Joseph Che Forbi, Melton Sundu Musa, Musa Salawu, Jibrin Manu Idris, Ahmed Ibrahim Ba'aba, Jeff Higgins, Audu Idowu Musa, Bamusa Bashir, Aliyu Shettima, Nnamdi Njeakor, Iheanyichukwu Uzoma, Hyeni Mshelia, Gatei Wa Nganda, Kabiru Ibrahim Mohammed, Idriss Mohammed Bomoi, Umar Chiroma, Stephanie Diane Kovacs, Oladayo Biya, Ndadilnasiya Endie Waziri, Muyi Aina, Usman Saidu Adamu, Faisal Shuaib, Omotayo Bolu, Richard Franka, Eric Wiesen
{"title":"Historical reconstruction of inaccessibility status in Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Borno and Yobe States, Nigeria, 2010-2020.","authors":"Joseph Che Forbi, Melton Sundu Musa, Musa Salawu, Jibrin Manu Idris, Ahmed Ibrahim Ba'aba, Jeff Higgins, Audu Idowu Musa, Bamusa Bashir, Aliyu Shettima, Nnamdi Njeakor, Iheanyichukwu Uzoma, Hyeni Mshelia, Gatei Wa Nganda, Kabiru Ibrahim Mohammed, Idriss Mohammed Bomoi, Umar Chiroma, Stephanie Diane Kovacs, Oladayo Biya, Ndadilnasiya Endie Waziri, Muyi Aina, Usman Saidu Adamu, Faisal Shuaib, Omotayo Bolu, Richard Franka, Eric Wiesen","doi":"10.11604/pamj.supp.2023.45.2.39332","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>ultimately detected in 2016, wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission continued undetected after 2011 in Northeast Nigeria Borno and Yobe States in security-compromised areas, inaccessible due to armed insurgency. Varying inaccessibility prevented children aged <5 years in these areas from polio vaccination interventions and surveillance, while massive population displacements occurred. We examined progress in access over time to provide data supporting a very low probability of undetected WPV circulation within remaining trapped populations after 2016.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>to assess the extent of inaccessibility in security-compromised areas, we obtained empirical historical data in 2020 on a quarterly and annual basis from relevant polio eradication staff for the period 2010-2020. The extent of access to areas for immunization by recall was compared to geospatial data from vaccinator tracking. Population estimates over time in security-compromised areas were extracted from satellite imagery. We compared the historical access data from staff with tracking and population esimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>access varied during 2010-2020, with inaccessibility peaking during 2014-2016. We observed concurrent patterns between historical recalled data on inaccessibility and contemporaneous satellite imagery on population displacements, which increased confidence in the quality of recalled data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>staff-recalled access was consistent with vaccinator tracking and satellite imagery of population displacments. Despite variability in inaccessibility over time, innovative immunization initiatives were implemented as access allowed and surveillance initiatives were initiated to search for poliovirus transmission. Along with escape and liberation of residents by the military in some geographic areas, these initiatives resulted in a massive reduction in the size of the unvaccinated population remaining resident.</p>","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":"109 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874094/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ophthalmologica","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2023.45.2.39332","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: ultimately detected in 2016, wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission continued undetected after 2011 in Northeast Nigeria Borno and Yobe States in security-compromised areas, inaccessible due to armed insurgency. Varying inaccessibility prevented children aged <5 years in these areas from polio vaccination interventions and surveillance, while massive population displacements occurred. We examined progress in access over time to provide data supporting a very low probability of undetected WPV circulation within remaining trapped populations after 2016.
Methods: to assess the extent of inaccessibility in security-compromised areas, we obtained empirical historical data in 2020 on a quarterly and annual basis from relevant polio eradication staff for the period 2010-2020. The extent of access to areas for immunization by recall was compared to geospatial data from vaccinator tracking. Population estimates over time in security-compromised areas were extracted from satellite imagery. We compared the historical access data from staff with tracking and population esimates.
Results: access varied during 2010-2020, with inaccessibility peaking during 2014-2016. We observed concurrent patterns between historical recalled data on inaccessibility and contemporaneous satellite imagery on population displacements, which increased confidence in the quality of recalled data.
Conclusion: staff-recalled access was consistent with vaccinator tracking and satellite imagery of population displacments. Despite variability in inaccessibility over time, innovative immunization initiatives were implemented as access allowed and surveillance initiatives were initiated to search for poliovirus transmission. Along with escape and liberation of residents by the military in some geographic areas, these initiatives resulted in a massive reduction in the size of the unvaccinated population remaining resident.
期刊介绍：
Published since 1899, ''Ophthalmologica'' has become a frequently cited guide to international work in clinical and experimental ophthalmology. It contains a selection of patient-oriented contributions covering the etiology of eye diseases, diagnostic techniques, and advances in medical and surgical treatment. Straightforward, factual reporting provides both interesting and useful reading. In addition to original papers, ''Ophthalmologica'' features regularly timely reviews in an effort to keep the reader well informed and updated. The large international circulation of this journal reflects its importance.
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