rates for TDA and MDA isomers were less than the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.008-0.07 μg.m-2.h-1. Migration was studied using samples of the same thermally treated foams over a 35-day period. Quantifiable migration of MDA from the MDI-based foam was only observed on Days 1 and 2. From Day 3 onward, migration rates were less than the LOQ. Quantifiable migration of TDA from the TDI-based foam rapidly decreased with time and was only observed on Days 1 thru 3. From Day 4 onward, migration rates were less than the LOQ. Theoretically, the migration rate should be inversely proportional to the square root of time (t) as t-0.5. This relationship was confirmed by the experimental data and enables extrapolating migration values to more extended time periods to conduct RAs.
期刊介绍:
Toxicology & Industrial Health is a journal dedicated to reporting results of basic and applied toxicological research with direct application to industrial/occupational health. Such research includes the fields of genetic and cellular toxicology and risk assessment associated with hazardous wastes and groundwater.