Socio-economic consequences of GMO food

Abstract

The paper presents issues related to Genetically Modified Organisms, starting from characterization, through various examples of GM plants, and features that can be obtained through genetic engineering. It describes some of the opportunities and risks that may arise following the introduction of GMOs. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are undoubtedly an opportunity for the development of mankind, but they may also prove to be a serious threat. Their introduction to the Polish market is related to meeting many requirements aimed at food safety and human health. Although so far no one has provided evidence that genetically modified food has a negative impact on human life, a special regime has been introduced in this respect. Genetic modifications have many benefits, including in the cultivation of plants and medicine. Thanks to them, cultivation is much easier and more profitable, reduced losses caused by diseases or pests. Cultivation of plants is resistant to a variety of environmental factors (drought, frost, salinity). Genetics also contribute to biodiversity. Lower cultivation costs result in lower food prices. This can be an opportunity to fight hunger and malnutrition in Third World countries. Unfortunately, although genetic engineering offers completely new perspectives and can solve many problems, the dangers of genetic engineering cannot be forgotten. Above all, these are environmental threats, because the spread of genetic material in nature cannot be controlled, and the effects of this phenomenon are irreversible and, most importantly, they will only become apparent in the future. Another undoubtedly serious threat is the creation of biological weapons, the use of which can have disastrous consequences for the world. Therefore, it is important how genetic technologies are used. To date, no evidence has been presented that genetically modified food is harmless to the human body. The effects of long-term consumption of such food may only be visible after many years, or not at all.