Measurement of Solar Irradiance for Determining the Optimal Tilt Angle for Photovoltaic Panels

G. I. Olatona, Tolulope J. Fadairo
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Abstract

The challenge of solar panel installers in determining the tilt angle needed to obtain optimal performance from the photovoltaic panels was the focus of this paper. The performances of two 150 W panels under varied conditions of temperature and solar irradiance on a plane at two different heights (1 m and 11.5 m) from the ground surface were determined to find the effects of tilt angle and altitude on their performances. Measurements of solar irradiance, temperature, open-circuit voltage, and short circuit current were made at various tilt angles and compared to one another based on the measured irradiance. The optimal tilt angle at the experimental site was found to be 15°SW (165°). At this angle, the irradiance was 818.05 Wm–2 compared to 792.26 Wm–2 at 15°NE (15°), 780.44 Wm–2 45°NE (45°) and 767.63 Wm–2 at 45°SW(135°) at 1 m from ground surface, while at 11.5 m the irradiance at 15°SW was 861.99 Wm–2 compared to 685.98 Wm–2 at 15°NE, 624.33 Wm–2 at 45°NE and 676.49 Wm–2 at 45°SW. Hence the performance of a photovoltaic panel solely depends on the tilt angles relative to the height at which the panel is mounted. Keywords: Solar, Irradiance, Photovoltaic, Panels, Tilt angle
确定光伏板最佳倾斜角的太阳辐照度测量
太阳能电池板安装人员在确定光伏板获得最佳性能所需的倾斜角度方面面临的挑战是本文的重点。在距离地面1 m和11.5 m两个不同高度的平面上,对两个150w太阳能电池板在不同温度和太阳辐照度条件下的性能进行了测试,以找出倾角和高度对其性能的影响。测量太阳辐照度、温度、开路电压和短路电流,在不同的倾斜角度进行,并根据测量的辐照度相互比较。实验场地的最佳倾斜角度为西南15°(165°)。在该角度下,距离地面1 m处,15°NE(15°)、45°NE(45°)和45°SW(135°)处的辐照度分别为818.05 Wm-2、792.26 Wm-2、780.44 Wm-2和767.63 Wm-2;在11.5 m处,15°SW处的辐照度分别为861.99 Wm-2、685.98 Wm-2、624.33 Wm-2和676.49 Wm-2。因此,光伏板的性能完全取决于相对于安装板的高度的倾斜角。关键词:太阳能,辐照度,光伏,面板,倾角
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