Moisture Sensitive Adhesives and Flooring Adhesive Failures

Peter E. Nelson, E. Hopps
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Abstract

Over the last decade, changes in environmental government regulations have necessitated the reformulation of many historically durable adhesives used in the application of flooring materials. The most popular flooring adhesives traditionally used solvents containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but government-prescribed regulations that limit or restrict VOCs resulted in dramatic changes to most traditional flooring adhesives. Adhesives with VOC-containing solvents were replaced with water-based or 100 % solids adhesive formulations. While these new formulations may reduce the environmental impact of new flooring installations, new adhesives are less durable and more susceptible to moisture-related deterioration. Within the past ten years more moisture-related flooring failures have occurred as adhesive systems have switched away from the proven VOC-containing technology to a newer, low VOC-compliant technology. If the concrete is not properly sealed or allowed to dry, the moisture inherent to concrete substrates can break down, re-emulsify, and dissolve moisture-sensitive flooring adhesives. Consequentially, applied flooring materials can delaminate, buckle, blister, and crack. This paper will compare the composition of newer moisture-sensitive flooring adhesives with that of their VOC-containing predecessors, and describe the properties of the adhesives that reduce overall durability. Case studies of flooring failures resulting from moisture-related deterioration of adhesives will be presented for various flooring materials including carpet tile, sheet vinyl, and vinyl composition tile flooring. Recommendations for repairing failed flooring and providing durable new flooring installations using moisture-sensitive adhesives will also be included.
湿敏粘合剂和地板粘合剂失效
在过去的十年中,在环境政府法规的变化已经有必要在地板材料的应用中使用的许多历史上耐用的粘合剂的重新配方。最流行的地板粘合剂传统上使用含有挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的溶剂,但政府规定的限制或限制VOCs的法规导致大多数传统地板粘合剂发生了巨大变化。使用含voc溶剂的粘合剂被水性或100%固体粘合剂配方所取代。虽然这些新配方可能会减少新地板安装对环境的影响,但新粘合剂的耐用性较差,更容易受到与潮湿有关的变质。在过去的十年里,随着粘合剂系统从成熟的含voc技术转向更新的低voc兼容技术,越来越多与潮湿有关的地板故障发生。如果混凝土密封不当或任其干燥,混凝土基材固有的水分会分解,重新乳化,并溶解对水敏感的地坪粘合剂。因此,应用的地板材料可能分层,扣,起泡和裂纹。本文将比较新型湿敏地板胶粘剂的组成及其含voc的前身,并描述降低整体耐久性的胶粘剂的性能。针对各种地板材料,包括地毯砖、乙烯基板和乙烯基复合地板,将介绍因粘合剂潮湿变质而导致地板失效的案例研究。还将包括修复破损地板和使用湿敏粘合剂提供耐用的新地板装置的建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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