ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS FOR USING UKRAINE’S BIOMASS POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY

G. Geletukha, T. Zheliezna, P. Kucheruk, S. Drahniev
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Abstract

The purpose of the work is a comprehensive assessment of Ukraine’s bioenergy potential. The task of the work is to develop recommendations for the practical implementation of promising directions for the potential utilisation. The research methods include calculations, study and analysis of literature, statistics and other data. The availability of considerable biomass potential for the production of various types of biofuel and energy is one of the main prerequisites for the successful development of bioenergy in Ukraine. Results of the assessment based on 2021 data show that the potential of biomass for energy in the country amounts to nearly 26 Mtoe/year. A comprehensive assessment of the potential was carried out for such components as solid biomass, biofuelі and biogas. Sources of solid biomass are various agricultural residues, various types of wood biomass and energy crops (provided they are grown on unused agricultural land). Solid biomass in the amount of more than 16 Mtoe/year is the largest component of the country's biomass energy potential accounting for 62% of the total. Expert assessments indicate the possibility of increasing this potential to about 44 Mtoe/year in the period until 2050. A scenario for the long-term use of the biomass potential for energy and biofuel production has been developed taking into account sustainability issues. To implement this scenario, it is necessary to overcome a number of barriers existing in the bioenergy sector, primarily the main ones. It also seems necessary to temporarily liberalize for Ukraine the strict sustainability criteria established by the EU RED II. This mitigation should include postponing the requirement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (65% for biofuels and biogas for transport produced in installations that started operation from 01.01.2021); establishing a special limit for Ukraine until 2030 on the use of energy from first-generation biofuels in transport (up to 7%); expanding for Ukraine the list of feedstock for the production of advanced biofuels, including regulation of possibility to obtain raw material for biofuel production on polluted, unused, low-productivity and degraded lands.
利用乌克兰生物质能源潜力的未来方向分析
这项工作的目的是对乌克兰的生物能源潜力进行全面评估。这项工作的任务是为潜在利用的有希望的方向的实际实施制定建议。研究方法包括计算、研究和分析文献、统计和其他数据。可用于生产各种生物燃料和能源的巨大生物质潜力是乌克兰成功发展生物能源的主要先决条件之一。基于2021年数据的评估结果显示,该国生物质能源潜力接近2600万吨油当量/年。对固体生物质、生物燃料和沼气等成分的潜力进行了全面评估。固体生物质的来源是各种农业残留物、各种类型的木材生物质和能源作物(只要它们生长在未使用的农业土地上)。固体生物质的总量超过1600万吨油当量/年,是该国生物质能源潜力的最大组成部分,占总量的62%。专家评估表明,到2050年,这一潜力有可能增加到每年约4400万吨油当量。考虑到可持续性问题,已经制定了长期利用生物质潜力生产能源和生物燃料的设想。为了实现这一设想,有必要克服生物能源部门存在的一些障碍,主要是主要障碍。似乎也有必要暂时为乌克兰放宽欧盟RED II所制定的严格的可持续性标准。这种缓解应包括推迟减少温室气体排放的要求(2021年1月1日起开始运行的设施生产的生物燃料和运输用沼气减少65%);在2030年之前,对乌克兰在交通运输中使用第一代生物燃料设定特别限制(最高7%);扩大乌克兰生产先进生物燃料的原料清单,包括对在受污染、未使用、低生产率和退化的土地上获取生物燃料生产原料的可能性进行监管。
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