Influence of Reconstructive Cutting in Deciduous-Spruce Stands on Root Competition of Species

Abstract

The predominance of mixed forest stands in a productive forest fund, which is located in the middle taiga subzone of Northwest Russia, determines the relevance of an investigation of the growth and development characteristics of the trees. In secondary stands, created by an extensive human consumption of primary spruce stands, spruce trees are generally presented in a minor quantity. The recovery of their dominance is an urgent economic and ecological issue. Despite the unity of approaches concerning the maintenance of deciduous-spruce forests, the research characteristics on the structure of the root systems differ considerably along with age and geographical position. This article investigates a root system competition between spruce and deciduous species in a 70-year-old blueberry-type forest that was 100 thinning by a reconstructive cutting 35 years ago. The mass of fine roots and their distribution in the upper solid layers were examined by the method of soil monoliths in the mixed stands with different proportions of spruce. The numerical characteristics of the stands were determined by the results of a regular complete enumeration on the trail plots. Besides, the tree diameters were measured around the circular plots, which were made for the collection of the monoliths. The records were made on the dynamics of changes in forest floor thickness and vegetation. The relationship between the underground and elevated parts of the stands was explored. It was shown that the roots of spruce can occupy the same ecological niche as the roots of deciduous species. A correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the mass of fine spruce roots and the competitive influence of deciduous species, the proportion of spruce in the stand, and its current volume increment. There was a significant difference in spruce root mass under joint growth with birch and aspen. Therefore, it was concluded that this phenomenon has a complex nature. Namely, the mass of the spruce roots has a direct dependency on their closeness to the maternal trees in combination with the spatial heterogeneity of the organic soil layers. The gained findings are important for the regulation of the composition and structure of the mixed deciduous-spruce stands for growing sustainable stands with a high economic value. For citation: Karpechko A.Yu., Sinkevich S.M. Influence of Reconstructive Cutting in Deciduous-Spruce Stands on Root Competition of Species. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 3, pp. 99–112. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-3-99-112