Variations of genotypes of Vicia species as influenced by seed phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity

Abstract

The phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of different Vicia species, which are cultivated in different areas of Turkey, and the diversity between analysed characters were investigated. For this purpose, 9 genotypes from three Vicia species: common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.), Hungarian vetch ( Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and Narbon vetch ( Vicia narbonensis L.), were used. The experiment was carried out to determine total phenolic content (TPC), content of individual phenolic compounds, to determine ABTS •+ and DPPH • scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in methanol and acetone extracts of seeds. The TPC of vetch extracts was in range 11.18–30.42 mg GAE g -1 (in methanol extract) and 17.05–59.88 mg GAE g -1 (in acetone extract). Two V. sativa genotypes Cvoe and Cvke stood out among the others with regard to high TPC and antioxidant activity. They also had the highest content of individual hydroxybenzoic acids and flavones. All extracts of V. narbonensis genotypes were characterised by absence of flavones and low TPC and antioxidant activity. GGE biplot analysis revealed the differences of Vicia genotypes based on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The significant correlations among TEAC, FRAP and DPPH • scavenging activity and the content of hydroxybenzoic acids were found in both methanol and acetone extracts ( P < 0.01). The genotypes were divided into three clusters in acetone extract and two clusters in methanol extract with similarity above 60% in each group by a hierarchical cluster analysis. These results demonstrated that the genotypic differences of Vicia species in terms of TPC and antioxidant activity can be a tool for feed technology studies for animal nutrition, animal welfare and meat quality.