Cyclin D1 and PSA act as good prognostic and clinicopathological indicators for breast cancer

Abstract

ABSTRACT Breast cancer is one of the main causes of malignancies in females. Many prognostic parameters are verified but they do not give sufficient data about patients’ outcome. So, we must search for new prognostic and clinicopathological parameters. This study aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 and PSA in breast carcinoma and their relation to prognosis. It includes 79 specimens of breast invasive duct carcinoma. Overall survival time was available for all patients. There is a statistically significant association between positive PSA expression and lower tumor stage, nodal stage and tumor grade and between negative PSA expression and presence of metastasis (P value = .05, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.011, respectively). There is a highly statistically significant association between low percentage of cyclin D1 expression (<10%) and advanced tumor stage, advanced grade and presence of metastasis (P value = .002, 0.003 and 0.000, respectively) and between low and moderate percentage of Cyclin D1 expression (<10% and 10–50%) and advanced nodal stage (P value = .0.01). We concluded that Cyclin D1 and PSA were associated with good prognostic and clinicopathological parameters and therefore we suggested that they might be used as favorable prognostic indicators and should be analyzed in the context of molecular subtypes.